北京市崇文区2015高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（8）及答案.doc

北京市崇文区2015高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（8）及答案阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 The new studies show that fewer than half of the 9th graders in many of the nations largest cities, can ever graduate. The studies clearly show that the dropout rate isnt dropping. And, in particular, the dropout rate isnt dropping for poor and minority students.Amazingly, though so many regret the rising dropout rate, our schools continue to lack formal plans-or any plans-to teach students motivation(动机). Most schools have no game plan to ensure that students understand that schooling will be completely necessary. Schools expect youth and children to act as though schooling is important, but they never teach them to believe that.Years ago, families ensured that thechildrenrecognized the value of schooling. But in many modern families, the children may fail to recognize the importance of school life just because these families may actually tell their children that school is not important. Since many families are not motivating their children to be interested students, youth professionals, like teachers may need to provide this training. Otherwise, it is likely the dropout rate will continue not to drop, but only worsen.Here are some strategies to convince even the most apathetic (无动于衷的) students that they must stay in school.Ask students if they will ever need to work: The world has changed. 100 years ago, factory work was the booming job, and it required no education. Today, factories are increasingly automated. Most computer-related jobs require education and at least a high school diploma.Ask students which century they will be prepared for: In 1900, the most common jobs were farm laborer and domestic servanteducation not needed. Now, the most common jobs are office and sales staffeducation and diploma usually needed. An amazing 6 out of 10 people today work in a store or office.Ask students to devise a way that the employee could be replaced. For example, the coming trend in fast food is to use computers rather than people to run the restaurant. A prototype is apparently already being tested. The students should discover that most jobs that lack education and diploma requirements may be ripe for automation.11. What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph1? A. Few students can afford to go to school in large cities. B. A large number of the 9th graders can graduate now. C. There are still quite a few 9th graders leaving school early. D. Most schools in large cities have fewer and fewer students.12. Without the help of youth professionals,_. A. more and more families will gradually recognize the value of school. B. it is likely that the dropout rate in schools wont continue to drop. C. some parents will be more convinced of their childrens future. D. the schools will make proper plans to solve the problems with dropout.13. The author takes factory work for example mainly to _. A. tell us that many jobs requires certain education in the past B. show that there are more factory work and employment in modern society C. show that employment in the computer field grows at a high rate D. emphasize that modern jobs require education and schools are necessary 14. It can be inferred that_. A. both schools and families should answer for the high dropout rate B. many new jobs dont need childrens high school diploma C. working in a store doesnt require a high school diploma D. most schools are ready to help students recognize the importance of study15. If students play the “Replace Me” game, the result would be “_”A. They will know that they can always do without a diploma B. More of them will drop out early to go to workC. They will discover that lack of education is a disadvantage in choosing jobsD. They will become better at using computers to hunt for a job参考答案 1115 、CBDAC阅读理解Five Olympic mascots were announced exactly 1000 days before the Beijing Olympic opening ceremony. The long-anticipated mascots represent four of Chinas most popular animals the fish, the panda, the Tibetan antelope and the swallow .The fifth mascot is the brightly burning Olympic flame. Each of the mascots has a repeated two-syllable name. This type of name is a traditional way of showing affection for children in China. BeiBei is the fish, JingJing is the panda, HuanHuan is the Olympic flame, YingYing is the Tibetan antelope and NiNi is the swallow. The first characters of their two-syllable names read “Beijing Huanying Ni,” or, in English, “Welcome to Beijing.”The five elements of nature, including the sea, forest, fire, earth and sky are found in the mascots origins and headpieces. These special headpieces also display the folk and culture of China. Each mascot also symbolizes a different blessing -prosperity, happiness, passion, health and good luck.It is the first time more than three mascots will share the important duty of representing their host country. Han Meilin, chief of the mascot design team explained that, “China has such a rich culture that no single mascot could possibly represent it! That is why we chose to produce five mascots instead of one.”Called the “Five Friendlies,” the figures embody（体现） the Chinese peoples hope for peace and friendship in the world and the spirit of the Olympics, representing not only multi-ethnic(多民族的) cultures of China, but also the traditional Chinese philosophy of harmony between humans and nature.In order to help Beijing 2008 spread its theme of One World, One Dream to every continent, the Five Friendlies reflect the deep desire of the Chinese people to reach out to the world in friendship through the Games and to invite every man, woman and child to take part in the great celebration of human union in 2008.16. Whats the theme of Beijing 2008 Olympics?A. Welcome to Beijing.B. Prosperity, Happiness, Passion, Health and Good luck.C. New Beijing, New Olympics.D. One World, One Dream.17. What did Han Meilin, chief of the mascot design team, think of the five mascots?A. He thought highly of the five mascots.B. No single mascot could represent China.C. The five mascots represented the culture of China.D. They would reflect the desire of Chinese people.18. Which of the following statements is not true?A. Its for the first time that five mascots are chosen to represent their host country in the Olympic history.B. One of the five mascots YingYing stands for the Olympic flame.C. Beijing announced its five 2008 Olympic mascots just 1000 days before the big event.D. The five mascots express affection for Chinese children by two-syllable names.19. Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the passage?A. The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.B. The theme of 2008 Beijing Olympics One World, One Dream.C. The significance of five 2008 Olympic mascots the Five Friendlies.D. How the Five Fantastic Mascots came into being.20. What do the five mascots the Five Friendlies represent?A. “Beijing Huanying Ni,” or, in English, “Welcome to Beijing.”B. Chinese multi-ethnic cultures, philosophy of harmony between humans and nature and five elements of nature.C. Chinese peoples hope for peace and friendship in the world and the spirit of the Olympics.D. The deep desire of the Chinese people to reach out to the world in friendship through the Olympics. 全解全析本文主要讲述了北京2008年奥运会吉祥物的内在含义。D. 细节理解题。文章末段首句提到了北京奥运会的主题。A. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可以得知吉祥物设计组组长韩美林给予北京奥运会吉祥物高度评价。B. 细节理解题。利用排除法，由文章第二段第三句话可知B项中的YingYing应为HuanHuan。C. 主旨大意题。纵观全文，不难归纳出文章主要介绍了北京2008年奥运会的吉祥物的含义。B. 推理判断题。文章第三、五段主要讲述了吉祥物的象征意义。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary(当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.1. The author believes that the population explosion results from _.A. an increase in birthrates B. the industrial developmentC. a decrease in death ratesD. human beings cultural advances 2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _.A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not workB. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvationC. old people were given the task of imparting the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generationsD. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of the hardships of life 3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true?A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough.B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement.C. When they reach a certain age, compulsory retirement is necessary and beneficial.D. With the growing inflation, they must suffer more from unbearable burdens than ever.4. The phrase “this need” in paragraph 3 refers to _. A. prolonging the dying old peoples livesB. reducing the problems caused by the retired peopleC. making profits through caring for the sick or weak peopleD. taking care of the sick or weak people5. Which of the following best describes the authors attitude toward most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals?A. Sympathetic. B. Approving. C. Optimistic. D. Critical. 全解全析 CBADD 本文分析了人口增长的真正原因及美国的老年人问题。1. C。细节题。根据文章第 1 段最后一句 it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion 可推知此题答案为 C。2. B。推断题。根据文章第 2 段第 4 句 infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child可推知此题答案为 B。3. A。细节题。根据文章第 2 段倒数第 2 句In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty 可推知此题答案为 A。4. D。推断题。根据其上文 there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person 可推知此题答案为 D。5. D。推断题。根据文章最后一句 most of them are simply “dumping grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel 可推知此题答案为 D。阅读理解Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environments.For example，the end of the last Ice Age，beginning about 15,000 years ago，brought an enormous challenge to which humans had to adapt.Before this time，large parts of the northern hemisphere were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much of the earths water.In North America，large animals that roamed the vast tundra provided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters.When the earth became warm，large Ice Age animals disappeared，and many land areas were submerged by rising sea levels from melting ice.But people survived.They developed new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animal species.Finally some people settled into permanent villages，durable houses and farms.Cultural adaptation has made humans one of the most successful species on the planet.Through history，major developments in technology，medicine，and nutrition have allowed people to reproduce and survive in everincreasing numbers.The global population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to about 6 billion today.However，the successes of culture can also create problems in the long run.Over the last 200 years，people have begun to use large quantities of natural resources and energy and to produce a great amount of material and chemical wastes.The global population now consumes some crucial natural resourcessuch as petroleum，wood，and mineral oresfaster than nature can produce them.Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways.Thus，the adaptive success of the presentday global culture of production and commerce may be temporary.