主谓一致专题.doc

主谓一致专题 一、概念：谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。A. 语法一致 语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。The number of students in our school is 1,700.My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.B. 意义一致 意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。a.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。The crowd _ runing for their lives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。b.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。The news is very exciting.形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。C. 就近原则 就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时，谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。 a.由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.b.在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. c. as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. d. 以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you.二其他情况的主谓一致（1）名词作主语某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 My family is going out for a trip.The whole family are watching TV.这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。 My uncles is not for from here.常见的省略名词有the bakers 、the barbars、the Zhangs等。表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：Richardsons have a lot of old goods to sell.当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。Thirty years has passed. Five minutes is enough to finish the task.不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.如果主语有more than one 或many a 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one student has seen the play.Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.但是，“more + 复数名词 + than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes was on the desk.this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语动词；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind/sort are dangerous.复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有 a、such a、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。(11)如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。All of my students work hard. All of the oil is gone.(12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs an oil painting.(hang)（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语用and或both and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truth and honesty is the best policy.To love and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.当主语后面跟有as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to等引导的词组时，采取“就远原则”。以or、either or、neigher nor、not only but also等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。（3）代词作主语名词型物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our Party) is a great Party.Your shoes are white, mine (= my shoes) are black.such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such is our plan. Such are his last words.关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。 Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.Who lives next door? It is Wang and Li.不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Now all has been changed. All are present.（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has(have) seen the film.（4）数词、量词作主语“分数或百分数 +名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如：Lots of damage was caused by flood.A number of students have gone to the countryside.A large quantity of people is needed here.Quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table.a great deal of、a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.(be)(5)名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由“the + 形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown、the beautiful等。（6）从句作主语。由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。What we need is more money.What we need are more people/teachers.在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有the only则用单数形式。This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.She is the only one of the girls who is late for class today.（7）不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；There be句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。 There is a book, two pens on the desk.There are two pens, a book on the desk.一单项选择1（石家庄二中2011届高三一模）Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _ to ten Hope Schools in South ChinaAwere sent Bwas sentChave sent Dhad been sent2.（2011河北正定中学第一次月考）It is you, rather than he, thatfor the accidentAis to blameBare to blame Cis blameDare blame3.（2011广西玉林、南宁二中9月联考）Between the two mountains the factory where my father used to work.AstandBstandsCto standDstanding4.（2011浙江温州八校返校联考）Chen Fang , as well as his two colleagues, _ for a trip to Tibet in a monthAgoes Bgo Cis going Dare going5.（2011四川绵阳中学第一次月考） Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books _ to Zhouqu since the mud-rock flow occurred.A. has been offered B. have been offeredC. are offered D. is being offered6.（2011四川成都市摸底）Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centers of the USA right now.AisBareChas beenDhave been7.（2011湖南雅礼中学第一次月考）More than one student in our class _ to Shanghai Expo. Ahas beenBhave beenCisDare8.（2011江西南昌一中第一次月考）More than _ of the classmates in my class _ fond of pop musicAtwo-third, is Btwo-thirds, is Csecond-third, are Dtwo-thirds, are9.（2011福建福州三中第一次月考）The teacher together with the students discussing Writing skills that newly published in America.Aare; wereBare; wasCis; wasDis; were10.（2011福建福州三中第一次月考）One third of the deer by the wolves last night.Awas eatenBis eatenCwere eatenDare eaten11.（2011安徽卷）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were 12.(2011湖南卷)One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 13.（10湖南）Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have14. （陕西省镇安中学2010届高三上学期第三次月考）In fact, not only Mary and I but also Jane_ having one exam after another.A. Is tired with B. are tired with C. is tired of D. are tired of 15. （河南省驻马店高中2010届高三摸底考试）Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be16. （辽宁省抚顺一中2010届高三12月月考）An average of 200 letters a week _ received by the newspapers offer. Such _ the case with us at present. A. are; is B. has been; has been C. have been; is D. is; are17. （江西省九江一中2010届高三上学期第四次月考）Butter and bread _their daily food, but the bread and the butter _ up now.A. is; is eatenB. are; have been eatenC. are; are eatenD. is; have been eaten18（山东省兖州市2010届高三英语模块检测）Its said that the team twelve top European playersAconsists of Bis consisted ofCare made up of Dmake up of19（湖南省株洲市二中2010届高三上学期第二次月考）Sixty miles _ in a single night, so they were exhausted.A. is covered B. was covered C. are covered D. has covered20. （辽宁省沈阳二十中2010届高三上学期第一次月考）_ an English-Chinese dictionary.A. The students each have B. The students each hasC. Each the students has D. Each of the students have二易错题1.(09山东25)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 答案 C 解析 本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。2.(06江苏34)A poet and artistcoming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were答案 A解析 此题考查主谓一致的用法。由时间状语“tomorrow afternoon”判断，此处应用现在进行时表将来，故排除C、D两项。“a poet and artist”指一位诗人兼画家，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。3.（10全国）.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn答案：B解析：考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of .为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选A4.(07陕西9)As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area.A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairingD.need to repair答案 A解析 本题考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。分数、百分数修饰名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，此处two-thirds修饰buildings，故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings ，排除B、C两项，need doing=need to be done意为“需要被做”。5. (07湖南30)We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeksso small that a day is unimportant.A.isB.areC.has beenD.have been答案 A解析 句意为:几天和几周的时间是如此的渺小，以致于一天根本微不足道。本句用来陈述事实，用一般现在时态；空白处所在句子的主语是the time，谓语动词应用单数形式。三填空题1. The Tuners _ (be) at home when I dropped in.2. Here _ (be) some envelops and papers for you.3. The singer and dancer _ (arrive) already.4. Most of the wood _ (use) to make furniture.5. The father as well as the kids _ (enjoy) listening to pop music.6. A number of foreigners _ (like) to buy Chinese works of art.7. This is one of the seven wonders in the world that _ (be) worth visiting.8. Two hours _ (be) a long time to take over a coffee.9. Neither you nor he _ (finish) the experime