高中英语复习 Unit 4 Earthquakes课件 新人教版必修1.ppt

Unit4Earthquakes,知识清单,(一)基本单词1._vi.爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发2._v.破坏；毁坏；消灭3._v.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊4._n.爆发e.g.Therewasaburstinthewaterpipe.,OnseeingJayChouappearonthestage,theaudience_cheering.burstinB.burstintoC.burstonD.burstout,2.ruinn.U毁坏;毁灭;崩溃n.C(pl.)废墟;遗迹v.(使)破产;(使)堕落;毁灭【教材原句】Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒钟内,一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。,【归纳】inruins严重受损；破败不堪fallin/intoruin灭亡；荒废bring.toruin使毁灭;使没落go/etoruin毁灭；落空ruinoneself毁掉自己ruinoneshealth/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉,ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义；destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味；damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。,ruindestroydamage,用以上单词完成句子。1)Therainforestsarebeing_atafrighteningrate.2)Manybuildingswerebadly_duringthewar.3)Herinjury_herchancesofwinningtherace.,destroyed,damaged,ruined,3.injurevt.损害;伤害【教材原句】Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。,【拓展】injuredadj.受伤的theinjured伤员injuryn.伤;伤口;伤害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.伤害某人,injure多指意外事故中受伤，也可指健康、名誉、感情等的伤害；hurt常指伴有强烈疼痛的创伤，也可指别人的言行给某人的情感造成无意的、较小的伤害；hurt比injure更为通俗，injure比hurt语气强。,injurehurtwoundharm,wound常指有意的伤害，尤其指在战斗或攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，wound也可指对感情上的伤害；harm用于表示精神或肉体上的伤害均可，有时也可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。,用以上单词完成句子。1)Angus_hislegplayingfootballyesterday.2)Gunmenkilledtwopeopleand_sixothersinanattacktoday.3)Ihavenever_anyone.4)It_mewhenyoutalklikethat.,injured,wounded,harmed,hurts,4.shockv.(使)震惊;震动n.休克;打击;震惊【教材原句】Peopleshocked.人们惊呆了。,【归纳】beshockedat.对感到震惊beshockedtodosth.做某事很震惊beshockedthat.对很震惊,5.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心；插入；刺入【教材原句】Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.部队人员组成小分队,将受困的人们挖出来,将死者掩埋。,【归纳】buryoneselfinsth.使陷入；埋头(工作、学习)beburiedin(doing)sth.专心致志于某事beburiedinthought在沉思中buryin=put(sb./sth.)into(agrave,earth)把埋入,6.judgev.判定；判断n.裁判员；法官【教材原句】Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲,他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。,【归纳】judgingfrom/by从上看，根据判断asfarasIcanjudge据我判断，我认为judgesb./sth.from/by.从来判断【提醒】judgingfrom/by“从上看,根据来判断”。句首时,为独立成分,不受句子主语和时态影响,只用现在分词作状语。,短语,1.atanend终结;结束【教材原句】Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界似乎到了末日。,【拓展】attheendof在尽头;在末端etoanend结束makeendsmeet使收支相抵;量入为出,bytheendof到结束时；到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)bringsth.toanend使某事结束，终止intheend最后；终于；最终endup结束；告终,2.digout挖掘出;发现;翻找出【教材原句】Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.部队人员组成小分队,将受困的人们挖出来,将死者掩埋。,【拓展】diginto调查;钻研;通过翻土把掺入土壤digup挖出;掘出;发现;揭露digforsth.挖寻某物,3.agreatnumberof许多;大量的【教材原句】Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.那么多人丧生是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。,agreat/largenumberofagreat/goodmanyquiteafew/agoodfew,+可数名词复数,manyamorethanone,+单数可数名词+单数谓语动词,【归纳】,【拓展】,agreat/gooddealofagreat/largeamountofquitealittle,+不可数名词,alot/lotsofagreat/largequantityoflargequantitiesof,+可数名词复数或不可数名词,1.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界似乎到了末日。Itseemsasif/asthough.似乎是asif/asthough引导的是表语从句,从句中可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。,句式,【提示】如果asif/asthough引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，且主/从句中主语相同，可省略从句主语和系动词，asif后就只剩下名词/不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语或分词形式。,2.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上万个家庭遇难,许多孩子变成了孤儿。manychildrenwereleftwithoutparents为被动语态,withoutparents为主语补足语,表主语的状态。句中leave表示使某人或某物处于某种状态。,3.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。表示部分否定的句型:all.not.=notall.并非所有的都,1)all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,pletely,always,whole,entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。,2)no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolonger,noway等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。,定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose等）和关系副词(where,when,why等)。,语法,定语从句关系代词,1.关系代词that与which定语从句中,关系代词that既可指人也可指物；which一般用于指物。e.g.Mycousinisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthat/whicharebuiltclosetoeachother.Parentsshouldpayattentiontothebookswhich/thattheirkidsread.,通常使用that引导定语从句的情况：先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little，none等不定代词或先行词被only,few,little,no,all,every,very修饰时。e.g.Dontbelieveeverythingthathetellsyou.Allthepresentsthatyourfriendsgiveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.,当先行词同时包括人和物时。e.g.Thentheytalkedofthepersonsandthingsthatinterestedthem.当先行词前有序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。e.g.Thefirstthingthatmustbedonenowistoputupatent.MountHuangshanisoneofthemostbeautifulmountainsinChinathatIveevervisited.,2.关系代词who与whomwho指人，主格，作主语，一般可用that替换；whom指人，宾格，作宾语，非正式文体中可用who/that替换，也可省略。e.g.Themanwho/thatspoketotheheadmasterjustnowisourphysicsteacher.Thewoman(who/whom/that)wemetattheschoolgateisWeiFangsmother.,3.关系代词whosewhose是who的所有格，作定语，起限定作用。whose引导定语从句时，先行词可以是人，也可以是物。e.g.Thisisthefamousdoctorwhosedaughterteachesinourschool.Wouldyoupleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisblue?,用正确的关系代词填空。1)Thisisthevillage_Ievervisitedlastyear.2)Iwillalwaysrememberthedays_Ispentwithmygrandmother.3)Iwillneverforgettheboy_everhelpedme.4)Mr.Smithlivesintheroom_doorisgreen.5)Thisisthebestmovie_wehaveseenthisyear.,that/which,that/which,who/that,whose,that,新闻报道是对最近发生的事实的报道。【新闻报道五要素】写新闻报道时，要交代清楚新闻的五要素，五个“W”：事件（What）、人物（Who）、时间（When）、地点（Where）和原因（Why）。有时还要写明“H”（How）。,写作,如何用英语写新闻报道,【新闻报道的构成】新闻报道一般分为四个部分：标题、导语、正文、结语。1.标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值的内容所做的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。撰写标题是为了获取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。英语新闻标题常用一般现在时，以增强报道的新鲜感、现实感和直接感。,2.导语一般置于报道开头，作用是吸引读者的注意力，因此要求导语能高度概括文章内容，让读者一看就能了解整篇报道。新闻导语常用一句话描述主要的事实。,3.正文是新闻报道的主要部分，它用充足的事实展现主题，对导语内容的进一步阐释。既要简洁，又要生动。,同时应注意：避免使用被动语态，多用富含行为动词的陈述句。要简洁生动，省去不必要的词汇。抓住显著的细节进行深入描写。语法正确。作为一种媒体写作应特别讲究语法的准确性，以免产生不好的影响。要确保句子的完整性，主谓一致，形容词、副词、虚拟语气及从句等的使用要恰当。,4.结语一般是最后一句或最后一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，或对新闻事件的发展趋势作出预测。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问题。,【写作任务】5月25日，你校学生会组织了为西藏地震灾区捐款的活动。同学们踊跃参加，共筹得善款35000元。假如你是校英语报的记者李华，请按以下要点用英语写一则新闻报道。1.时间、地点、任务、活动；2.同学们的反应。,注意：1.词数100左右；2.报道的标题和记者姓名已给出(不计入总词数)；3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。StudentsDonateMoneytoDisasterArea_,【参考范文】StudentsDonateMoneytoDisasterAreaOnMay25,anactivitytodonatemoneytothedisasterareainTibetwasheldbytheStudentsUnioninourschool.Asweknow,abigearthquakehitNepalonApril25.AndsomehousesinTibet,whichisclosetoNepal,weredestroyedintheaccident.,Therefore,toshowourconcerntothevictims,allofthestudentsinourschooltookpartinthedonationactivityheldinourlibrary.Itstartedfromeightoclockandlastedtwohours.Intheend,35,000yuanwascollectedandgiventotheRedCrossinourcity.Wewereverygladtogiveourpocketmoneyaway.ByLiHua,SchoolNewspaper,高考链接,1.Ilivenextdoortoacouple_childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016年北京卷)A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which这是一个定语从句。先行词是acouple，后面的定语从句中名词children前面缺少定语修饰，所以使用关系代词whose引导起这个定语从句，并在句中做定语。BCD三项通常都不能在定语从句中做定语的。Whosechildren相当于thechildrenofwhom。,A,2.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof_hasbeenproved.(2016年江苏卷)A.whomB.whichC.whatD.that句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。这是定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。,B,2.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,_livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.（2016年全国III卷）非限定从中缺主语，且先行词是Confucius,指人，故用who。,who,巩固练习,I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Wetriedallsortsofmedicinebuttheywereall_(use).2.Goandplayfootballifyoulike,butdontget_(dirt)!3.Thesenegotiationswillbe_(extreme)difficultforthepany.,useless,dirty,extremely,4.Thenewspaper_(report)wroteanaccountoftheaccidentforthenewspaper.5.Shewas_(frighten)thattheplanewouldcrash.6.Weofferedour_(congratulate)toPatonwinningthesingingcontest.,reporter,frightened,congratulations,II.选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。1.Wevegotten_contributionsforthecampaign.2.Hewasshakingwithfright_hehadseensomethingfrightening.,digout,inruins,agreatnumberof,atanend,asif,rightaway,agreatnumberof,asif,3.Itseemedthattheworldwas_whenhelearnedthatallhissavingsweregone.4.Justwaitafewminutes.Wellbeback_.5.Morethanadozenpeople_oftheruinsaliveaftertheearthquake.6.Thewholecitylay_aftertheearthquake.,digout,inruins,agreatnumberof,atanend,asif,rightaway,atanend,rightaway,weredugout,inruins,III.用适当的介词填空。1.Imusttakenonoticeoftheirpolitenessorkindnesswhichwasdesignedtotrapme_givinginformation.2.Youllneversolveyourproblemsifyoujustburyyourhead_thesandyouhavetofacethem.3.Thehighfencegivesussomeshelter_thewind.,into,in,from,4.Yourescuedme_anembarrassingsituation.5.Peoplelivinginthetrack_thehurricanehavebeenadvisedtoleavetheirhomesuntilithaspassed.6.Nancyburst_tearswhensheheardthebadnews.,from,of,into,IV.用适当的关系词填空。Areyouthekindofperson1._alwayswondershowthingswork?Areyouabrightyoungmind2._dreamistochangetheworld?IsScienceyourbestsubjectinschool?Thenthereisnoreason3._youshouldntmakeacareeroutofit.Scientistsareveryimportant!,who/that,whose,why/that,Theyaretheones4._helpsavelives,protecttheenvironmentandimproveourwayoflife.So,takecourseslikePhysics,ChemistryandBiologyinschoolsothatyouwillhavemorecareeroptionsinthefuture.Therewillbemanyemployers5._willwanttomakeuseofyournewskills.Youcanfindoutmoreabouttheones6._interestyoufromyourstudentcounselor.,who/that,who/that,which/that,JustdropbytheirofficewhenyouhavesomefreetimetolearnmoreaboutcareersinScience.Andrememberther