六市2018届高三英语第一次联考（一模）试题（含解析）.docx

河南省六市2018届高三第一次联考（一模）英语试题注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。在听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Where is the woman going this afternoon?A. The beach.B. The job center.C. The shopping mall2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At the railway station.B. On the train.C. On a bridge.3. How long does David stay abroad in all?A. 9 days.B. 11 days.C. 16 days.4. What is the man doing?A. Making a callB. Making a visit.C. Making an appointment.5. What does the woman think of the science museum?A. Exciting.B. Tiring.C. Boring.第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What does the woman say about the restaurant?A. The food is not fresh.B. The price is reasonable.C. The meat tastes best.7. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Try the cherry pie.B. Try his favorite meat.C. Eat less vegetables.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. What is probably the woman?A. A writer.B. A reporter.C. A tour guide.9. What is on the mans right?A. A statue.B. A park.C. A palace.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What does the man consider first when choosing a suitcase?A. Its brand and material.B. Its size and style.C. Its price and color.11. What does the woman say about the wallet?A. Its on sale these days.B. Its made of real leatherC. Its popular and can be folded.12. How much will the man pay for what he has bought in total?A. 580 yuan,B. 620 yuan.C. 700 yuan.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What do we know about the woman?A. She lives close to the office.B. She is new to the company.C. She likes the big kitchen.14. How does the man go to work?A. By bus.B. On foot.C. By car.15. Why was Susan late for work?A. She missed the bus.B. Her train was late.C. Her car broke down.16. What will the man do?A. Visit the woman in her flat.B. Go to work by train.C. Leave home earlier.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Whose pet dog was it in 1918?A.A soldiers.B. A doctors.C. Dorothys.18. Where did Dorothy go to learn about the guide dog?A. Germany.B. America.C. England.19. How long does it take to train a little dog to be a guide dog?A. Four months.B. Fourteen months.C. Over two years.20. What will the listeners do next?A. Teach dogs to be guides.B. Introduce their pet dogs.C. Continue visiting the center.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe following are advertisements for books from A. If you are interested in one of them, you can contact us. Surely, youll find every penny of yours is worth it, because they are all best sellers.The Silent Wife: An emotional page turner with a twist that will take your breath awayFeb 24, 2017 by Kerry FisherPaperback$6. 64 save you $4.35FREE Shipping on qualified ordersIn stockMake Your Bed: Little Things That Can Change Your life. And Maybe the World Apr 4, 2017 by William H. McRavenHardcover$10.40 save you $7.6FREE Shipping on qualified ordersMore Buying Choices $6.16.Furiously Happy: A Funny Book About Horrible ThingsFeb 7, 2017 by Jenny LawsonPaperback$5.95 save you$10.04FREE Shipping on qualified ordersMore Buying Choices $5.52Hardcover$15.19 save you $11.80FREE Shipping on qualified ordersMagpie Murders: A Novel: this brilliant, attractive thriller weaves a classic mystery story worthy of Agatha Christie into an original modern-day mystery.Mar 27, 2018 by Anthony HorowitzPaperback$11.59 save you $5.4FREE Shipping on qualified ordersAvailable for pre-order. This item will be released on March 27, 2018.1. Which of the following books save you the most?A. Furiously HappyB. Make Your BedC. The Silent WifeD. Magpie Murders2. Which of the following books can be ordered in advance?A. The Silent WifeB. Make Your BedC. Furiously HappyD. Magpie Murders3. What do all the books have in common?A. They are all best sellers of the same year.B. They all have hardcover and paperback.C. They are all mystery stories.D. They all have discounted prices.【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D【解析】本文是亚马逊网站的书籍广告，介绍了几本畅销书的详细情况。1. A细节推理题。根据文中依次顺序$6. 64 save you $4.35，$10.40 save you $7.6，$5.95 save you$10.04，$11.59 save you $5.4等信息可知$5.95 save you$10.04是省钱最多的，该书是Furiously Happy，故选A.2. D细节推理题。根据Magpie Murders中最后Available for pre-order.可知这本书可以提前预定，故选D.3. D细节推理题。根据每本书中的$6. 64 save you $4.35，$10.40 save you $7.6，$5.95 save you $10.04，$11.59 save you $5.4等信息可知这几本书共同的特点是都是打折价格，故选D.【名师点睛】细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；本文是亚马逊网站的书籍广告，介绍了几本畅销书的详细情况。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实； 3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1考查哪本书最省钱，根据文中依次顺序$6. 64 save you $4.35，$10.40 save you $7.6，$5.95 save you$10.04，$11.59 save you $5.4等信息可知$5.95 save you$10.04是省钱最多的，该书是Furiously Happy.小题2考查哪本书可以提前预定，根据Magpie Murders中最后Available for pre-order.可知这本书可以提前预定。小题3考查几本书的共同点，根据每本书中的$6. 64 save you $4.35，$10.40 save you $7.6，$5.95 save you $10.04，$11.59 save you $5.4等信息可知这几本书共同的特点是都是打折价格。BIn the fall of 1988, I visited many Buddhist temples, but after a while they all began to fade from my memories. However, there was one temple that left a great impression in my heart.It is called the Temple of the Golden Buddha. After walking around it and taking some photos, I walked over to a glass case, next to which was a typewritten page describing the history of this magnificent piece of art.Back in 1957 a group of monks from a monastery(修道院) had to relocate a clay Buddha from their temple to a new location. The monastery was to be relocated to make room for the development of a highway. When the crane(吊车)began to lift it, the weight of was so large that it began to crack. Whats more, rain began to fall, The head monk decided to lower the statue back to the ground and cover it with a large oilcloth to protect it from the rain.Later that evening the head monk went to check on the Buddha. He shined his flash- light under the oilcloth to see if the Buddha was staying dry. As the light reached the crack, he noticed a little beam shining back and thought it strange. As he took a closer look at this beam of light, he wondered if there might be something underneath the clay. He went to fetch a chisel and hammer from the monastery and began to chip away at the clay. As he knocked off pieces of clay, the little beam grew brighter and bigger. Many hours of labor went by before the monk stood face to face with the extraordinary solid-gold Buddha.Historians believe that several hundred years before the head monks discovery, the army was about to invade the country. The monks, realizing that their country would soon be attacked, covered their precious golden Buddha with an outer covering of clay in order to keep their treasure from being robbed by the enemy.Unfortunately, it appears that the enemy killed all the monks, and the well-kept secret of the golden Buddha remained uncovered until the day in 1957.As I flew home I began to think to myself, “We are all like the clay Buddha covered with a shell of hardness created out of fear, and yet underneath each of us is a golden Buddha, agolden Christ, or a golden spirit, which is our real self. Somewhere along the way, between the ages of two and nine, we begin to cover up our golden spirit, our natural self. Much like the monk with the hammer and the chisel, our task now is to discover our true spirit once again.”4. What made the monks cover the Buddha with a large oilcloth?A. Hiding it from being stolen.B. Protecting it from the rain.C. Protecting it from being damaged.D. Avoiding being seen.5. Why was the author greatly impressed by the golden Buddha?A. Because he likes it very much.B. Because it differs from others.C. Because of its history.D. Because of the protection of the monk.6. What might be the best title of the passage?A. Visiting Buddhist TemplesB. The Golden BuddhaC. Protecting Their CountryD. Relocating the Buddha7. What advice is given to us according to the passage?A. Covering up ourselves.B. Finding the truth.C. Discovering our true spirit.D. Building up our belief.【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C【解析】作者通过讲述Temple of the Golden Buddha中金佛不同寻常的历史，说明我们都像被一层坚硬的外壳覆盖着的泥佛，要发现自己真正的金色。4. B细节推理题。根据第三段最后The head monk decided to lower the statue back to the ground and cover it with a large oilcloth to protect it from the rain.可知修道士们在Buddha上盖上一块大油布是为了保护佛像不受雨淋，故选B.5. C细节推理题。根据第二段I walked over to a glass case, next to which was a typewritten page describing the history of this magnificent piece of art.及下文的具体介绍可知，这个金佛给作者留下深刻印象是因为他的不寻常的历史，故选C.6. B主旨大意题。作者通过讲述Temple of the Golden Buddha中金佛由于被保护涂上一层粘土，经雨淋露出本来面目不同寻常的历史，说明我们都像被一层坚硬的外壳覆盖着的泥佛，要发现自己真正的金色。The Golden Buddha贯穿全文，适合作为标题。故选B.7. C细节推理题。根据文章最后our task now is to discover our true spirit once again可知作者建议我们要发现自己真正的精神，故选C.CTo make room for agriculture, trees and other plants are often cleared away so that farmers have space to grow crops. The clearing of forests forces many animals from their homes. They often flee the area in search of a new place to live. There is a big downside to that. Some of those animals are natural predators. They control pest populations. They can help to clear the fields of rats, mice, and other rodents that eat and damage crops.This happened at one small farming village in Indonesia. After land was cleared for farming, rats and mice began appearing in large numbers. Villagers tried to target the animals by smoking them out and hunting them. But the villagers were unsuccessful.So, one farmer decided to try another method- a natural one.Pujo Arto brought owls to his farm. Owls, after all, are experts at hunting rodents. It is what they do. And it worked! However, Pujo Arto didnt stop with his own field. He set up a Natural Predator Program. Now, owls are busy catching rats and mice in the fields around the village of Tlogoweru. There is a huge upside: no need for chemical pesticides which can harm not only rodents, but other creatures.In 2011, the Indonesian man began setting up boxes where the owls live. He is also raising owlets in the village. After about four months, the young birds are released. These facilities have raised more than owls. They have also raised awareness in the community about the importance of owls. They raised awareness within their community by building homes for those owls. At the same time, government officials helped to create laws to protect those owls.In addition to controlling pests naturally, there is another upside to the program. His village is now a popular stop for eco-tourists. People interested in learning more about owls, wildlife protection and natural pest control come to his village to learn more.8. Why did the owls get away from the land around the village?A. There was no food to eat.B. There were too many rats and mice.C. They were smoked away.D. They had no place to live.9. Natural Predator Program is .A. to use owls to catch the crop-damaging rodentsB. to attract eco-tourists to the villageC. to raise awareness of protecting forestsD. to control pests by using chemical pesticides10. Which of the following is the right order according to the passage?a. introducing owlsb. pests being controlled naturallyc. rodents appearing in large numbers.d. clearing forestsA. abcdB. bcdaC. dcabD. dabc11. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of protecting owls.B. Indonesian village uses owls to protect crops.C. The advantages of using natural predators in agriculture.D. The governments role in using owls to control pests.【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B【解析】文章讲述了印度尼西亚一个村庄里实施自然捕食者计划，利用猫头鹰消灭啮齿类害虫的故事，说明了生态控制害虫的好处。8. D9. A推理判断题。根据第四段He set up a Natural Predator Program. Now, owls are busy catching rats and mice in the fields around the village of Tlogoweru.可知自然捕食者计划指的是借助猫头鹰来捕杀老鼠等破坏庄稼的啮齿类动物，故选A.10. C推理判断题。根据文章内容可知为了发展农业人们砍伐树木，啮齿类动物猖獗破坏庄稼，引进啮齿类动物的天敌猫头鹰，害虫被自然控制。根据发生的先后顺序，故选C.11. B主旨大意题。文章讲述了印度尼西亚一个村庄里实施自然捕食者计划，利用猫头鹰消灭啮齿类害虫的故事，说明了生态控制害虫的好处。故选B.DPreparing for the Next Pandemic(大流行病)Influenza pandemics have historically taken the world by surprise, giving health services little time to prepare for the abrupt increases in cases and deaths that characterize these events and make them so disruptive. Since late 2003, the world has moved closer to a pandemic than at any time since 1968, when the last of the previous centurys three pandemics occurred.While neither the timing nor the severity of the next pandemic can be predicted, evidence that the virus is now endemic in bird populations means that the present level of risk will not be easily diminished.The advance warning has brought an unheard-of opportunity to prepare for a pandemic and develop ways to mitigate its effects.More countries now have pandemic preparedness plans: around one fifth of the worlds countries have some form of a response plan, but these vary greatly in comprehensiveness and stage of completion.Access to antiviral drugs and, more importantly, to vaccines(疫苗) remains a challenging problem because of limited manufacturing capacity as well as costs.The risk that a pandemic virus will emerge depends on opportunities for human exposure and infections. These opportunities will persist as long as the H5NI virus continues to circulate in animals. Control of the disease in animals is the main way to reduce opportunities for human infection and thus reduce opportunities for a pandemic virus to emerge.While neither the timing nor the severity of the next pandemic can be predicted, history shows that these events consistently bring an explosive increase in the number of illnesses and deaths sufficient to temporarily paralyse public services and economic productivity.12. From the first paragraph we know .A. There were three pandemics in the world last century.B. At least three pandemics occurred to the world last century.C. We are not sure how many pandemics there were in the world last century.D. We are sure there were four pandemics in the world last century.13. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the third paragraph probably mean?A. Increase.B. Reduce.C. Evaluate.D. Predict.14. According to the author, how do we prevent the next pandemic?A. To produce antiviral drugs.B. To produce vaccines.C. To control the disease.D. To get rid of the H5N1 virus.15. Whats the authors attitude to the next pandemic?A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Considerate.D. Objective.【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D【解析】文中作者客观地介绍了流感大流行对世界造成的巨大破坏，其诱发原因和控制方式。12. A细节推理题。根据第一段when the last of the previous centurys three pandemics occurred.可知在上个世纪发生了3次流行病，故选A.13. B猜测词义题。此处指预警已经带来了一种前所未有的机会来为大流行做准备，并开发减轻其影响的方法。“mitigate”意为减轻，缓解，与reduce同义，故选B.14. C细节推理题。根据倒数第二段Control of the disease in animals is the main way to reduce opportunities for human infection and thus reduce opportunities for a pandemic virus to emerge.可知作者认为控制动物疾病是减少人类感染机会的主要途径，从而减少大流行病毒出现的机会。故选C.15. D推理判断题。根据最后两段Control of the disease in animals is the main way to reduce opportunities for human infection和history shows that these events consistently bring an explosive increase in the number of illnesses and deaths sufficient to temporarily paralyse public services and economic productivity.作者介绍了控制疾病大流行的方法和疾病对公共服务和经济生产力和死亡人数的巨大影响，由此可见作者是客观地叙述情况，故选D.【名师点睛】推理判断题的常见考查形式及解题方法：推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。US City Bans Texting while WalkingParents usually teach their children how to cross the street safely, by looking both ways for cars. But do they also teach them to put away their cell phones?The city of Honolulu, Hawaii wants everyone to learn that lesson._16_Beginning on October 24, you could be fined from $15 to $99 if you step into a Honolulu street while looking at your phone. Honolulu is the first major U. S city to ban what is called “distracted(分散注意) walking.” it recently passed a law in a seven to two vote. The law says: “No pedestrian shall cross a street or highway while viewing a mobile electronic device.”_17_The laws creators hope it will lower the number of people hit and killed by cars in the city, Mayor Kirk Caldwell told Reuters news agency, “We hold the unfortunate distinction (区别) of being a major city with more pedestrians being hit in crosswalks, particularly our elders, than almost any other city in the country.”The law includes all electronic devices with screens: cell phones, tables, gaming devices, digital cameras and laptop computers,_18_Pedestrians may use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such as firefighters and police officers._19_The Governors Highway Safety Association, or GHSA, says pedestrian deaths in the United States increase 25 percent between 2010 and 2015. That trend continued in 2016 with the number of pedestrian deaths rising to almost 6000, 11% higher than in 2015.If you still want to text while wal