2018届高考英语一轮复习Unit1Art单元知识新人教版.docx

Unit 1 Art 1. faith n. 信任；信心；信念；信仰Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.艺术受风俗和人们信仰的影响。 have faith in 信赖；对有信心【常见搭配】 lose faith in 失去对的信任 in good faith 真诚，诚心诚意I have great faith in her. She wont let me down.我对她很有信心，她不会让我失望的。The public have lost faith in what the government is doing. 公众对政府的所作所为失去了信心。【归纳拓展】faithful adj. 不忠诚的；无信仰的；不可依赖的，不可靠的be faithful to对忠实的【易混辨析】faith，belief与trust 易混词辨析例句faith语气较强，指认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信。通常指充满感情的信任。I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。belief普通用词，指主观上的相信，不着重这种相信是否有根据。He has great belief in that doctor.他对那位医生无比信赖。trust信赖，含有坚定的信念之意。强调相信、信任的完全可靠。A good marriage is based on trust.信任是良好婚姻的基础。【巧学妙记】Have faith in yourself，be faithful to your work and faithfully live up to your promise and then you are sure to succeed.对自己有信心，忠实于你的工作并且忠实地履行你的诺言，那么你就一定能成功。【跟踪典例】翻译句子我们必须信任自己。(faith)_我对那个男孩失去了信心，不再相信他了。(fatih)_她一直忠于自己的祖国。(faithful)_【答案】We must have faith in ourselves.I have lost faith in that boy, and I can no longer trust him.She is always faithful to her country. 2. aim aimless 无目标的During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.在中世纪，画家的主要目的是呈现宗教主题。n. 目标；目的；瞄准 achieve ones aim 达到某人的目的【常见搭配】 take aim at 向瞄准 without aim 漫无目的地 with the aim of. 意在 The aim of the meeting was to reach an agreement about next years price. 会议的目标是就明年的价格达成协议。 He started to learn English with the aim of going abroad. 他开始学英语，目的是出国。 Take careful aim at the target before firing. 开火之前仔细瞄准目标。v. 瞄准；目的是，旨在【常见搭配】 aim at doing sth. 目的在于做某事 aim to do sth. aim at sth. 瞄准；致力于（=aim for sth.） be aimed at 目的是；目标是I aimed at the door but hit the window. 我对准门射击，不料打中了窗户。The factory must aim at increased production/aim for an increase in production.工厂必须把增加产量作为目标。He aims to be a successful writer. 他的目标是成为一名成功的作家。【跟踪典例】 单项填空/完成句子The project of the underground _ improving the transport of the city began in the early 1980s.A. aimed toB. aimed atC. aiming toD. to aim at做这个研究的目的是关注经济趋势Research is being done _ monitoring economic trends. (aim)我的目标是暑假前减掉四公斤肉。I _ 4kg before the summer holidays.【答案】 3. typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；特有的A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.这一时期有代表性的画充满着宗教色彩，体现了对上帝敬重和爱戴的情感。【常见搭配】be typical of sth.具有的典型特征；是典型的It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人一向He is a typical pupil，who is like most of the other pupils. 他是一个有代表性的学生，和大多数其他学生一样。Its typical of her to be(be)rude to people. 她这个人就是总对人无礼。【跟踪典例】 （1）单项填空We are all _ individuals. Those who may work for me may not work for you.zxx*kA. normalB. averageC. uniqueD. typicalThe woman she acted in the film is _ the women in the 1930s.A. typical ofB. conventional ofC. impressive ofD. consistent of（2）完成句子他这人就是爱忘事。 It is to forget. (typical)这幅画是他早期的代表作。 This painting is his early works.【答案】（1）A【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：她在电影中扮演的女人是典型的20世纪30年代的女性。typical典型的；conventional传统的，惯例的；impressive印象深刻的；consistent一致的。故选A。zxx*k（2）typical of himtypical of 4.adopt People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. 人们对宗教主题的关注变少了，开始对生活采取更人性的态度。vt. （1）采用（方法），采取（某态度），采纳（建议、改革等）（2）收养，领养adopt ones suggestion/advice 采纳某人的建议adopt a(n) approach/policy/attitude采取一种方法/政策/态度adopt sb as.收养某人为All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。They decided to adopt an orphan from the earthquake area.他们决定收养一名地震灾区的孤儿。【归纳拓展】adopted adj. 收养的，领养的an adopted son 养子adapt vt.使适应；改造/编adapt oneself to适应于【跟踪典例】 单句语法填空/完成句子Another peasant family adopted him _ their own son. 另一户农民把他收养起来，作为自己的儿子。His _ (adopt) son went abroad last week. 他的养子上周出国了。写作佳句 It is said that the headmaster _. 据说校长已采纳了我们的建议。【答案】asadoptedhas adopted our suggestions 5.possess Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.富人想要拥有他们自己的画像，这样他们能装饰他们漂亮的宫殿和大房子。v. （1）有，拥有（不能用于进行时）（2）支配，控制【常见搭配】be possessed by/with 被控制The gallery possesses a number of the artists early works. 这个画廊有那位画家的一些早期作品。He does possess a sense a humor.他确实有幽默感。A terrible fear possessed her. 一阵恐惧攫住了她。She was suddenly possessed by fear. 她突然感到害怕。【归纳拓展】possession n. 拥有，占有；个人财产，私人物品be in possession of sth.拥有/占有某物be in the possession of sb./be in ones possession为某人所有；归某人所有have possession of拥有(指买来或从别人那里拿来)take possession of占领；夺取come into possession占有某物 get/take possession of 占领；夺取 The villa is in Mr Smiths possession. 那幢别墅归史密斯先生所有。Twenty years ago, his father was very rich and was in possession of a farm. 二十年前，他父亲很富有，有一个农场。We take possession of the enemys stronghold. 我们占领了敌人的要塞。【易混辨析】possess, have与own(1)possess 正式用语，指拥有某物。该词常作法律用语，表示完全拥有。更 重要的是，它可以用来指拥有财物以外的东西，如权力、能力、特征、品 质等。(2)have最普通用语，语义广泛。表示拥有之意时，无原因或理由可 言，也不表明拥有和被拥有者之间的任何关系。(3)own表示对某物具有自然的或合法的拥有权，对象一般为具体的物。【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子She is _ (possess) of health and wealth.她拥有健康和财富。Does the young man standing there have possession _ the company? No.The company is in _ possession of his father.站在那儿的那个年轻人拥有这家公司吗？不，是他父亲拥有这家公司。写作佳句 Its said that a young man possesses the company. Its said that a young man _ the company. Its said that the company _ a young man.据说一位年轻人拥有这家公司。【答案】possessedof；theis possessed of/has possession of/is in possession of；is in the possession of 【特别提示】 (1)possession常用复数表示“财产；所有物；财富”。(2) in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占有”；in the possession of表示被动，其主语 通常是物，意为“被占有”。 6.convince When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. 当人们第一次看到他的画，他们相信他们正在通过墙上的一个洞看到一副真正的画面。vt. 使确信，使信服 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事【常见搭配】 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that. 使某人相信We finally convinced them of our innocence. 我们终于使他们相信我们是清白的。They failed to convince the directors that their proposals would work. 他们未能使董事们相信他们的建议是切实可行的。【归纳拓展】convinced adj. 确信的，坚信的 convincing adj. 令人信服的【跟踪典例】单项填空/完成句子We couldnt convince him _her honesty.A. withB. onC.atD. of相信父母的处事方式，因此他面临问题时很难有自己的见解。 _ his parents way of doing things, the boy can hardly come up with his own ideas when faced with problems. (convince)你将需要让他们相信你有做好这份工作的能力。 Youll need to them your ability to do the job well.她父母亲无法说服她，让她相信她的决定错了。 Her parents_ she has made a wrong decision.【答案】 7.by coincidence巧合地；碰巧；凑巧By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colors used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。【常见搭配】 by pure coincidence纯属巧合 by a strange coincidence巧的出奇 It is a coincidence that.巧合的是What a coincidence！真巧！I dont think all these things happened by coincidence. 我认为这些事情不是碰巧发生的。It cant be a coincidence that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. 一定不是巧合四家珠宝店在一夜被抢劫。What a coincidence！I wasnt expecting to see you here. 真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。【跟踪典例】完成句子/单项填空She and I both arrived at the same time _ pure coincidence.我和她同时到达纯属巧合。It cant be a coincidence _ four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.四家珠宝店在一夜被抢劫一定不是巧合。_！I wasnt expecting to see you here.真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。John and I were _born on the same day of the same year, and we have a lot in common. A.by all means B.by coincidence C.by design D.by a chance【答案】bythatWhat a coincidenceB【解析】句意:我和约翰碰巧同年同月同日生,而且我们有很多共同点。by all means可以,没问题;by coincidence碰巧;by design故意地;by a chance若改为by chance也正确。 8.a great deal 大量 In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。a great deal 可在句中作状语，修饰动词或形容词/副词的比较级(此时不加of)；还可用作名词短语，作主 语或宾语(此时同a lot)，作主语时谓语动词用单数。deal用来表示“大量”“相当多”时不用large修饰，而习惯用great或good来修饰。a great deal of 表示“许多”，只能修饰不可数名词。A great deal has been finished，but there is still much to be done. 虽然已经完成了许多工作，但仍然有许多事情要做。We are a great deal cleverer(clever)than before. 我们比以前聪明多了。A great deal of money was used(use) in rescuing the victims in the earthquake. 大量的金钱被用来援救地震中的受害者。【归纳拓展】【跟踪典例】The new policy on education has attracted _ attention. A. a huge number of B. a large sum of C. a great deal of D. a great manyPeople suffered_ from the disaster, but they didnt lose confidence in rebuilding their homes. A. a good many B. a large number C. a great variety D. a great deal【答案】a good many许多，很多，一般用来修饰可数名词复数；a large number大量，一般用来指代可数的量；a great variety各种各样的；a great deal 许多，大量，一般用来指代不可数的量。根据语境可知人们遭受的苦难是不可数的量。故选D。 9.attempt .that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes. 也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来(1) vt. 尝试；企图【常见搭配】attempt to do sth./ at doing sth. 试图做某事Every time Ive attempted to convince her, Ive failed completely. 每次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。He attempted doing it. 他尝试着去做。(2) n. 努力，尝试（尤指较难的事情）【常见搭配】 make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 at ones first attempt 第一次尝试 give up an attempt 放弃尝试All attempts to control inflation have failed. 所有为控制通货膨胀而做的尝试都失败了。He made one last attempt at the world record. 他为破世界纪录做了最后一次努力。【易混辨析】attempt与try（1）attempt意为企图；尝试，为正式用语，多用于书面语，常表示希望成功，但并不 一定取得预期的结果。（2）try意为尝试，试用，使用范围很广，含有通过各种办法，尽力把事情做好或达 到目的之意。【常见搭配】try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事【易错警示】attempt/try to do sth. 表示试图做某事（但未成功），而manage to do sth.则表示努力做某事（且获得了成功）。【跟踪典例】单句语法填空/完成句子Every time Ive attempted _ (convince) her，but Ive failed completely.每一次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。I passed my driving test _ my first attempt.我考驾照时一次就通过了。写作佳句 They tried climbing that hill.They _ that hill.They _ that hill.他们试图攀登那座小山。【答案】to convinceatattempted to climb/at climbing；made an attempt to climb/at climbing 10.on the other hand 另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)On the other hand，some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像一张张照片。on (the) one hand.；on the other hand.一方面；另一方面(却)(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)The job wasnt very interesting，but on the other hand it was well-paid.那工作没多大意思，但另一方面工资却 很高。Many college graduates are out of work now，but on the other hand，they wont take jobs that do not pay much. 现在许多大学毕业生没有工作，但另一方面，他们又不愿意干薪水低的活。【归纳拓展】first(ly).；second(ly).第一；第二 for one thing.；for another (thing) 一则； 二则I dont want to buy this one；for one thing，I dont like the colour，and for another the price is too high.我不想买这个；一是我不喜欢这种颜色，二是价格太高。【跟踪典例】完成句子On (the) one hand I want to sell the house, but _, I cant bear the thought of moving.一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不能忍受搬家。 Im not going to buy it; for one thing I dont like the color, and _ its far too expensive.我不买这东西；一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是太贵了。 Firstly, we havent enough money, and _ we havent enough time.zx&x*k首先，我们没有足够的资金；其次，我们没有足够的时间。【答案】on the other hand for another secondly 11. figurethe art of making figures，objects，etc out of stone，wood，clay，etc.用石头、木头、泥巴等制作人物、物体等的艺术。 n画像；身材；数字；人物；人影 v估计；计算；理解；认为Being a public figure today，however，is a lot more difficult than it used to be. 然而，今天作为一个公众人物比以前要难多了。Every woman wants a slim figure these days，especially here in Canada. 如今，每个女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大尤其如此。 (朗文P759)I could hear them talking but I couldnt figure out what they were saying. 我能听见他们在说话，但就是听不清他们在说什么。【归纳拓展】keep ones figure保持身材have a good figure 身材苗条figure sth.in 将某事物包括在内；计算在内figure out 弄清楚；计算出figure that. 认为【跟踪典例】Your brain uses information from both your nose and your tongue to _ what something tastes like.A. outB.give outC.pick outD.figure outShe does exercise every morning to keep her _.A.figureB.natureC.imageD.character【答案】in preference to12. be (well) worth. （很）值得（做）；有的价值；值You can also explore Fricks beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit. 你还可以探索一下弗里克美丽的故居和花园，这是很值得看的。The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。【易错警示】（1）be worth + n. = be worthy of + n. (2) be worth doing = be worthy of being done/to be done(3) it is/was worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.This article ia well worth reading, but its not worthy of being translated (to be translated).这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。The matter is worth/worth of consideration. 此事值得考虑。【跟踪典例】I thought I had something to say that was _ putting down on paper.A. worthy ofB. worthyC. worthD. worthwhileHow do you find the British Museum? Great! Its _ worth _. A. very, visitingB. well, a visit C. well, being visitedD. very, to be visited【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语的用法。“be well worth (doing) sth.”是固定短语，意为“非常值得”。 13.appeal It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and PostImpressionist paintings.展览将吸引印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt. 将上诉 appeal to sb.(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣appeal to sb. for sth./to do sth. 向某人呼吁/恳求appeal for恳求，呼吁Bright colors appeal to small children.Small children are fond of/like/enjoy/love bright colors.小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。The government is appealing to everyone to save(save) water. 政府呼吁人人节约用水。n. 呼吁；恳求 make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为向某人呼吁或请求make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm. 警察呼吁公众保持冷静。【跟踪典例】单句语法填空1. This job rather appeals _ me.这工作对我有吸引力。2. The sinking ship appealed _ the rescue team _ help.正在下沉的船向救援队求助。3. He appealed to other leaders to donate to the cause.He _ other leaders to donate to the cause.他呼吁其他领导人为这项事业捐款。【答案】1.to2.to；for3.made an appeal to14.reputation n名声；声誉 The reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. 这家博物馆的声誉在于它的艺术藏品的多样性。【常见搭配】have a reputation for.以而出名live up to (ones) reputation不负盛名He has a good reputation as a doctor. 作为医生他博得了好名声。As Chinas leading University of the Arts，the Chinese Institute of the Arts lives up to reputation. 作为中国领先的艺术大学，中国艺术学院不负盛名。 【跟踪典例】完成句子He as a teacher. 作为教师他有一个好名声。He for his learning. 他因他的学识享有很高的声誉。Burns being funny and pleasant to be around though he came from a poor family. 尽管他来自一个贫穷的家庭，彭斯却有风趣、有人缘的名声。The school_ exam results. 该校因学生考试成绩优秀闻名遐迩。【答案】has a good reputation establishes/earns a high reputationhad a reputation for has a good reputation for1. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作 在法国巴黎的印象派画家。本句结构为“介词短语系动词主语”为倒装句式，正常语序为The Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris，were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.需要完全倒装的情况：表示方向、地点和时间的副词in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over，there，now， then，here first等放于句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，要全部倒装。表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时。常见的介词有：among，between，in， at，beneath等。“表语系动词主语”结构中。【名师点津】 前两类完全倒装，若主语为人称代词，则不需要倒装。Among all these flowers is included a kind of red rose，which was given by my friend. 一种我朋友给的红玫瑰花也包含在这些花中。Into the dark apartment walked David，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday. 大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。Growing on the hill are(be) all kinds of wild flowers. 山上长满了各种各样的野花。【跟踪典例】In the dark forests, some of which are very colorful. A.lying many lakesB.do many lakes lie C.many lakes lieD.lie many lakesThe door burst open and _, shouting with anger. A.in rushing a crowd B.rushed in a crowd C.in rushed a crowdD.in a crowd did rush.【答案】用完全倒装，谓语rushed放在主语前面。故选C。2. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. 印象派画家是第一批在户外写生的画家。该句为简单句。句中to work outdoors作定语修饰the first painters。在序数词，the last，the next，the only和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。在time，way，chance，ability，promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。He is the only man to know the truth. 他是唯一知道真相的人。Jerry was the third person to receive(receive)the letter. Jerry是第三个收到信的人。The chance to go(go)for a picnic has been ruined. 我们去野餐的机会被毁了。【跟踪典例】Youyou Tu is the first Chinese citizen _ the Nobel _ in natural sciences.A.receiving; Reward B.to receive;RewardC.to receive;Prize D.received;Prize【答案】C3. Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.亨利克莱弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他 把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。(1)句子结构分析：，.(2)现在分词作结果状语往往表示必然结果或者顺理成章的结果；而不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的 结果。His parents died in the earthquake，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母在地震中死去，他成了一个孤儿。It has been raining for several weeks，causing(cause) the roads to be destroyed. 大雨下了几周，导致道路被毁。I got to the station，only to be told(tell)that the train had left. 我赶到火车站，不料被告知火车已开走了。【跟踪典例】China has launched the manned spacecraft Shenzhou-11, _ another milestone in the space program.A. markB. markingC. markedD. to mar