初一下册英语知识梳理.doc

初一第二学期知识梳理一、语法1.动词时态 2.祈使句名称 特征词 肯定句的动词一般现在sometimes, usually, often always, every., 原形 第三人称单数现在进行look, listen, now, Its .(几点了) . 后的句子Dont do sth. 后的句子 be + doing一般过去yesterday., just now, .ago, this morning, When I was young, 过去式否定句、一般疑问句的结构句中有be、can, may , must, would 的变法否定句一般疑问句只在其后not (some-any)将其放到句首.？句中没有be、can, may , must, would 的变法动词否定句一般疑问句原形在主语后dont句前Do ？ 第三人 称单数在主语后doesnt动词原形句前 Does 动词原形？过去式在主语后didnt动词原形句前Did动词原形？回答:l Can you .? Yes, I can. No, I cant.l Is he.? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.l Do you .? Yes, I do. No, I dont. l Does.she ? Yes she does. No, she doesnt.l Did they.? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.l Would you.? Yes, I would. No. I wouldnt.l Were they.? Yes, they were. No, they werent.l Should you.? Yes, I should. No, I shouldnt二、祈使句无人称、动词开头，带命令色彩的句子。肯定式l Open the window, please.l Look at here.l Please read after me.否定式l Dont open the window.l Dont look at here.l Dont read after me.二、话题1. 天气及季节2. 人的相貌及性格3. 健康 4. 假期三、句子简单句: This is an orange bike.并列句: He knows me and I know him.复合句: When I was 5, I could swim.选择问句: Did you live here or there?特殊疑问句: What did they learn just now?感叹句: What a heavy rain it is!一般疑问句: Does Tom speak French?否定句: I dont understand it.祈使句 : Stand （Dont） up.四、句型 (及交际用语)1. 某人用多长时间做某事： It takes/took sb. + time + to do sth.2. 提问时间：u Whats the time?u What time is it?u What time is it by your watch?3.提问日期：l Whats the date today?l What was the date yesterday?4. 提问星期几：u What day is it today?u What day was yesterday?5.提问某人的生日： When is ones birthday?6. 提问天气：u What is the weather like today?u (How is the weather today?)u What was the weather yesterday?u (How was the weather yesterday?7.提问温度：u Whats todays temperature?u How about the temperature?8. 提问人的相貌： What does.look like?9. 提问人的性格： What is . like?10.询问对方情况： Whats wrong with.sb.? Whats the matter with .sb.?11. 到该做什么事的时候了。 Its time to do sth. Its time for sth.12. 提建议用语：u Why not do sth.?u Why dont you do sth.?u What about sth. / doing sth.?u Its best to do sth.u Youd better do sth.13.谈论健康问题： 1) 用英文叙述自己的病症n have a fever n have a coldn have a pain heren have a headachen have a sore throughn have a stomachache.2) 就此病症提出合理建议 Take / Have some / these medicine three times a day. Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days. Its nothing serious. Youll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days. Dont be so tired.五、词类1.动词(谓语)l He watches TV every day.l He is watching TV now.l He watched TV a moment ago动词(非谓语)l He enjoys watching TV. l Jim makes me laugh.l I wanted to see it again.2.系动词 (+形容词的动词)Look/turn/sound/become/taste/be/feel/smell/get3.代词人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyoutheir物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs4.不定代词1. other, others, the other, the others,another, One., the other., any other2. one, ones, ones 3. somethingsomebody / someone anythinganybody / anyone4.everythingeverybody / everyone nothingnobody / no one5. 连词1. and 7. when2. but 8. before3. or 9. after4. so 10. as5. though 11. if6. because用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空1. Jim often helps me with my English _ I often help him with his Chinese.2. _ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it.3. Mr. Black is over 70 years old, _ he still works 8 hours a day.4. Everyone must be here _ 6:00 tomorrow.5. _it is raining heavily, the farmers are still working in the field.6. I can help you _ I have time.7. _ getting up, I always listen to the radio for a while.8. We must be quick, _ we cant follow them.9. To catch the early bus, _ I got up very early this morning.10. _ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game.11. _ you know him, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate?6.形容词、副词形容词与副词的转换l 在词尾处+ lyl y结尾时,去y + ilyl 有的e结尾的单词,需去y + ly，有的则直接+ly。1. quickquickly 2. easy-easily3.terrible-terribly 4. true-truly5.brave-bravely 6. careful-carefully7. 数词基数词变序数词 用来表达年、月、日 用来表达时、分 百,千,万,的表达 几分之几 用How often 对它们进行提问。 他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。 I always have milk for breakfast. I usually have eggs for breakfast. I often have noodles for it. I sometimes have fruits for it. I seldom have rice for it. I never have meat in the morning.9. 与时间相关的介词on 具体日子、节日、生日、星期几前in 某年、某月前at 某分，某时前for 时间段前当“早上、下午、晚上”被修饰时不用 in 而用on. 表示方位的介词：某物处在某处的东南西北。10. 疑问词提问几点钟What time is it?Whats the time?价格how much地点where数量how many.how much.程度、方式how动词、宾语what.do. what主语who, whom.性格Whats.like?时间when长相What does/ do.look like?频率how often天气Whats .like?Hows.?六、常用短语1.wake up 8. fall off2. wake.sb. up 9. come out3. tell. about 10. get along with.4. talk to / with sb. 11. turn on / off5. invite .to. 12. put on6. play with 13. take off7. think about. 14. be always doing. think out 15. add. to think of. 16. know about17. learn about 26. in many ways18. start with 27. in fact19. give of 28. in summer20. be called / named 29. in the sun21. stop off 30. in ones thirties22. on the telephone 31. in space23. on the Internet 32. in 199024. on weekend 33. in the 1990s25. on the earth 34. in the night on the moon 35. at night36. at this time of year 46. on the top37. at the same time 47. a road to.38. at the moment 48. to sb.39. at the end of. 49. be different 40. from.to. from.41. for a while 50. be difference42. for a drink between43. for days 51. go to sw. for a44. on the other side of. holiday45. on ones way to. 52. as usual53. be interested in. 63. in class54. be always doing. 64. first of all55. by bike 65. in the past56. on Kates bike 66. last year57. a photo of. 67. from the 1960s58. a photographer for 68. apart from.59. not.at all 69. thousands of.60. get into trouble hundreds of.61. listen to music 70. for example62. go to concerts 71. the trip to72. too much noise 82. all night73. much too expensive 83. a lot of fun74. save up 84. plan to do75. go on vacation 85. decide to do76. take photos 86. want to do 77. stay at a hotel 87. a big meal78. on the same team 88. keep out79. need .for. 89. one third80. do sth. on ones own 90. the time of.81. make one stop 91. a form of.93. drive to sw. 103. the same as94. the capital of. 104. all the time95. be full of. 105. all kinds of96. more than 106. 3 times a day97. the shape of. 107. take the 98. 10 thousand medicine99. a northern city of.100. get a view of .101. the population of Beijing102. a population of 13 million七、易混淆的词、词组1. What is .like?/What does.look like?2. what to do/how to do it3. in the corner/at the corner4. wake up/wake sb. up5. get dressed/dress sb.6. there be/have / has7. join/take part in.8. a population of./the population of.9. in the east of./to the east of.10. trip/travel11. other, others/the other, the others/One., the other., another12. any other schools/any other school13. stop to do sth./stop doing sth.14. besides/except15. a little, little, a bit, a bit of./a few, few16. get to./arrive in / at./reach17. too much/much too18. by car, in Jims car/by bike, on Jims bike19. excited, interested, amazed/exciting, interesting, amazing20. Its time to . ./Its time for. .21. Like/as22. noise,