Unit-3不定式动名词复习key.doc

Unit 3 Review of Infinitives and Gerunds 不定式和动名词复习P30Review Exercise :用不定式或动名词的正确形式填空：Language notes:不定式和动名词作主语复习：To say to say eating belongings banking/leaving doing smoking/eating driving buy/washing/making going happening/controlling to bring to do/to move discovering meeting being/to help knowing/learning running to understand to be allowed working waiting being to do不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1) 把不定式置于句首。P31坐地铁去世博中心要花60分钟。To go to Expo Center by subway may take 60 minutes. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：Itbe名词to do照顾老人是孩子们的义务。It is childrens duty to take care of the children.It takes sb+some time+to do她花了3天说服老板买下这家公司。It takes her to persuade the boss to buy the company.Itbe形容词for sbto do对于城市人来说，要抵制垃圾食物还真是不容易。 It is not easy for citizens to resist junk food.Itbe形容词of sbto do学生试图把老师说的每个字都写下来是很笨的。It is stupid of the students to try to write down every word of teachers.动名词作主语Learning without thought means labor lost; thought without learning is perilous.学而无思则罔，思而不学则殆。动名词作主语时，也常用It句式。如：Its +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing花太多时间想如何去利用别人没有好处。It is no good spending too much time thinking how to take advantage of others.P32Its形容词doing 刮风天在海里游泳非常危险。It is dangerous swimming in windy day.动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如：Its no good eating too much fat. 吃太多肥肉不好。Its no good for you to eat so much fat. 你是太多肥肉不好。光说不练没有用。It is no use speaking without practice.对于一个50岁的男子来说，学习冲浪不容易。It is not easy for a 50-year-old to learn surfing on the Internet.动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如：Its no use your/you pretending that you didnt know the rules.假装你不懂规则是没用的。练习.动名词和不定式作主语及非谓语动词作表语BABBA AACCAP33Language notes:不定式和动名词作宾语复习：1 请判断下列单词后跟动名词还是不定式宾语只能用不定式的单词： agree,ask, aim,arrange,choose,decide, expect,fail ,help, hope, plan,prepare, pretend, promise, refuse,wish,宾语只能用动名词的单词：admit, appreciate, enjoy, arrange ,demand, finish, insist on,resist,keep,consider,mind,risk,delay,suggest,practise,pretend,miss,dont mind,give up,imagine,put off当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语动 词it补语to do句式。如：We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. 我们认为对我们而言学好外语是很重要的。卡耐基觉得帮助穷人是他的职责。Carnegie found it his duty to help the poor.P34我们认为输了比赛是非常丢人的。 I think it a shame to lose the game.常用的固定搭配：别无选择只能做某事：have no choice but to do没有别的事做只能做某事：have nothing to do but do sth敌人别无选择只能投降。The enemy has no choice but to surrender,外面下大雨。我百无聊赖，只好看看电视，上上网。I have nothing to do but watch TV and surf on the Internet. 动名词作宾语某些动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，见上表格：我建议到海边小镇去过十一长假。I suggest spending vacation of National Day in seaside town.我不介意输了这场比赛。你花了3个月时间训练。你应该赢。I dont mind losing the match for which you have trained for 3 months. You should win.动名词作介词的宾语I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.我应该去参加生日庆典，而不是呆在家里。邀请电视台著名主持人来做结婚司仪如何？How about inviting the famous host as the master of wedding ceremony? 一些常见的介词词组搭配：（动名词前的介词有时可以省略）have difficulty(in)doing 做某事方面有困难have no trouble(in)doing 做某事上有麻烦lose no time(in)doing立刻做某事prevent/stop(from)doing 组织某人做某事there is no use(in)doing做某事是没用的p36练习.动名词和不定式作宾语CACCC DACBD CCABB DACADLanguage nots: 不定式和动名词作定语不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：1 The next train to arrive is from Washington.（表示将来的动作）下一部到达的火车来自于华盛顿。2 关于这件事，你还有什么观点要和我们分享?（与被修饰词之间有动宾关系）Concerned with this, what other opinions do you want to share with us?P383 能给我一张纸让我写下我的口信吗? （与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词）Could you give me a paper to write my message on?我希望你能代我问候玛丽。I hope you can remember me to Mary.我们曾被禁止与外国人接触。I was forbidden to contact foreigners.我们都相信约翰是清白的。I believe John to be innocent.刘翔被认为是中国体育的偶像（icon）Liuxiang is thought to be icon in Chinese sports circle.这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如第句：Thestudents are made to do too much homework every day.我们看到她带着一把枪走进了便利店。I saw her enter the convenience store with a gun.被动 She was seen to enter the convenience store with a gun. (4)help后面的to可有可无。如：Would you please help me(to) fill in the taxform? 你可否帮我填一下表格？能不能帮我弄明白这个谜语？Could you help me to understand the riddle? P 39作主语补足语 He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.他不被允许进入教室，因为他迟到了。这个年轻的大学生被认为具有很大的从商潜力。(consider).The young college students are thought to be with great potential for business.练习:不定式作宾语补足语六、不定式作状语作目的状语ABBBC ABBCBP40(1) I stayed there to see what would happen.(=in order to)我说这话不是为了激怒你。不要这么当真啦！I said so not to irritate you. Dont be so serious.(2)有时为了强调，不定式前可加in order或so as。如：Bob took down my QQ number so as(in order)not to forget it.Bob记下qq号码，为了不要忘记它。I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen.我呆在那里，为了能够看到会发生什么。为了减肥，她定期参加有氧操课。In order to lose the weight, you have to take part in the aerobics lessons. 我们很高兴被邀请参加这个派对。We are very glad to be invited to the party.看到一个三岁的孩子能读报，我真的很吃惊。I am really surprised to see such a three-year-old child read newspaper. 作结果状语We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.在假日之后我们返回家中，发现我们的花园整洁漂亮。他不远万里从洛杉矶来到上海，却发现他的朋友已经去世。He went a long way from Los Angeles to Shanghai, only to find his parents have passed away.不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。如：soas to;suchas toIm not so stupid as to put it in writing./Im not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.我还不会傻到要把这个写出来。enoughtoThe speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner. 速度够快了，我们足以赶上一号线。only to简匆匆来到医院，发现母亲已经不行了。Jane hurried to the hospital, only to find his mother dying.tootoIm too tired to stay up longer.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment to me.说实话，表演使我很失望。P42When to leave for London has not been decided yet.什么时候去伦敦还没有决定。是走还是留，我还没决定。Whether to stay or leave has not been decided yet. 我在考虑如何才能在短短的一年内获得成功。I am considering how to get success in one short year.现在他们面临的问题是从哪里去搞到他们所需要的钱。The problem faced them is where to get their needed money.以上例句中疑问词不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。请练习：1 When I shall leave for London has not been decided yet.2 Whether I shall stay or leave has not been decided yet. 3 I am considering how I can get success in one short year.4 The problem faced them is where they can get their needed money (1)时态完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：Im sorry to have kept you waiting.我很抱歉让你等那么久We are too young to have seen the old society.我们太小了不可能看到旧社会的样子。他非常富有，不可能经历过那样的生活。He is too rich to experience that sort of life.P43进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。如：The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in.当我进去的时候，老师碰巧正在卷子。他们似乎正在讨论什么重要的事情。They seemed to be discussing something important.(2)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party.（不定式作主语）真荣幸，被邀请去mary的派对。It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）要弥补流失的时间是不可能的。I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）我希望被派去这个国家工作。Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）你可以告诉我哪部车要被修理。He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）他去医院检查身体。P44I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我将永远不会忘记第一次看到长城。我们从不害怕失去金钱。我们害怕失去友谊。We are not afraid of losing money but friendship.We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我们因为提前完成工作而被表扬。The young man came in without being noticed.年轻人进来了，没有人注意到他。他又不请自来。真是烦人。It is annoying for him to come without being invited.The bike needs repairing.这车需要修理。如果一件事值得去做，就值得把它做好。Anything worth doing is worth doing well. 在why引起的问句中，省略to。如：Why spend such a lot of money on such trash?为