英语本科毕业论文-游戏在小学英语教学中的应用.docx

The application of Games in Primary School English TeachingAbstract：With the rapid development of economy in our country, China has been integrated into the international society actively. The demand for English speakers is expanded largely, so the higher requirements are needed for our country to develop the excellent talents to use English expertly. Under this context, the requirements for English teaching should be improved. This paper aims at analyzing games in primary school English teaching. The main methods applied in accomplishing this paper are documental method, comparative method and inductive method. As a result, the advantages of game teaching, specific methods for application, and the main issues which should be paid attention to are acquired. From all these, the importance of game teaching in primary school English teaching is well illustrated, and the methods offered in this paper is well worthy of trying.Key Words: game teaching; advantages; specific methods游戏在小学英语教学中的应用摘要：随着经济的快速发展,中国已经积极地融入了国际社会。相应地，对于会讲英语的人的需求也在不断扩大,所以我国需要制定更高的要求来开发优秀人才，并让他们熟练地使用英语。在这种情况下,对英语教学的要求也应该得到改进。本文主要是分析游戏在小学英语教学中的应用。完成本文的主要方法是阅读相关文献资料、使用比较法和归纳法。因此,我们应该关注游戏教学的优势,以及一些特定的方法。综上所述,本文将会详细说明游戏在小学英语教学中的重要性，并且在本文中所提供的许多游戏方法都很值得广大教师在课堂中去尝试去应用。关键词：游戏教学；优势；具体方法IContentsAbstract in English IAbstract in Chinese II1. Introduction12. Literature Review32.1 Games in Teaching32.2 Importance of Game-Teaching in primary schools 62.3 Characteristics of games72.4 Classifications of games82.5 The principles of game-teaching 83. Game-Teaching in English in primary schools103.1 The Choice of suitable time103.2 The Choice of appropriate games 123.3 The organization of games 123.4 Suggestions134. Conclusion 15Bibliography16Acknowledgements 171. IntroductionEntering the 21th century, China is integrated into the wave of economy globalization and knowledge informatization. It plays an important role in the global village which takes peace and development as the main characteristics of the times. Meanwhile, China is confronted with more and more opportunities and challenges from both at home and abroad. Among all the languages, English has become an indispensible tool for the common use of international exchange, and it is also the prim choice for most people to acquaint a foreign language. As the fundamental step for the further English learning, primary English learning is of vital importance. And as we all know that interest in the best driving force for learning and it is also the best teacher who helps you keep advancing. So in the primary school English teaching, arousing students interest in English is given top priority. Teachers should try their best to come up with some attractive pedagogical skills to stimulate and develop their interest. There is no doubt that playing games is the best way for teachers to impart knowledge of students, so that students enjoy learning English in a relaxed, pleasant atmosphere. Primary school English teaching should cater to the characteristics of students. We all know that children 7 - 12 years old curiosity among the most intense, sensitive hearing and the ability to imitate is the strongest. More importantly, the small children mental disorder, so they tend to be attracted to a new language. However, the child easily distracted. Their attention is focused only thing they are interested in. Often, they are interested in learning from the beginning, gradually, they form a learning style, and finally they became interested in learning itself. In fact, students interested in learning English from the original course content interesting and attractive teaching methods, so the primary school English teacher must know how to use some of the ways to attract the attention of students. Game as the best method of teaching should be based on the teaching of certain teaching goals and objectives. In addition, there are various forms of the games, the teacher can arrange a suitable game in different courses.This article aims to explain the importance and impact of games teaching English teaching in primary schools, the curriculum theory and practice through research and explore ways through the game to stimulate students interest in learning English to improve efficiency and enhance English learning ability of pupils.2. The Background Information of games To the English learners whose mother language is not English, especially for students who are at the start stage, greatest difficulties in learning English is to get the right pronunciation of words and right spelling. Some students lost confidence, and some even hated school, just because they have a problem pronunciation. So it is very important for students to find their way to get the right pronunciation. To help students get the right pronunciation and meaning of words with creating songs, that is a excellent way. Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, once said, “Activity plays a very important role in childrens cognition and development, because cognition starts from activity. From perceptual operation to presentational operation, and then it comes to rational operation, the outside activity can be gradually developed into intelligence.”1 Because primary school students are very young, curious and have strong desire to show themselves, creating childrens songs can satisfy their desire of innovation. For example, when teachers are going to teach the words- slide and swing, they can first inspire students to recall the former songs which involved these two words, and then teachers themselves create songs as an example, such as: Slide, slide, very small; Swing, swing, near the wall. After that, students can be classified into groups, in which students can express their own opinions, and the group leader will select the best work among theirs. Teachers should comment their works and then praise their efforts, thus meeting their need of innovation and enhancing their confidence in English learning. Throughout the entire game, students practiced what theyve learnt in a good mood. On one hand, they are learning the new words, and on the other hand, the learnt knowledge gets practiced. 2.1 Games in Teaching Different English contents need different sorts of game teaching. So teachers should adopt the teaching methods according to the characteristic of course and the different ages of students, come up with various and attractive teaching activities. Game teaching is divided into different sorts based on the aims and forms. Thats one of the reasons why teachers should teach students in accordance with their aptitude and select the appropriate game for different context. There are two main forms of game teaching which is respectively language training game and social communication training game.The language training game is based on enhancing language knowledge points and the accurate usage of language. According to the different language knowledge points and learning content, the language training game is divided into three parts: phonetics game, vocabulary game and pattern game.Phonetics is the vocal language in the communication among people and the foundation of listening, reading, writing and speaking. The phonetics learning is quite boring, while applying the game teaching to the lessons can help students get rid of the sense of tiring, meanwhile, students will acquaint the correct pronunciation and recognize it. For example, teachers can draw some paper-cut baskets on the blackboard, putting different letters on them, and then give students some apples labeled with the different letters, thus making students stick the apples with the needed letters to the baskets on the blackboard. In this way, students can acknowledge the different letters while participating in the games. Or teachers can provide some tongue twisters for them to train. For example, Can you can a can as a canner can can a can? How many cookies could a good cook cook if a good cook could cook cookies? A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies. These are simple words with simple pronunciation which will not cause pressure on students during their enjoyment.Vocabulary game is of great importance to the English learning because vocabulary is the foundation for all other learning. However, vocabulary memorizing is the most difficult task in the whole English learning process. Vocabulary game provides a real context for students to memorize words, which turns into an exciting and pleasant and nervous task. For example, students can be divided into different groups within each of which the first student proposes a word, and then the next one should offer a word which start with the last letter of the first word. Within the limited time, the group which proposes the most words is the winner. For example, no- oh- house- egg- grape- ear- red- daddy- yellow- window.Sentence pattern game is mainly to arouse students rich imagination through delivering treasure. It can stimulate them to express themselves with the sentence they have learnt so as to enhance the memory of the sentence pattern and be able to put to use. Teachers can draw some different pictures on the papers with different colors, and then a student raise up the paper and the others can guess. For instant, “Is this an apple? Yes, it is”. Students can become familiar with this sentence pattern with repeating it frequently.The second sort of game is more interesting and attractive which is communication game. It aims at encouraging students to try the creative and active communication with others with their acquainted knowledge and attaching importance to the natural expression and fluent application. It is also divided into three parts: seeking for the treasure, calling the telephones and talking about families.During the game of seeking the treasure, students are divided into several groups, each of which composes at least four students. The game should be played between two groups, one of them acts as the one who lost something and the other one acts as the one who finds something. There are some different papers prepared which are written with different articles such as pencil, rubber and so on. One group holds these papers and the other group comes to request for them about the things they lost. For instance, Hello，XXX！I have lost my exercise book. Have you seen it anywhere? If there is , the student will answer ：“Yes，I think I have. Look at the exercise book (on the desk). May be its yours.” The group which get all their things in the shortest time is the winner.The game of calling somebody is funny and easy. It is processed between two students, they will have a short communication on the phone as following:A：Hello. 8312063.B：Hello. Is that Miller？A：Yes，it is. Hi，John！B：Miller！Are you free tomorrow？A：I think so. Why？B：Would you like to go swimming with me？A：Id love to. When shall we meet？B：What about seven？Lets meet at the school gate.A：Ok. See you.B：See you. Bye.Teachers can offer some aids over the game if some of the students are not so familiar with these sentence pattern.The last one, talking about your families, is the easiest one. Teachers will propose some question sentence and write them on the blackboard, and then students use them to communicate with each other. It will be better to divide them into several groups.What becomes important in language learning and teaching is that in addition to increasing students linguistic knowledge (for example, grammar and lexis), language teaching is also expected to focus on the language as a channel to convey information, to develop ideas and to negotiate concepts. In language classrooms, language is an object of the subject as well as a tool. The ability of using language to jointly construct meaning by all participants is termed interactional competence which has attracted steadily increasing interest in language research. This shift from knowledge-based teaching to skills-based learning highlights learners roles in classrooms and the importance of developing autonomous and active learners. Thinking skills is one of the most important aspects in developing autonomy and engagement of learners. How teachers manage classroom interactions, for example, how the use of different instructional practices, the quantity and quality of teacher input and learner input, can create or restrain learning opportunities and thinking space.2.2 Importance of Game-Teaching in primary schools Remedial education is one of traditional Chinese teaching methods. In Chinese lessons，teaching process, teacher lectures, the students just play one audience, there by undermining the initiative of student learning. From the perspective of communicative teaching skills, to master a foreign language must master communication skills. American social linguist Hammer initially proposed a communication, which can be understood as language knowledge and proficiency, including four points: grammar, social language skills, discourse competence and strategic competence. According to communicative teaching methods, teachers not only impart knowledge, more is a good helper in learning. What count most students should be in communicative teaching activities, But teachers are very important, because they have a lot of people do to help students. For example, in the knowledge and psychologically for help; observation and analysis of the students activities; and analysis of each students strengths and weaknesses; discover imperfect teaching and trying to make up for it. Higher demands is to require teachers in the teaching exchange activities than traditional teaching activities. Acute observation skills, analytical skills and experience great organizational skills necessary to become a teacher. The more of a class of students, organizational ability is particularly important. Hamer thinks teachers as a controller, assessor, organizer, prompter, participants and resources. That is to say, in class, teachers should integrate into their own on top of all the roles. They are not only the organizers and mentors, but also learners and participants.In this sense, the teacher is both an actor and director. How to make the course interesting became one of the standards of teachers professional quality.2.3 Characteristics of gamesThe famous Russian educator Sukhomlinskii, once said, Memory is based on understanding; during the thinking process, facts are transformed into abstract theories with the teachers leading.”2,because the pupils are very young ,their memory abstraction, discrimination abilities very weak .Therefore, as a teacher ,students should be encouraged to give specific meaning in words, so as to help students memorize words more effectively.For example, teachers can inspire students in basketball an example the words divided into two simple parts, because they are too long memory. Students will be divided into two parts basket and the ball, and then through the connection of the imagination, this long word will keep in their mind easily .In addition, they also can grasp the other two words and basketball, will greatly enhance the efficiency of. So next time when students encounter complex words, they will use this way .In addition to the word, there are many other ways, they all depend on the students imagination and innovation ability.2.4 Classifications of games In the school development, that is crucial for students of the relationship between teachers and learners, and the relationship must be based on humane. In the traditional, The relationship of teachers and students, teachers should be dominant, because the traditional educators believe that humans are inherently lazy, so they should be treated strictly. But the educational concept of modern times still believe that humans are born with the potential for active and aggressive. The traditional relationship between teachers and students of the students stifled innovation and creativity, in order to improve the childs development, a new relationship must be established2.5 The principles of game-teaching From the previous two points can be seen, primary school students interested in learning English is essential. We all know language learning may be dull, but it is actually the process of imitation and memory. Although pupils on everything feel fresh, they can be attracted to anything, but they are not long memory. So let students long to imitate and practice the same thing is a difficult task. But the game can prevent this dilemma teaching stimulate students interest in learning. Because students tend to easily distracted, indirectly teaching the game to focus their minds. In their eyes, limit games lessons more attractive, because they can have the space and opportunity activities. Actually pupils fear of being constrained, they need to constantly change because they feel upset. Thus, in the traditional teaching, they only absorb one-third of the whole process is at best a. While teaching the game, they can acquire more knowledge by focusing on longer. More importantly, the game teaching can help students have a better memory and understanding he learned knowledge. This is because in the process of teaching the game, the students are put into practice, they will practice the language real personal experience, rather than imitate it exactly textbook. The most important thing is that you can train students better study habits and teaching the game. Typically, in teaching the game, the students actively participate courses. Gradually, they it is very important to foster learning initiative, because the teacher can only play guiding role. The final advantage is that the game of teaching the new curriculum reform coincidence. Since the mention in the new