初一名词变复数变化规则.doc

名词变复数变化规则综述 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。 例：friendfriends; catcats; sportsports; 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读iz。 例：busbuses; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读z。 例：candycandies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories 四、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音f改读vz。 例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; wife-wives; half-halves五、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读z。 例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; 反例： pianopianos（外来词）; photophotos; zoo-zoos真的不掉线吗？、？练习：1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano6、 shelf 7.dog 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12.radio 13、photo 14、army 15、tomato 16、fox 17、knife 18 map 19 apple 20.egg 21.blackboard 22.eraser 23.pen 24.pencil 25.box 26.bus 27.watch 28.class 29.teacher 30.grade31.toy 32.desk 33.ruler 34.book 35.car36.cake 37.bag 38.school 39.phone 40.friend 41.year42.he 43.she 44.it 45.I 46.you 47.this 48.that 49.am 50.is 真的不掉线吗？、？2005年全国各地高考完型填空语篇荟萃编者按在李阳的“疯狂英语”的感召下，同学们学习英语的积极性很高。我们精心收集2005年全国各地高考完形填空语篇并加以简要分析，让同学们好好地消化吸收，或朗读或背诵。希望同学们分四步走，第一步，快速阅读，迅速把握文章的文体类别，中心大意及篇章结构；第二步，仔细精读，落实文章中的关键词汇，疑难句子及重要语法点，做好笔记，归类总结；第三步，回头研读，展开联想，学会自己命题，考查自己运用英语的能力；第四步，反复朗读，培养语感。相信同学们照此努力，定会收获意想不到的效果！ 【全国II】One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I noticed that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, as if he knew me. The man had a newspaper open in front of him, which he was pretending to read, but I could see that he was keeping an eye on me. when the waiter brought my food, the man was clearly puzzled (困惑) by the bill way in which the waiter and I chatted with each other . He seemed even more puzzled as time went on and it became clear that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the kitchen. When he came out, he paid his bill and left without another glance in my direction.I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had wanted. “Well,” he said , “that man was a detective (侦探) . He followed you here because he though you were the man he was looking for .” “What ?” I said , showing my surprise . The owner continued, “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I must say he looked very much like you! Of course, since we know you, we told him that he had made a mistake.” “Well, its really lucky, I came to a restaurant where Im known,” I said. “Otherwise, I might have been in trouble.”析：记叙文，作者在一家餐馆遭遇被盯梢，险些陷入麻烦。【北京】Dear Laura,I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in todays world. Well, Im here to give you hope.I wanted to do something very special for my fifteen-year-old son, who has always been the perfect child. He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy a used motorcycle. Then, he spent hours and hours on it until it looked almost new. I was so proud of him that I bought him the shiniest helmet and a riding outfit.I could hardly wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before. Upon a wakening, I went to the kitchen to start the coffee, tea, and morning goodies. In the living room was a beautiful keyboard with a note:” To my wonderful mother, all my love, your son.”I was so astonished. It had been a log-standing joke in our family that I wanted a piano so that I could take lessons. “Learn to play the piano, and Ill get you one” was my husbands response.I stood there shocked, crying a river, asking myself how my son could afford this expensive gift.真的不掉线吗？、？Of course, the house awoke, and my son was thrilled（激动的）with my reaction. Many kisses were exchanged, and I immediately wanted him to open my gift.AS he saw the helmet and outfit, the look on his face was not exactly what I was expecting. Then I realized that he has sold the motorcycle to get me the keyboard.Of course I was the proudest mother ever on that day, and my feet never hit the ground for a month.So I wanted you to know, that kind of love still exists and lives even in the ever-changing world of me, me, me!I thought youd love to share this story. Yours,HilaryP.S. The next day, my husband and I bought him a new “used” already shiny motorcycle.析：记叙文，通过自己亲身经历让Laura感到无私的爱存在于现实中。【安徽】I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “Youre never going to be anything but a failure.” After five years of poor jobs, I fell in love with a very nice middle-class girl. It was the beat thing that could have happened to me. I decided I wanted-to do something positive (积极地) with my life because I wanted to prove to her that what people said about me was wrong . Especially her mother, who had said to me, “Lets face it, youve failed at everything youve ever done.” So I tried hard with my writing and went to college. My first novel (小说) came out while I was at college. After college I taught during the day in high schools and attended evening classes at London University, where I got a degree in history. I became a lecturer at a college and was thinking of giving up that job to write full time when I was offered a part-time job at Leeds University. I began to feel proud of myself here was a working-.class boy whod left school early, now teaching at the university My writing career (职业) took off when I discovered my own style. Now Im rich and famous, have been on TV, and met lots of film stars. But what does it mean? I just wish all the people that have put me down had said: “I believe in you. Youll succeed.”析：记叙文。作者面对冷嘲热讽没有屈服，努力拼搏得以成功。【福建】A lady and her husband stepped off the train in Boston. They walked without an appointment（预约）into the outer office of Harvards president. But they were stopped by his secretary and kept waiting. For hours, the secretary took no notice of them, hoping that the couple would finally bee disappointed and go away. But they didnt. The secretary finally decided to disturb the president, though unwillingly.A few minutes later, the president walked towards the couple with a cold face. The lady told him, “We had a son that attended Harvard for one year. He loved Harvard. He was happy here. But about a year ago, he was accidentally killed. My husband and I would like to set up a memorial（纪念物）to him, somewhere on campus.”The president wasnt moved. Instead, he was shocked. “Madam,” he said, “we cant put up a statue for every person who studied at Harvard and died. If we did, this place would look like a 真的不掉线吗？、？cemetery（墓地）,” “Oh, no,” the lady explained quickly. “We dont want to put up a statue. We would like to give a building to Harvard.” The president rolled his eyes and glanced at the couple and then exclaimed, ” A building! Do you have any idea how much a building costs? We have spent over 7,500,000 on the campus building at Harvard.” For a moment the lady was silent. The president was pleased, because he could get rid of them now. Then the lady turned to her husband and said quietly, “Is that all it costs to start a university? Why dont we just start our own?” Her husband nodded. Since their offer was turned down. Mr. and Mrs. Stanford traveled to California where they founded the University that bears their name, a memorial to a son that Harvard no longer cared about.析：记叙文，一对夫妇请求哈佛大学建一座建筑物纪念亡子遭拒绝后得到启发，创建了以他们名字命名的斯坦福大学【广东】Some myths are stories told since ancient times to explain the causes for natural happenings. The Greek myth that explains why there are changes of seasons is about Demeter, the goddess of the harvest. She had a daughter, Persephone, whom she loved very much. Hades, god of the underworld, fell in love with Persephone, and he asked Zeus, the ruler of the gods, to give Persephone to him as his wife. Zeus did not want either to disappoint Hades or to upset Demeter, so he said he would not agree to the marriage, but neither would he forbid it. Hades, therefore, decided to take the girl without permission. When Persephone was picking flowers in the garden, he seized her and took her to the underworld. When Demeter found out what happened to Persephone, she became so angry that she caused all plants to stop growing People were in danger of starving. But Demeter was determined not to let crops grow until her daughter, Persephone, was returned to her. Zeus, still not wanting to disappoint Hades, decided upon a condition for Persephones return. She could go back to her mother if she had not eaten anything while she was in the underworld. Demeter accepted it because she did not know that Persephone had eaten several pomegranate (石榴) seeds in the underworld. When Zeus discovered this, he agreed that Persephone could spend part of the year with her mother, but he added that since she had eaten the seeds, she must spend part of the year in the underworld. And so it happens that when Persephone is in the underworld, Demeter is sad and therefore will not let the crops grow. That is why we have winter when plants do not grow. When Persephone returns, Demeter is happy, it is spring, and plants begin to grow again.析：记叙文，有关季节变化和作物生长之间的关系的希腊神话故事。【湖北】You are near the front line of a battle .Around you shells are exploding; people are shooting from a house behind you .What are you doing there? You arent a soldier .You arent even carrying a gun .Youre standing in front of a camera and youre telling the TV viewers what is 真的不掉线吗？、？happening.Its all in a days work for a war reporter ,and it can be very dangerous .In the first two years of the war in former Yugoslavia（前南斯拉夫）,28 reporters and photographers were killed .Hundreds more were injured. What kind of people put themselves in danger to bring pictures to our TV screens and stories to our newspapers? Why do they do it?“I think its every young journalists dream to be a foreign reporter,” says Michael Nicholson, “thats where you find the excitement .So when the first opportunity es; you take it even if it is a war.”But there are moments of fear. Jeremy Bowen says, “Yes ,when youre lying on the ground and bullets （子弹）are flying past your ears ,you think: What am I doing here? Im not going to do this again. But that feeling goes after a while and when the next war starts , youll be there .”“None of us believes that were going to die ,” adds Michael .But he always carries a lucky charm（护身符）with him .It was given to him by his wife for his first war .Its a card which says “Take care of yourself.” Does he ever think about dying? “Oh, many times ,and every time it happens you look to the sky and say to God, If you get me out of this ,I promise Ill never do it again. You can almost hear God laughing ,because you know he doesnt believe you .”析：议论文，经历战争和死神考验的战地记者的追求和责任感。【湖南】When I was thirteen, my family moved from Boston to Tucson, Arizona. Before the move, my father gathered us in the living-room on a freezing January night. My sisters and I sat around the fire, not realizing that the universe would suddenly change its course. In May, were moving to Arizona.The words, so small, didnt seem big enough to hold my new life. But the world changed and I awoke on a tram moving across the country. I watched the sense change from green trees to flat dusty plains to high mountains as I saw strange new plants that suggested mysteries(奥秘) yet to e. Finally, we arrived and settled into own new home. While my older sisters were sad at the loss of friends, I eagerly explored(探索) our new surroundings. One afternoon, I was out exploring as usual and saw a new kind of cactus(仙人掌). I crouched (蹲) down for a closer look. Youd better not touch hat. I turned around to see an old woman Are you new lo this neighborhood? I explained that I was, in fact , new to the entire state. My name is Ina Thorne. Have you got used to life in the desert ? It must be quite a shock after living in Boston. How could I explain how I found the desert? I couldnt seem to find the right words.真的不掉线吗？、？ Its vastness, she offered. “That vastness when you stand on the mountains overlooking the desert - you can sense how little you are in parison with the world. Meanwhile, you feel that the possibilities are limitless.” That was it. That was the feeling Id bad ever since Id first seen the mountains of my new home. Again, my life would change with just a few simple words. Would you like to e to my home tomorrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldnt touch.析：议论文，作者搬家初到沙漠环境的好奇与茫然，老太太寥寥话语改变了他的生活。【江苏】On May 27, 1995, our life was suddenly changed. It happened a few minutes past three, when my husband, Chris, fell from his horse as it jumped over a fence. Chris was paralyzed (瘫痪) from the chest down, unable to breathe normally. As he was thrown from his horse, we entered into a life of convenience with lots of unexpected challenges( 挑战). We went from the haves to the “have-nots. Or so we thought.Yet what we discovered later were all the gifts that came out of sharing difficulties. We came to learn that something wonderful could happen in a disaster. All over the world people cared for Chris so much that letters and postcards poured in every day. By the end of the third week in a medical center in Virginia, about 35,000 pieces of mail had been received and sorted. As a family, we opened letter after letter. They gave us fort and became a source of strength for us. We used them to encourage ourselves. I would go to the pile of letters marked with Funny if we needed a laugh, or to the Disabled box to find advice from people in wheelchairs or even in bed living happily and successfully.These letters, we realized, had to be shared. And so here we offer one of them to you.Dear Chris, My husband and I were so sorry to hear of your riding accident last week. No doubt your family and your friends are giving you the strength to face this difficult challenge. People everywhere are also giving you best wishes every day and we are among those who are keeping you alive.Yours Sincerely,Nancy Reagan析：记叙文，残疾人Chris得到社会关爱，勇敢面对生活。【江西】In the summer vacation of 1997, I was fixed with a job. I worked as a (n) assistant at Mr. Breens fruit shop .The fruit shop did good business. Most of the trade came from the housewives who lived in the neighborhood, but he also had regular customers who arrived outside the shop in cars. Mr. Breen knew them all by name and they sometimes even had their order already made up , always getting me to carry it out to their car . They were clearly long-standing customers, and I 真的不掉线吗？、？suppose they must have stayed faithful to him because he had promised to sell good quality fruit. He had a way with them I had to admit that. He called every woman “madam” for a start , even those who clearly were not, but when he said it , it did not sound like flattery (奉承). It just sounded polite in an old-fashioned way. He was a great chatter as well. If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, but if he did, he would ask about their families or make jokes, always cutting his cloth according to his customers. Whatever their bills came to , be always gave them back the few odd pence (零钱), and I am sure they thought he was very generous (慷慨). But I thought he was the opposite. He never threw anything away. He was always looking for something for nothing.析：记叙文，作者暑假打工的生活体验和对社会的真实感受。【辽宁】Scott and his panions were terribly disappointed. When they got to the South Pole, they found the Norwegians（挪威人）had beaten them in the race to be the first ever to reach it. After planting the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.The journey was unexpectedly slow and the joy and excitement about the Pole had gone out of them. The sun hardly appeared. The snow storms always made it impossible to sight the stones they had set up to mark their way home. To make things worse, Evans, whom they had all thought of as the strongest of the five, fell badly into a deep hole in the ice. Having struggled along for several days, he suddenly fell down and died.The four who were left pushed on at the best speed they could manage. Captain Oates had been suffering for some time from his frozen fact; at night his feet swelled（肿胀） so large that he could hardly put his boots on the next morning, and he walked bravely although he was in great pain . He knew his slowness was making it less likely that the others could save themselves. He asked them to leave him behind in his sleeping-bag, but they refused, and helped him on a few more miles, until it was time to put up the tent for another night.The following morning, while the other three were still in their sleeping-bags, he said. “I am just going outside and may be gone some time.” He was never seen again. He had walked out alone into the snow storm, hoping that his death would help his panions.析：记叙文，在从南极返回的艰难途中，Oates牺牲自己帮助同伴【山东】My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was special. He never criticized us, but used praise to bring out our best. Hed say, “If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you dont give them water, they die.” I remember as a child I said something unkind about somebody and my father said, “Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, its a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best inpeople, I would get the best in return. From then on Ive alw