全国2020高考英语大一轮复习话题版主题语境Unit1个人情况一课件.ppt

,个人情况(一),主题语境一Unit1,PART1,基础知识过关,PART2,考点互动探究,PART3,话题与高考,PART1,基础知识过关,自主练习，巩固基础；语境运用，融会贯通,1.Theartsareefficienteconomicdriversandwhentheyaresupported，theentiresmall-businessmunity(受益).(2018江苏)2.Thisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswayto(财宝)IslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.(2017全国)3.Areyoujustlookingforaplaceto(放松)afteralongday？(2018全国)4.My(爱好)arereading，listeningandwatchingbirds.5.Danceexpressesloveandhate，(快乐)andsorrow，lifeanddeath，andeverythingelseinbetween.(2018全国)6.Tomislookingforanotherjob，becausehefeelsthatnothinghedoes(使满意)hisboss.,.单词拼写,benefits,Treasure,relax,hobbies,joy,satisfies,查看答案,7.OntheInternet，peoplecanseekinformationabouttheir(最喜爱的)stars.(2017江苏)8.Someofuswereconfidentand(渴望的)totakepartintheclassactivity；otherswerenervousandanxious.(2018全国)9.Ofthetwowaysofsharingbooks，thelatterwinsmy(喜爱).10.Its(奇怪的)howthingsneverhappenthewayyouexpectthemto.,查看答案,favourite,eager,favour,funny,.单句语法填空,1.Theextensive(collect)consistsofmasterworksinsculpture，coloredglass，andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.(2018江苏)2.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere，Dawsonwasnever(fort).(2018全国)3.Foreignvisitorsarerequiredtobepossessionofapassport.4.Ofcourse，youwanttomakesurethatyoubeeanacceptedand(value)partofyourneighborhood.(2018浙江)5.Koalasaresuchagreat(attract)forvisitorsthatmanyzoosaretryingtoincludethemamongtheirspecies.,fortable,collection,in,valuable,attraction,查看答案,6.Friendshipisapersonalrelationshipthathasa(various)ofsocialbenefits.7.(curious)gotthebestofmeasIknewitwouldbestartingtogetdarksoon.(2018天津)8.Whichactivitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogo(camp)？(2018全国)9.Hedidnotpromiseeasily，butwaswillingtoacceptanyconstructiveadvicefora(worth)cause.(2016江苏)10.Theteahousewitnessedareally(enjoy)timeforallofus.(2018北京),查看答案,variety,Curiosity,camping,worthy,enjoyable,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),1.CanyoudomefavourandtellKellyImhere?2.Itisveryworthvisitingtheartmuseum.3.Outofthecuriosity，Brownspenthoursatthelocallibrarysearchingforinformationonthepilot.4.Ifwefailtodosuch，wewilllivetoregretit.5.Jennysaidthatplayingbasketballisherfavouritestsport.,a,well,so,favourite,查看答案,.选词填空,1.ThechildrentheUSpresidentsdaughters.2.Itherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.3.Johnthinksitwontbelongbeforeheisreadytothenewjob.4.Ithisdank(阴湿的)weather.Itstimethatwehadsomesunshine.5.WhatusmostisLeonardodaVinci,whowasnotonlyapainter,butalsotookupprofessionsasamusicianandanarchitect.6.Hevisitinghisbirthplaceagain.,查看答案,werefondof,aminterestedin,takeup,amfedupwith,appealsto,iskeenon,.同义词语替换,1.Sportscanbeveryvaluable，especiallytopeoplewhousetheirbrainsmostoftheday._2.Sheismadaboutclassicalmusicandwillnotmissanychancetoattendaconcert._3.Sporthasbeeanimportantformofentertainment，interestingbothmenandwomen._4.Employersnaturallyprefercandidateswithsomepreviousexperienceofthejob._5.Readingfairytalesdidntengagehisinterestforlong._,ofgreatvalue,iscrazyabout,appealingto,favour,attract,查看答案,PART2,考点互动探究,直击重点，突破难点，解决疑点，掌握热点,attractvt.吸引；引起(的兴趣),1,(1)attractonesattention吸引某人的注意attract.to.把吸引到(2)attractionn.吸引，吸引力；有吸引力的事物或人havenoattractionforsb.对某人没有吸引力(3)attractiveadj.有吸引力的；引人注意的,1,(1)Thegovernmentistryingtoattractindustrythearea.(2)Dalianisso(attract)aplacethatlotsoftouristsvisitthecityeveryyear.(3)Mosttourist(attract)inChinaarelittered，theworstofwhichisthislake.(4)Hernewclothesare(引起了很大关注).,查看答案,to,attractive,attractions,attractingalotofattention,2,benefitv.有益于；有助于；受益n.好处；利益；成效,(1)benefitsb./sth.对某人/物有益benefitfrom/by从中受益(2)beofbenefitto对有益foronesbenefitforthebenefitofsb.为了某人的利益(3)beneficialadj.有益的bebeneficialto对有益,2,一句多译新规定对所有学生都有好处。(1)(beofbenefit)(2)(beneficial)(3)(benefitfrom)(4)(benefitvt.)易错点拨benefit作为及物动词，其宾语总是“受益者”，而不能是所受的“益处”。要表示“受益于某事(物)”，英语习惯上用benefitby/fromsth.。,查看答案,Thenewregulationwillbeofbenefittoallthestudents.,Thenewregulationwillbebeneficialtoallthestudents.,Allthestudentswillbenefitfromthenewregulation.,Thenewregulationwillbenefitallthestudents.,3,collectv.收集；搜集；募集；集中,(1)collectmoney(for)(为)募捐(2)collectionn.收集；聚集；收藏品；募捐acollectionof一批收藏的；许多的(3)collectorn.收藏家；采集者collectiveadj.集体的；共同的n.集体；团体；全体人员,(1)Material(collect)tookusawholeweek，duringwhichweinterviewedourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspectofschoollife.(2017北京)材料收集花了我们整整一个星期的时间，在此期间，我们采访了老师们并拍摄了学校生活的方方面面。(2)ItriedtobutIwastooexcited.我想镇定下来，但是我太激动了。(3)Heisfaminerelief.他正在为赈济饥民募捐。(4)Thereisinanunusedroom.空着不用的房间积起了大量灰尘。,collecting,collectmythoughts,collectingmoneyfor,acollectionofdust,查看答案,易混辨析collect，gather表示“搜集”“聚集”，二者有时可互换。gather通常只表示把分散的人或物聚拢在一起，而collect则指有计划、有条理地为了某一目的而进行的较为精心的搜集，例如：Hecollectsstamps.中的collects不可用gathers代替。,(1)infort(fortably)舒服地takefortfrom从中得到安慰(2)fortableadj.舒适的，安逸的fortablyadv.舒服地,4,fortn.&v.安慰，慰藉；(使)安逸，舒适,(1)Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebee(fort)withthetechnology.(2018北京)(2)Thissociablefeastinvolvesdrinkinggoodqualitytea(fort)whilenibbling(小口吃)onnicesandwiches，sconeswithjamandcreamandaselectionofsmallcakes.(2019宁夏银川一中模拟)(3)Theyenjoybetterhealthowingtorecentadvancesinmedicineandinpublichealthcare.Theyalsoenjoyallthe(fort)ofmodernlife.(4)同义句改写Theoldmanislivingfortably.Theoldmanisliving.,查看答案,fortable,fortably,forts,infort,易错点拨(1)fort意为“安逸，舒适”时，为不可数名词；意为“给予援助或安慰的人或事”时，为可数名词。类似的词还有surprise，success，failure，pleasure等。(2)fortable既可表示“感到舒服的”，也可表示“令人舒服的”，但不表示“安慰的”，所以“他的话让我颇感安慰”不宜译为：Whathesaidmademeveryfortable.可译为：Whathesaidgavemegreatfort.。,beeagertodo.渴望做beeagerforsth.急于得到beeagerforsb.todo.希望某人做beeagerthat.热切地希望从句常用“(should)do”,5,eageradj.热切的；渴望的,(1)Bothstressedtheir(eager)tohearfromreadersandlistenersonsocialnetworks.(2019福建莆田九中模拟)(2)Angieandtheothergirlswereeager(see)whatkindofwildjumpJaniewouldattempt.(2019黑龙江鹤岗一中模拟)(3)同义句改写Weareeagerhimtohelpus.Weareeagerthat.易错点拨(1)eager后面习惯不接fordoingsth.，可接todosth.。(2)tooeagertodo.急于做，而非“太着急而不能做”。如：Theyaretooeagertoshowofftheirbeautifulgarden.他们急于炫耀他们漂亮的花园。,查看答案,eagerness,tosee,for,he(should)helpus,联想发散表达“急切/盼望(做)”的短语还有：beanxiousfor/todo.，longfor，begreedyfor，behungryfor，bedyingfor/todo.，bethirstyfor，bekeenon/todo.等。,6,funn.乐趣；快乐；有趣的人或事,(1)havefun玩得开心；作乐，玩乐havefun(in)doingsth.Thereisfun(in)doingsth.做某事有乐趣for/infun开玩笑地，不是认真地Whatfunitis.！多么有趣！makefunof嘲笑；取笑(2)funnyadj.滑稽的；可笑的,(1)funitistojumpintotheriverforaswiminsummer!(2)Imnotsayingitfun.(3)Havefun(pick)amottoandthemesongforyourlife.(4)ThearticlemadefunvariouspeopleandthingsinBoston.(5)Ihadgreatfun(play)cardswiththem.易错点拨fun无论作何种意义讲，都是不可数名词，以下例子中fun虽用作表语，但仍为名词，而非形容词，故可用great，much，alotof等形容词修饰，而不可用very修饰。如：Whydontyouewithus?Itllbegreatfun.。,查看答案,What,for/in,picking,of,playing,relaxedadj.轻松的；松懈的；宽松的relaxingadj.使人放松的relaxationn.放松，休息；娱乐活动根据语境用relax的正确形式填空(1)Feelingsafeandwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.(2)Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunand.(2018全国)(3)Notonlydiditgetusclosetonatureandgiveusfromheavyschoolwork，butitalsopromotedthefriendshipamongus.,7,relaxvt.&vi.(使)松弛；(使)松懈；(使)休息；放松,relaxed,relaxing,relaxation,查看答案,易错点拨汉语可说“自我放松”“使自己放松”，但英语中的relax习惯上不接反身代词作宾语。,(1)satisfy/meetonesneeds/demands满足某人的需要/要求(2)satisfiedadj.(感到)满意的besatisfiedtodo./with.对(做)感到满意(3)satisfyingadj.令人满意的(4)satisfactionn.满意in/withsatisfaction满意地toonessatisfaction使某人满意的是,8,satisfyv.使满意，使满足；满足(需求、需要等),(1)Thestoryhada(satisfy)ending.(2)Shefinishedhermealandgavea(satisfy)smile.(3)Shelookedatthefinishedpainting(满意地).(4)同义句改写Iwassatisfiedwithwhathehaddoneforme.Whathehaddoneforme.,查看答案,satisfying,satisfied,with/insatisfaction,satisfiedme,9,(1)beofvalue(bevaluable)有价值的begood/badvalueformoney钱花得值/不值value.at.估价为(2)valuableadj.贵重的，有价值的；很有用的invaluableadj.无价的；非常宝贵的(priceless)valuelessadj.无价值的；没有用的,valuen.价值；重要性v.估价；重视,(1)Hevaluedthehouseforme$50,000.(2)Expertssayitsa(n)(value)socialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.(2018全国)(3)Thiscar(钱花得值).(4)同义句改写ThewaystolearnEnglishareveryvaluabletousstudents.ThewaystolearnEnglishtousstudents.,查看答案,at,invaluable,isgoodvalueformoney,areofgreatvalue,(1)avarietyofvarietiesof种种的；各种各样的(2)varyv.变化；改变varyfrom.to.由到不等varywith随变化varyin在方面变化(3)variousadj.各种各样的；不同的,10,varietyn.种类；多样性；变化,(1)Thevarietyofhisbooks(be)astonishing.(2)Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit，butthecausesofangerare(vary).(2018北京)(3)Opinionsonthismatter(因人而异).链接高考写作翻译句子(4)除了定期训练之外，我们的团队还将参加各种活动。(2017全国)_易错点拨avarietyof名词，作主语时，谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；thevarietyof复数名词，意为“的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,is,various,varyfrompersontoperson,Ourteam，apartfromregulartraining，willjoininavarietyofactivities.,查看答案,(1)worth常用的结构：beworthn.值得；值的beworthdoingsth.值得做某事(2)worthy常用的结构：beworthy(3)worthwhile常用的结构：Itsworthwhile,11,worthadj.值的；具有价值的；值得的,ofsth.ofbeingdone值得做tobedone,todosth.doingsth.,做某事是值得的。,一句多译这家工厂值得参观。(1)(worth)(2)(worthyofn.)(3)(worthyofbeingdone)(4)(worthytobedone)(5)(worthwhile),查看答案,Thefactoryisworthvisiting/avisit.,Thefactoryisworthyofavisit.,Thefactoryisworthyofbeingvisited.,Thefactoryisworthytobevisited.,Itsworthwhilevisiting/tovisitthefactory.,(1)bepossessedof具有(某种品质或能力)(2)possessionn.拥有；(pl.)财产；所有物beinpossessionof拥有(主语为人)beinthepossessionofsb.beinonespossession某物被某人拥有eintoonespossession为某人所拥有take/eintopossessionof拥有,12,possessvt.拥有；具有；支配,(1)Astheoldsayinggoes，“Atruefriendisthebest(possess).”单句改错(2)Withthedevelopmentofpeopleslivingconditions，moreandmorepeoplepossessoftheirowncars.一句多译(3)他拥有那家公司。(inpossessionof)(用thepany作主语)(用he作主语并用possession短语),查看答案,possession,Heisinpossessionofthepany.,Thepanyisinthepossessionofhim/inhispossession.,Hetakespossessionofthepany.,13,befedupwith受够了；厌烦,feedon以为食feed.on.用喂feed.with.供给，提供feed食物to.用某物喂养(1)Owlsfeedmiceandothersmallanimals.(2)Pleasefeedsomegrassthecow.句式升级(3)Sheisfedupwithhislies，soshewontbelieveinhimanylonger.(用形容词短语作状语改写)_,查看答案,Fedupwithhislies，shewontbelieveinhimanylonger.,on,to,图解助记联想发散其他表示“受够了，厌烦”的短语：beboredwith，betiredof，besickof。,bekeenon(doing)sth.热衷于；喜欢bekeentodo/ondoing.热衷于做；很想做bekeenthat.(should)do.希望(1)Moststudentsarekeensports.(2)Heiskeen(pass)theexamination.(3)Heiskeenthatshe(e)toseehim.,14,bekeenon热衷于,查看答案,on,topass,(should)e,易错点拨bekeen后跟从句时，从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即(should)do。联想发散表示“渴望”的短语还有：longfor，longtodo，behungryfor，bethirstyfor，desiretodo，beeagerto，beanxiousto等。,15,appealto呼吁，恳求；吸引,(1)appealtosb.for/todo.向某人呼吁/恳求某人做appealtosb.吸引某人；投某人所好(2)appealn.呼吁；恳求；吸引力；上诉v.有感染力；呼吁；恳求；上诉；有吸引力makeanappealtosb.forsth.为某事向某人呼吁/恳求makeanappealtosb.todosth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事(3)appealingadj.吸引人的；恳求的,查看答案,(1)Inwinter，Beijingoffersthecitysfun-seekersmany(appeal)options，fromroyalgardenstowinterresorts.(2018皖南八校模拟)(2)Wemadeanappealtothevillagersmoneytobuildthebridge.(3)He(呼吁)otherleaderstodonateforthecause.,appealing,for,appealedto/madeanappealto,16,takeup拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占用(时间、空间),takein收留；吸收；欺骗；领会takeon雇用；呈现；承担takeover接任；接替takeoff脱掉；起飞；成功takedown写下；拆除,查看答案,写出下列句子中takeup的汉语意思(1)Peterwilltakeuphispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth._(2)Thischaptertakesupwherethelastoneleftoff._(3)Wetriedtofindatableforseven，buttheywerealltakenup._(4)Areyougoingtotakeupthechallengeoflastingawholeweekwithoutarguing？_,开始从事,继续,占用,接受,17,IthasbeesuchanimportantpartinmylifethatIcanhardlyimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmusic.音乐已成为我生命中重要的一部分。真的很难想象，如果没有音乐(我的)生活将会怎样。,句型：such.that.,so/such.that.引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。(1)such.that.句型的常见形式：sucha/anadj.n.that.suchadj.n.(复数或不可数)that.(2)so.that.句型的常见形式：soadj./adv.that.soadj.a/ann.that.somany/much/few/little(少)n.that.(3)当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。,查看答案,(1)Theyarelittleboysandeatlittlefoodthatwealllovethemverymuch.句式升级(2)Itwassocoldadaythattherewasnobodyinthestreet.Itwastherewasnobodyinthestreet.(用such.that.改写)thattherewasnobodyinthestreet.(用倒装改写),such,so,suchacolddaythat,Socoldadaywasit,18,NeverforamomentcanIstopmyloveforreadingbecausebooksarewiseteachersaswellasgoodfriendsinmylife.我对阅读的热爱一刻也不能停止，因为在我的生活中书是良师益友。,句型：否定词位于句首引起的倒装句,否定词置于句首，要用部分倒装语序，即把谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或be动词)提到主语之前。这类否定词或含有否定意义的短语主要有：no，not，never，little，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，notuntil，neither.nor.，notonly.butalso.，nosooner.than.，hardly.when.，innosense，innoway，innocase，bynomeans，onnoaccount，atnotime，undernocircumstances等。,查看答案,同义句改写将下列句子改为倒装句(1)Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilm.suchamovingfilm.(2)Ihardlythinkitpossibletofinishtheworkbeforedark.tofinishtheworkbeforedark.,NeverhaveIseen,HardlydoIthinkitpossible,查看答案,一句多译(3)直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。thedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.thedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareasuntilrecently.thedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.,Notuntilrecentlydidtheyencourage,Theydidntencourage,Itwasnotuntilrecentlythattheyencouraged,易错点拨(1)当notuntil位于句首时，notuntil所在的从句不倒装，主句要用倒装语序。(2)notonly.butalso.连接两个并列句且notonly位于句首时，notonly后的句子倒装，butalso后的句子不倒装。(3)neither.nor.连接并列的句子时，(因neither/nor都是否定意义的词)前后两句都用倒装语序。,19,Thereasonisthatittakeslesstimetounderstandthewholestoryinthefilm.原因是在电影中花更少的时间就能理解整个故事情节。,句型：Ittakestime(forsb.)todo.Ittakes/took(sb.)sometimetodo.花了(某人)多少时间做，表达“花费”的其他句型：(1)sb.spend.on/indoingsth.(2)sth.costsb.(3)sb.pay钱forsth.(4)sb.buy.for钱,查看答案,(1)myfeet.我花了好几年才重新找到自己。根据语境用take，spend，cost，pay，buy的正确形式填空(2)I$120onthebooks.(3)Ittheboymostofhisfreetimetolearndrawing.(4)She200aweekforthisapartment.(5)Goodwordsnothing，butareworthmuch.(6)Hethebagfortendollars.,Ittookmeyearstogetbackon,spent,takes,pays,cost,bought,20,Itsstrangethatfishingisntaseasytolearnasitseems.很奇怪的是钓鱼不像看起来那样容易学。,句型：as.as.,as.as.像一样；正如(1)结构特点：第一个as为副词，修饰形容词或副词的原级。第二个as为连词，引导状语从句；也可是介词，其后加名词或代词。(2)否定式：notas/so.as.不如。(3)表达倍数关系时则为：倍数as.as.。(4)当as.as.中间有名词时，应采用如下形式：asadj.a/ann.as或asadj.n.(复数或不可数)as。(5)as.asonecan/couldas.aspossible尽可能。,(1)IhadsailingtheseasInowdoworkingwithstudents.航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。(2)Shehashermother.她的声音像她妈妈的一样甜美。(3)Asweallknow，AsiaisEurope.众所周知，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。,查看答案,asmuchfun,as,assweetavoiceas,fourtimesaslargeas,PART3,话题与高考,话题下的高考研究，对高考的把握要“准”,(2017浙江，B)GettinglesssleephasbeeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(调查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights，eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday，and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.,话题下的阅读理解,Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest：mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschool-agechildren，tenhoursisideal(理想的).ButthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?WatchTV.,“MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson，andtherearemoreopportunities(机会)tostayawake，withmorehomework，theInternetandthephone，”saysDrMaryCarskadon，asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagersbodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics，butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.,Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers，someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago，schoolsinEdina，Minnesota，changedthestarttimefrom7：25amto8：30am.Students，parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.,25.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?A.Americankidssleepinghabits.B.Teenagerssleep-relateddiseases.C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness.D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段列举的一系列数字可知，国家睡眠基金会对一定年龄段孩子的睡眠习惯进行了调查，这也呼应了本段第一句“GettinglesssleephasbeeabadhabitformostAmericankids.”，故选A项。,答案,解析,25,26,27,26.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?A.7hours.B.8hours.C.10hours.D.18hours.解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第四句“Formostschool-agechildren，tenhoursisideal(理想的).”可知选C项。,答案,解析,25,26,27,27.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?A.Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals.B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.C.Theyfollowtheirparentsexamples.D.Theydontneedtogotoschoolearly.解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson，andtherearemoreopportunities(机会)tostayawake，withmorehomework，theInternetandthephone.”以及第二句中的“.theseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.”可知，孩子们在睡觉前看电视、写作业、上网或打电话都容易让他们产生兴奋感而不愿意睡觉，故选B项。,答案,解析,25,26,27,名师指津.宏观把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知本文是一篇说明文。文章指出了美国孩子睡眠缺乏的问题，列举了不同年龄段的孩子所需的睡眠时间、青少年晚睡的原因以及学校为解决青少年的睡眠问题所采取的措施。文章的脉络如下：,.微观排障长难句分析Accordingtoanewsurvey(调查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights，eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.句式分析：该句中AccordingtoanewsurveybytheNationalSleepFoundation是状语；aged10to18是过去分词短语作定语；eventhough引导一个让步状语从句。翻译：_,根据国家睡眠基金会的一项新的调查，51%的10到18周岁的孩子在上学期间晚上10点或更晚上床休息，尽管他们还得早起。,查看答案,.词汇积累1.abadhabit坏习惯2.fallasleep睡着3.dependaloton很大程度上取决于4.stayawake保持清醒5.calmdown平静下来6.hormonen.荷尔蒙7.characteristicn.特点，特征,技法点拨定位法巧解事实细节题本文的三道题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接关联，从阅读材料中可以直接找到答案。这种题难度较低，只要学生读懂文章就能得分，属于低层次题。,在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后与选项进行比较和分析