高考英语真题汇编：名词与冠词.doc

第一节 名词与冠词第一部分 近年高考题荟萃2009年高考题1. (09安徽31) China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge答案 A2. (09福建29) The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration答案 A 解析 名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁，延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑，体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时，世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。3. (09湖北25) Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character答案 D解析 根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性，不会增强尊敬或名声，友谊可以增强，但与前面health不搭配，故答案为character。4. (09湖北26) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure答案 A. 解析 根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本，这是下课的暗示，选项中只能选择signal。chance“机会”，mark“分数，痕迹”，measure“方法，措施”。5. (09江西23) The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms 答案 C 解析 名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易6. (09海南32) Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push答案 D解析 句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推，挤，逼迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意，应选D。7. (09山东29)He says that my new car is a _ of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lack B. load C. question D. waste答案 D 解析 考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意，尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。8. (09陕西20) Form their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation答案 B 解析 名词词义辨析；stage：舞台，时期，阶段；position：位置；condition：条件，情况；situation：形式，情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。9. (09天津1) Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. Leisure答案 C10(09浙江6) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. access B. passageC. wayD. approach答案 A11. (09安徽21) We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 答案 A12. (09北京33) The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 答案 B13. (09江西25) Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a 答案 A 解析 考查冠词用法。Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指，weather 这里是特指全球的气候，根据the weather around the world 可知。14. (09海南22) Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for whileA. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a答案 B 解析 考查冠词的用法go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while 固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。15. (09陕西6) What pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the答案 C 解析 考查冠词。第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that，用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指，用定冠词the，选C。16. (09四川14) In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 答案 B 解析 考查冠词的用法。该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一，再一。 7(09浙江2) I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the答案 D18. (09重庆26) Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a 答案 B19. (09全国14) What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the 答案 D2008年高考题1.(08全国8)Its not good idea to drive for four hours without break.A.a;a B.the;aC.the;theD.a;the答案 A解析 本题考查冠词。句意为：开车四个小时而不休息不是一个好主意。第一空“一个好主意”是泛指；without a break是习惯用法，break也是泛指。2.(08天津11)Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ _ like coal， gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products答案 A解析 coal，gas and oil均为“燃料(fuels)”。3.(08安徽24)To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten，the students in our school started a discussion“Save Our ”.A.Sky B.Life C.Arts D.Voices答案 D解析 由语境可知，此处指人类的语言，而语言是人类说的，因此用voices，而不用其他选项。4.(08江西27)Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry.This is not the right to invite me.I am too tired to walk.A.moment B.situationC.place D.chance答案 A解析 句意为：我们出去散散步好吗？对不起，这不是邀请我的合适的时间，我太累了而不想去散步。A项“某一时刻，片刻”；B项“情形，状况”；C项“地方”；D项“机会”。5.(08江西30)I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.It is not your fault.With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain， it is no wonder you were late.A.a; a B.the; the C./; / D./; a答案 B解析 句意为：开会来晚了我非常抱歉。这不是你的错，这正是上下班的高峰期而且又下了大雨，难怪你来晚了。第一个空特指高峰时间拥挤的交通；第二个空特指双方所指的大雨。6.(08湖北21)The young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A.predictionB.promiseC.planD.contribution 答案 B解析 句意为：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise许诺，答应，其后的that从句为同位语从句，补充说明先行词promise的内容，其他选项不合句意。7.(08湖北22)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly . A.atmosphere B.state C.situation D.phenomenon答案 A解析 句意为：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere气氛，氛围；state状态；situation形势，局面；phenomenon现象。8.(08湖南22) Have you heard news? The price of petrol is going up again!A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/答案 C解析 句意为：你听说这消息了吗？油价又上涨了！第一空特指下文的消息，应用定冠词the；第二空后的petrol为泛指，且是不可数名词，故不用冠词。9.(08陕西10) I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train. A. the;a B. the;the C. a;the D. a;a答案 C解析 sandwich是可数名词，且在句中首次出现，表示泛指，其前须加不定冠词；而“二十点零八分的火车”是特指的惟一的概念，故其前须加定冠词the。10.(08四川8) In the United States，there is always flow of people to areas of country where more jobs can be found.A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a答案 A解析 句意为：在美国，总有人不断地涌入乡村地区，在那里可以找到更多的工作。a flow of表示“大量涌入（某地）”；the country/countryside表示“乡村”，与定冠词the连用。11.(08重庆27) In many places in China， bicycle is still popular means of transportation.A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the答案 C解析 the+名词表一类，后面用a修饰，指一种的方式。12.(08浙江2) _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An;the B. The;the C. An;/ D. The;/答案 A解析 第一个空指一个苹果，是泛指；第二个空考查hit sb. in/on the+部位，表示“击打某人的某个部位”。13.(08浙江15) Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. sense B. view C. means D. idea答案 A解析 a sense of smell嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏，经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。14.(08福建32) Whats the of having a public open space where you cant eat，drink or even simply hang out for a while?A.senseB.matterC.caseD.opinion答案 A解析 本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？sense意义；matter问题，麻烦；case情况，问题；opinion意见，看法。四个选项中只能A项符合语境。15.(08辽宁24) My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk， but I dont think Ive got _ energy.A. a;/B. the; theC. /;theD. a; the答案 D解析 句意为：我的邻居叫我去散步，但我认为我没有（那样的）力气。第一个空go for a walk为固定短语；第二个空特指散步用的力气。16.(08山东21) We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/答案 B解析 by sea经海路，by the sea在海边；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常加定冠词the。17.(08江苏21) Students should be encouraged to use Internet as resource.A./aB./;theC.the;theD.the;a答案 D解析 the Internet因特网，为固定搭配；as a resource“作为一种资源”，此处用a表示泛指。18.(08山东34) I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale;it was a real .A.exchangeB.bargainC.tradeD.business答案 B解析 bargain用作名词时，意为“廉价货，便宜货”，a real bargain意为“真便宜”。2004-07年高考题A组1.(07天津12) One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living . A.billsB.expensesC.pricesD.charges答案 B解析 句意为：一月1 000美元不是一笔财富，但是能帮助支付我的生活费用。A项为“账单”；B项为“花费；费用”；C项为“价格”;D项为“价格；索价”。2.(07上海43) My morning includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast. A.drillB.actionC.regulationD.routine答案 D解析 drill操练;action行为;regulation规则，条例;routine惯例，常规。由句意可知D项正确。3.(07安徽32) The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common in many parts of the city. A.lookB.signC.sightD.appearance答案 C解析 sight风景;look表情;sign迹象，现象;appearance出现，显露。4.(07湖北23) Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats，there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.A.pointB.ideaC.attitudeD.sight答案 C解析 point点;意义;idea主意，念头;attitude态度，看法;sight视力。句意为:尽管对一个人的饮食的态度有着很大的不同，但是毫无疑问西方人把中国的饮食看作是某种特殊的东西。5.(07陕西12) He and his wife are of the same ;they both want their son to go to college.A.soulB.spiritC.heartD.mind答案 D解析 本题考查名词词义辨析。soul心灵，灵魂;spirit精神;heart心，心脏;mind想法，主意;be of the same mind为固定短语，意为“对看法相同，主意一样”，符合句意。6.(07浙江12) Of the seven days in a week，Saturday is said to be the most popular for a wedding in some countries.A.wayB.situationC.eventD.choice答案 D解析 句意为:在某些国家，一周的七天里星期六是举行婚礼最佳的日子。way方式，方法;situation状况，处境;event事情，事件;choice挑选，选择。根据题意，应选D项。7.(07福建31) You are always full of .Can you tell me the secret?Taking plenty of exercise every day.A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.energy答案 D解析 本题考查名词词义辨析。power权力，势力；strength力气，优势;force力，武力;energy精力;be full of energy指“精力旺盛”，符合题意。8.(07辽宁25) Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a of exercise. A.limitB.lackC.needD.demand答案 B解析 a lack of缺乏。句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。9.(06全国11) It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A.useB.helpC.timeD.why答案 B解析 本题考查名词辨析。句意为：和比尔争辩是没用的，因为他从来不会改变主意的。应用句型Itsno use doing sth.= Its useless doing sth.。10.(06天津15) Finding information in todays world is easy.The is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not. A.abilityB.competitionC.challengeD.knowledge答案 C解析 句意为:在当今世界找到信息很容易，难题在于你如何判断你所获取的信息是否有用。challenge挑战，（具有挑战性或刺激性的）任务;ability能力；competition竞赛。11.(06浙江17)If you like I can do some shopping for you.Thats a very kind .A.offerB.serviceC.pointD.suggestion答案 A解析 本题考查名词的用法。offer意为“提议，提供，提出”；service服务；point意义；点；suggestion建议。句意为：如果你喜欢的话，我可以给你买点东西。那是个好的提议。12.(06福建35) Always read the on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A.explanationsB.instructions C.descriptionsD.introductions答案 B解析 考查名词用法。instructions说明书;explanations解释;descriptions描述;introductions介绍。13.(06湖北21) To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their andweaknesses. A.strengthB.benefitsC.techniquesD.values答案 A解析 考查词义辨析。此外strength表示“优势、优点”时是可数名词，其余三项与weakness(弱点)搭配不恰当。14.(06江西28) It is said that dogs will keep you for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A.safetyB.companyC.houseD.friend答案 B解析 题意为：据说当你感到孤独时，只要你需要，狗都会一直陪伴你。safety安全;company伙伴；house房屋；friend朋友。keep sb. company陪伴某人，根据题意选B项。15.(05辽宁27) The head office of the bank is in Beijing，but it has all over the country. A.companiesB.branchesC.organizationsD.businesses答案 A解析 本题考查名词的区别。company公司；organization组织；business商业，买卖；branch分支，分部，分店等。故选B项。 16.(05安徽28) My of this weekends activity is going out with some good friends.A.idea B.opinionC.mindD.thought解析 本题考查名词的区别。idea主意，想法，打算；opinion观点，表示对某事情的评论；mind思维，心思；thought想法。根据题意“我打算本周末与好朋友一起外出。”选A答案。 17.(05上海43) He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen as its best when he worked with others.A.temperB.appearanceC.talentD.character答案 D解析 句意为：在与别人共事时，他证明了自己是真正的绅士，同时他的人性美也得到了充分的展示。temper心情;脾气；appearance外表，外貌；talent才能，天才。18.(05天津10) Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his . A.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind答案 C解析 本题考查名词同义词的辨析。ability能力；force暴力，武力；strength体力，力气；mind智力；精神。句意为：比尔正在做大量运动，目的是增强他的体力。19.(04全国28) The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.A.lengthB.distanceC.wayD.space答案 B解析 length长度；distance距离；way道路；space空间，太空。根据句子的意思，答案选B项，指离那儿60英里远的地方。20.(04湖北21) Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children.A.handB.reachC.spaceD.distance答案 B解析 hand支配；reach够得着的地方；space空间；distance距离。根据句意，答案选B项。B组1.(07全国19)Could you tell me the way to Johnsons，please?Sorry，we dont have Johnson here in the village.A.the；theB.the;aC./；theD.the；/2.(07北京22) I looked under bed and found book I lost last week.A.the;aB.the;theC./;theD.the;/答案 B解析 bed为特指，指双方都知道的那张床;故用定冠词the;book后有定语从句I lost last week，故也为特指“上周丢的那本书”。3.(07天津3) I wanted to catch early train，but couldnt get ride to the station.A.an；theB./;theC.an;/D.the;a答案 D解析 句意为：我想赶上早班火车，但没赶上去车站的车。第一空有形容词early修饰，应为特指；第二空泛指去车站的车。4.(07江西26) Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.A.a;/B.the;aC.the;theD./;a答案 A解析 diet可作可数名词，go on a diet为固定搭配“节食;吃健康的食品”;make room for为留机会或余地，其中room为不可数名词。5.(07湖南23) Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as platform for hunting seals.A.a;aB.a;theC./;aD.the;/答案 C解析 sea ice为物质名词，因此其前不加冠词;platform讲台;平台，为可数名词，在此为泛指“一种平台”。6.(07四川22) How about taking short break?I want to make call. A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a答案 D解析 have/take a break休息一下，为固定短语。make a call打电话，是习惯用法。7.(07重庆24) George couldnt remember when he first met Mr.Anderson，but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church. A./;theB.the;/C.a;/D./;a答案 C解析 a Sunday某个星期天;at church做礼拜，为固定短语。句意为：但他确定那是个周日，因为大家都在做礼拜。8.(07浙江4) I like color of your skirt.It is good match for your blouse. A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the答案 C解析 本题考查冠词。“你裙子的颜色”是特指，应用the;“与你的衬衣是很好的搭配”表泛指用a。9.(07福建22) How about Christmas evening party?I should say it was success.A.a;aB.the;aC.a;/D.the;/答案 B解析 Christmas evening party特指双方都知道的圣诞晚会，是特指;而success前加a，表示成功的人或事，是将抽象名词具体化了。10.(07辽宁21) Christmas is special holiday when whole family are supposed to get together. A.the;theB.a;aC.the;aD.a;the答案 D解析 第一个空白处填a表示“类别”；the whole family特指“一家人”。11.(07江西26) Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.A.a; /B.the; a C.the; theD./; a 答案 A解析 分析句子可知，第一个空用a表示“一种”，某些不可数的抽象名词前用a/an表示某种具体的情况或概念。如：a great pleasure。第二个空不用冠词，make room腾出空间/时间，room在此为不可数名词，意为“时间”。12.(07山东21) walk is expected to last all day，so bring packed lunch. A.A;aB.The;/C.The;aD.A;/答案 C解析 第一个空格处表特指，即预料到这次步行要花费一整天的时间，所以就带了一份盒饭作为午饭。表示一日三餐的名词前通常不加冠词，但当与形容词连用时，则需要加不定冠词。13.(06全国30) Hello，could I speak to Mr.Smith?Sorry，wrong number.There isnt Mr.Smith here.A./B.aC.theD.one答案 B解析 此题考查冠词的用法。句意为：您好，我可以与史密斯先生讲话吗？对不起，您拨错号码了，此处没有一位叫史密斯的先生。故此处泛指“任何一个叫史密斯的人”，one用来强调数量，不合要求，故答案为B项。14.(06全国19) I know you dont like music very much.But what do you think of music in the film we saw yesterday?A./;/B.the;theC.the;/D./;the答案 D解析 在第一空中，music是不可数名词为泛指，因此不用任何冠词;第二空特指我们看的电影中的音乐，因此加the。15.(06辽宁21) Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor，my fathers advice was most important one.A.the;aB./;aC./;theD.the;the答案 D解析 成为大学教授的原因，为有所指，因此第一空为定冠词。第二空因为有第一空的范围of all the reasons，故第二空为最高级，填定冠词。16.(06湖南22)In review of 44 studies，American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of heart disease by 76%.A.a;theB.the;aC.a;/D./;a答案 C解析 review是可数名词，表示泛指要用不定冠词a。heart disease心脏病，前面不加冠词。17.(06重庆25) Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops，or to use wood as fuelor as building material.A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/答案 C解析 本题考查冠词的用法。第一空为可数名词表类别，有三种形式，一是可数名词单数前加不定冠词，二是可数名词单数前加定冠词，三是用可数名词复数不加冠词。第二空指砍下的木材、材料，因此应加定冠词。18.(06山东21) For him stage is just means of making a living. A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the答案 B解析 stage在该句中表示“从艺”，是一个抽象概念，其前不可加不定冠词；means为单复数同形的名词，由句意可知此处应表示“一种方式”，用a means of。19.(06陕西15) Accordi