一般过去式的用法.doc

一般过去式的用法： 一般过去式 表示过去的动作和状态，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。 I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。一般过去式构成： 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。a.规则动词的过去式变化如下： 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played, worked played ,acted, looked called opened needed。 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped planned fitted以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried, tried ,copied ,cried, carried。 以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed play enjoy stay played enjoyed stayed规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后t，元浊d，t d之后读id。 清辅音p k f s等后，ed要读t。如：worked，finished。 元音或浊辅音b g v z m等后，ed要读d。如：lived，called。 t或d后，ed读id。如：started，needed。b.不规则动词变化不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。1动词原形和过去式完全同形。 例： hurt（伤害） put（放） let（让） 2动词原形、过去式形式完全不同。 例： give（给） gave fly（飞） flew drink（喝） drank see（看见） saw go（去） went make - made get - got buy - bought come came know（知道） knew wear（穿） wore speak（说） spokebe动词过去式有两种形式，主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was，其他人称用were6 现在分词的变化规则 一般在动词原形词尾加-ing，go push play carry going pushing playing carrying 以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing take write leave taking writing leaving 重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，要将该辅音字母双写，再加-ing cut stop fit begin forget cutting stopping fitting beginning forgetting 以ie结尾的动词，要把ie改为y，再加-ing 牛津英语6A英语语法(二) 一般过去时定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。结构：“主语+动词的过去式”用法：1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother was at work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer?2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student, I often listened to music.3. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：at that time, then, at that moment, yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year),一段时间+ago(several days ago), two days ago, a week ago, three years agoin 1990, (in 1997) ,just now, long before, long, long ago二. 动词过去式构成规则 （一）1、一般在动词原形末尾加 ed help helped, look looked, play played, work worked, listen listened, wash washed, clean cleaned,2、结尾是 e 的动词加 - dlive-lived hope-hoped use-used like - liked3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加edstop-stopped plan-planned4、结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”再加ed study-studied carry -carried cry - cried worry worried (二) 动词过去式的读音规则规则动词加-ed的读音:基本规则是轻轻,浊浊,既在轻辅音后加ed读轻辅音/t/。在浊辅音及元音后加ed读浊辅音/d/ 。例： ask asked /a:skt/, cook cooked /kukt/, pass passed /pa:st/,例： move moved /mu:vd/, live lived / livd/, listen listened /lisnd/, stay stayed /steid/在/t/ /d/ 之后念 /id/ , 即 ed 在 /t/ /d/ 音后面念 /id/例：shout shouted / , start started /sta:tid/,want wanted /wantid/, need needed /ni:did/(三)不规则动词的过去式：a.过去式与动词原形的拼写形式相同：let let, put put, read read,(注意read的过去式读red)b. i a: begin began, drink drank, give gave, ring rang, sing sang, sit sat, swim swamc. i o: drive drove, ride rode, write wroted. ow ew: grow grew, know knew, throw threwe. 含ough或augh的：bring brought, buy bought, think thought；catch caught, teach taughtf. am is -was are -were do-did can-could come-came不规则动词的过去式平时出现要留心,逐个熟记,注意积累。三. 句型转化： 1be 动词的过去时的句型如下： (1)否定句： 主语 + be动词的过去式（was, were）+ not(2)疑问句： be动词的过去式（was, were）+ 主语 ？a.He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。b.He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。c.Was he busy yesterday? (疑问句) 他昨天忙吗？d.There werent any boys in the room.房间里没有男孩儿。e. Were there any boys in the room? 房间里有男孩儿吗？2行为动词的否定式和疑问式：(1)若肯定句中只有一个行为动词,那就得在行为动词前加上did not或缩略式didnt,并把这个行为动词由过去式改为动词原形。例如：a. I called Lin Tao yesterday afternoon. I did not / didnt call Lin Tao yesterday afternoon.b. I borrowed a book from Sun Yang last Sunday. I didnt borrow a book from Sun Yang last Sunday.(2) 行为动词的一般疑问句若在陈述句中只有行为动词的过去式,那就得在句首加上一个助动词did来帮助提问,然后把句中的行为动词由过去式改为动词原形,并在句末打上问号。回答时别忘了还用did.例如：a. We stayed there for 10 days last month. Did you stay there for 10 days last month? Yes, we did. / No, we didnt.b. Mary had a delicious dinner yesterday evening. Did Mary have a delicious dinner yesterday evening? Yes, she did. / No, she didnt练习： 一用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. We _ (live) in Japan last year.2. Susan_ (stop) the car on the street yesterday.3. My mother_ (clean) my room and _(study) for the English test last Sunday.4. What _ you _(do) last night?5. On Saturday morning I _(play) football.二 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。(1) May_ (finish) her homework very late yesterday evening.(2) Han Mei _ (bring) her pet to the park that day.(3) His father _ (buy) a new computer for him last week.(4) Miss Du_ (walk) to work every day last term.(5) We _ (move) to Shenyang 8 years ago.(6) _ you _ (have) bread for breakfast this morning?(7) She _ (give) me a nice present last night.(8) The police _ (stop) the car and _ (catch) the thief (小偷) just now.(9) Tom _ (carry) water for the old man last Saturday.(10)Uncle Wang _ ( come )into the room and _ ( find ) something to eat.(11).Lily _ ( study ) in the classroom for two hours and then _ ( leave ).(12).Jimmy _ ( do ) a lot today. He _ ( go ) shopping and _ ( cook ) supper.(13).We _ ( go ) to the cinema last night. The film _ ( be ) very good.(14).What time _ you _ ( get ) to school this morning?三按要求变换下列句型,每空一词。(1) Wei Fang cleaned the classroom an hour ago. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答)_ Wei Fang _ the classroom an hour ago?_, she _. _,she _.(2) Li Hong did her homework yesterday afternoon. (改为否定句)Li Hong _ _ her homework yesterday afternoon.(3) Uncle Li drove a truck to Wuhan three months ago(改成一般疑问句)_ Uncle Li _a truck to Wuhan three months ago?(4) Miss Gao taught them English last term.(对划线部分提问)_ _ Miss Gao _ _ English?(5) Mr Ren always went to work on foot last year. (对划线部分提问) _Mr Gao _ to work last year？(6)Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.(7)He found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?(8)She stayed there for a month.（对划线部分提问）_ _ _ she _ there?(9)There was some tea in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_ there _ tea in the cup? 四. 选择( )1.The two _in the same class last year.A. are B. was C. were( )2.-Where_ you ?-I went to buy some food for supper.A.are go B.did go C.do go( )3.The students in Li Leis class_ on a farm last week.A. work B. works C. worked( )4._ that worker _in a shoe factory a year ago?A. Do, work B.Did, worked C. Did, work( )5.-Have you found your pen ?-Yes, I_ it two hours ago.A. found B. find C. finded( )6. _your mother _to work last Saturday?A. Did, go B. Do, go C. Does, go( )7.They_ not late the day before yesterday. A. did B. were C. are( )8._ they away from school last October?A. Did B. Were C. Do( )9. _you_ to school last Sunday?A. Did, come B. Do, come C. Were, come( )10.What _they_ for breakfast last week?A. were, have B. did, have C. will, have( )11.My friend _his homework fifteen minutes ago.A. finish B. finishes C. finished( )12.The boys_ only two subjects last term, but this term they_ five.A. have, have B. had, had C. had, have( )13.Why _Ann _TV last night ?A. didnt, watch B. dont ,watch C. doesnt , watch( )14.They stopped here because they_ the way to the station.A. didnt know B. dont know C. will know( )15-Where _ you find your ticket?-I _it on the ground.A. did, found B. do, found C. were, find五.将下列各词重新排序使其成为正确