（江苏专用）2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 六 推理判断-写作意图题课件.ppt

六、推理判断写作意图题,专题三第二节分类突破,感悟体会,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,感悟体会,(2018镇江一模)Mostofusarealreadyawareofthedirecteffectwehaveonourfriendsandfamily.Butwerarelyconsiderthateverythingwethink，feel，do，orsaycanspreadfarbeyondthepeopleweknow.Conversely(相反地)，ourfriendsandfamilyserveasconduits(渠道)forustobeinfluencedbyhundredsoreventhousandsofotherpeople.Inakindofsocialchainreaction，wecanbedeeplyaffectedbyeventswedonotwitnessthathappentopeoplewedonotknow.Aspartofasocialnetwork，wegobeyondourselves，forgoodorill，andbeeapartofsomethingmuchlarger.,Ourconnectednesscarrieswithitfundamentalimplications(影响)forthewayweunderstandthehumancondition.Socialnetworkshavevaluepreciselybecausetheycanhelpustoachievewhatwecouldnotachieveonourown.Yet，social-networkeffectsarenotalwayspositive.Depression，obesity，financialpanic，andviolencealsospread.Socialnetworks，itturnsout，tendtomagnify(放大)whatevertheyareseededwith.,Partlyforthisreason，socialnetworksarecreative.Andwhatthesenetworkscreatedoesnotbelongtoanyoneindividualitissharedbyallthoseinthenetwork.Inthisway，asocialnetworkislikeamonlyownedforest：weallstandtobenefitfromit，butwealsomustworktogethertoensureitremainshealthyandproductive.Whilesocialnetworksarefundamentallyanddistinctivelyhuman，andcanbeseeneverywhere，theyshouldnotbetakenforgranted.,Ifyouarehappierorricherorhealthierthanothers，itmayhavealottodowithwhereyouhappentobeinthenetwork，evenifyoucannotrecognizeyourownlocation.Anditmayhavealottodowiththeoverallstructureofthenetwork，evenifyoucannotcontrolthatstructureatall.Andinsomecases，theprocessfeedsbacktothenetworkitself.Apersonwithmanyfriendsmaybeerichandthenattractevenmorefriends.Thisrich-get-richerdynamicmeanssocialnetworkscandramaticallyreinforcetwodifferentkindsofinequalityinoursociety：situationalinequalityandpositionalinequality.,Lawmakershavenotyetconsideredtheconsequencesofpositionalinequality.Still，understandingthewayweareconnectedisanessentialstepincreatingamorejustsocietyandincarryingoutpublicpoliciesaffectingeverythingfrompublichealthtotheeconomy.Wemightbebetteroffvaccinating(接种疫苗)centrallylocatedindividualsratherthanweakindividuals.Wemightbebetteroffhelpinginterconnectedgroupsofpeopletoavoidcriminalbehaviourratherthanpreventingorpunishingcrimesoneatatime.,Ifwewanttounderstandhowsocietyworks，weneedtofillinthemissinglinksbetweenindividuals.Weneedtounderstandhowinterconnectionsandinteractionsbetweenpeoplegiverisetowhollynewaspectsofhumanexperiencethatarenotpresentintheindividualsthemselves.Ifwedonotunderstandsocialnetworks，wecannothopetofullyunderstandeitherourselvesortheworldweinhabit.,语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了人际关系和社会网络的重要性。,语篇解读,1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A.Wecantbeeasilyaffectedbystrangers.B.Weareconnectedandformasocialnetwork.C.Wehavenegativeeffectsonothersocialmembers.D.Wewillnotmakeadifferenceinaspecificgroup.,解析推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句可知，人与人之间是相互联系相互影响的，从而形成一个社会网络。,答案,解析,2.Whyisasocialnetworklikeamonlyownedforest?A.Becauseitremainshealthyandproductive.B.Becauseittendstomagnifynegativethings.C.Becauseitiscreativeandsharedbypeopleinthewholesociety.D.Becausewhatitcreatescanbeenjoyedbyeveryoneinthenetwork.,解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，这种网络创造出来的产品并不属于任何个人，而是整个网络里面的人所共享的。,答案,解析,3.WecanlearnfromParagraph4that.A.whetherwearericherdependsonthenumberoffriendswemakeB.thewealthwepossesshasnothingtodowithindividualcontinuouseffortsC.sometimesoursuccessmaybelargelyduetoourpositioninsocialnetworksD.wewontsucceedunlesswefullycontroltheoverallstructureofthenetwork,解析推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，我们的成功与我们在社交网络中所处的位置有很大的关系。,答案,解析,4.Whatstheauthorspurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroducethecharacteristicsofsocialnetworks.B.Tourgepeopletounderstandhowoursocietyworks.C.Toshowthesignificanceofunderstandingsocialnetworks.D.Toexplainthepossibleconsequencesofignoringsocialnetworks.,解析写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“Ifwedonotunderstandsocialnetworks，wecannothopetofullyunderstandeitherourselvesortheworldweinhabit.”可知，文章旨在表明社会关系网的重要性。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。设问形式常有：1.整篇文章的写作意图/目的：(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.(2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.(3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto.(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(5)Whatistheauthorsintentionofwritingthispassage?(6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.,2.某处细节的写作意图/目的：(1)Thefirstparagraphto.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof.to.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.(4)Whefirstparagraph?,二、解题技巧1.文体特点推意图(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点进行论证得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。,2.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有tosupport/toshow.例如：【感悟体会】中的第4题，文章为议论文，文章先提出论点，再进行论证，最后得出结论，因此通过最后一段所给信息可知文章旨在表明社会关系的重要性。,随堂限时练,A(2018湖南第二次联考)Inmyveryfirstjobwithsome1archaeologists，Iwasntdiggingobjectsoutoftheground，insteadIwasemployedasanartist，drawingwhattheyfound.However，Iwassoonmoreinterestedinthestoriesbehindtheobjectsthanindrawingthemandthatshowmycareerinarchaeologystarted.IstilldrawwhatIfindinmyworkasaspecialistontheSilkRoad，theoldtraderouterunningfromEgypttoMongolia，andIalsoworkonsomeunderwaterprojectstoo.,Inarchaeology，myall-timeheroisanAmericancalledRaphaelPumpelly.IfirstheardabouthimwhenIwasastudentonatriptoTurkmenistan，acountryrightintheheartofAsia.Togetaroundthecountry，IhadtolearnRussiansothatIcouldspeaktothelocalpeople.WhenIgotthereIthought，“Wow!ImoneofthefirstAmericanshere！”ThenanoldmantoldmeaboutanAmericanarchaeologist，RaphaelPumpelly，whowastheredoingthesamethingover100yearsago.,Archaeologysinmyfamily.Mywifesinthesame2profession，and，althoughourtwoboysarentinterestedinthefutureinarchaeologythemselves，wevebeenonsomegreatdigstogetherandtheylovewhatwedobecausetheygettotravelwithus.Lastsummer，wetookthemtoLakeTiticacainSouthAmerica，inthehighareasoftheAndesmountainrange.MybestexperiencewaswhenIwasdiggingontheEgyptianRedSeacoast.Theresverylittlerainanditssodrythateverythingiskeptasitwas.Inanoldhouse，wheretheownerusedtostoregoodsfromtheshipsthatcamein，Ipickedupa700-year-oldmatinfrontofthehouseandthere，underit，afterallthattime，,wasthehousekeywiththeownersnamecarvedonit.Itfeltlikehecouldbeonhiswayhomeanyminute!AndIthought，“Hey，Idojustthat.Thismansnotmuchdifferenttome！”,语篇解读作者在文章中介绍了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因，并讲述了自己在各地考古的经历和感受。,语篇解读,1.WhileworkinginEgypt，whatdidthewriterfindsointeresting?A.Thatpeoplefromdifferentcenturiescouldbesosimilar.B.Thefactthatthedoormatwasinsuchgoodcondition.C.Thewaythepeoplemanagedtoliveinsuchadryplace.D.Thattherehadbeensomuchtradeinthatarea.,解析推理判断题。根据第三段“MybestexperiencewaswhenIwasdiggingontheEgyptianRedSeacoast.”和“Itfeltlikehecouldbeonhiswayhomeanyminute！AndIthought，Hey，Idojustthat.Thismansnotmuchdifferenttome！”可知，作者看见了地垫下的钥匙，感觉700年前的那个人就在回家的路上，感觉彼此没有什么不同。故选A。,答案,解析,2.Which3entrywillthewriterprobablymakeinhisdiary?A.Turkmenistanisinteresting.ImthefirstAmericantoeherebutImgladthisismylasttripaway.B.Ihavebeendivingtodayandfoundsomeobjectsforanexhibition.Ivejustfinisheddrawingthemformyrecords.C.Iwishmychildrenwerentmoreinterestedinarchaeologyandwouldnotworkhardintheopenliketheirparents.D.ItsnearlydarkbutRaphaelsstillbusydigginginthatoldhouse.Hecanbeveryannoying.Hethinkshesthemostimportantpersonhere.,答案,解析,解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“IstilldrawwhatIfindinmyworkasaspecialistontheSilkRoad，theoldtraderouterunningfromEgypttoMongolia，andIalsoworkonsomeunderwaterprojectstoo.”可知，作者从事画图工作，还从事水下工作。B项与画图和水下工作有关，故选B。,3.Whatisthewritersmainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Todescribethelifeofanarchaeologistheadmires.B.Topersuadepeopletotakeuparchaeologyasacareer.C.Toexplainwhatheenjoysaboutbeinganarchaeologist.D.Toshowhowarchaeologistswork.,解析写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Iwassoonmoreinterestedinthestoriesbehindtheobjectsthanindrawingthem”可知，作者在文中解释了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因，故选C。,答案,解析,BStainedglass(彩色玻璃)artistscreatedifferentdesignsbymakingcutsontheglassto“score”itandthenbreakingoffthepatternthattheywanttouseinthefinishedproduct.Themostdifficultcutinstainedglassiscalledaninsidecut.Basically，itsacurved(弯曲的)linewhereyouthrowawaythepartinsideofthecurve.Theproblemwithinsidecutsisthattheedgesofthecurvetendtobreakoffwhenthepiecesofscoredglassarebrokenapart.,Astheartisttalkedaboutinsidecuts，hesaid，“Theglasswillbreakintopiecesifyoutrytocuttoomuchoffatonce.Thebestwaytodoaninsidecutisto7sliceoffsmallercurvespiece-by-piece.Infact，itsnotjustthebestwaytodoit，butitstheonlywaytodoit.”Howmanytimesdoyoutrytomakeabigchangeandcuttheentirepieceatonce?Weconvinceourselvesthatwecandothisallthetime.Well4mitto5transformingourdietovernightorwegetinspiredtolaunchabusinessinaweekendorwefinallygetmotivatedtoworkoutandpushourselvestotheedgeofburningout.,Whynotapproachyourgoalsanddreamslikeastainedglassartist?Startingbyslicingashallowcurveandbreakingasmallpieceoff，youcutaslightlydeepercurveandbreakthatoffuntilyouhaveyourfullinsidecut.Byslowlycuttingdeeperanddeepercurves，youpreventtheglassfrombreakingasitchangesshape.Ofcourse，changeisnteasynomatterhowyoudoit.Slowgainsareboring，butifwekeepmakingsmallimprovements，thenprettysoonwewillendupwithabeautifulmasterpieceonourhandsinsteadofabunchofbrokenpieces.,语篇解读,语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述玻璃艺术家切割玻璃的方式慢慢地切割不造成玻璃破碎告诉读者生活中我们也应该一点点取得进步，最后达到目标，获得成功。,4.Whyisaninsidecutbelievedtobemostdifficult?A.Itneedsaone-and-onlydesign.B.It6callsfornothingbutinspiration.C.Theedgesofthecurvebreakeasily.D.Theglassinsidethecurveiseasilybroken.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，内部切割的问题在于，当划过的玻璃裂开的时候，曲线的边缘往往会折断。故选C。,答案,解析,5.WhatmistakesareeasilymadeaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Beingtooeagertomakeimprovements.B.Beingtooworriedaboutthefinaloute.C.Tryingtomakeapletechangeallatonce.D.Developingtofocusonprogressinsteadofachievements.,解析细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，我们很容易犯的错误是试图一次就做出彻底的改变。故选C。,答案,解析,6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“slicingashallowcurve”？A.Movingforwardwithaclearaim.B.Startingslowandimprovinglittlebylittle.C.Developinganewhabitwithgreatdetermination.D.Handlingsomethingmajorfirstandignoringtheminorpart.,解析推理判断题。根据上文“Whynotapproachyourgoalsanddreamslikeastainedglassartist？”可推断，作者建议人们要像一个彩色玻璃艺术家一样接近目标和梦想。结合第一、二段的讲述可推断，画线句的意思是：慢慢开始，一点点进步，每次一小块，逐渐稍微大一点直到完全切开整个里面。故选B。,答案,解析,7.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhisloveforstainedglass.B.Tointroducetheskillofaninsidecut.C.Toappreciatedesignsofstainedglassartists.D.Tosharehisopinionsonhowtomakeachange.,解析写作目的题。纵观全文可知，最后一段点明了作者的观点：改变不容易，如果保持小的进步，很快我们会完成我们的杰作而不是满地碎片。因此推断本文的写作目的是为了分享他关于如何做出改变的观点。故选D。,答案,解析,素材提炼再拓展,做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Thearchaeologisthastogetspecialpermissiontoopenupthegrave._2.AlthoughIlikesinging，Istilldonttreatitasmylife-longprofession._3.Becausethereareseveralfiles，youneedanentryforeachone._4.Thepresidentismittedtoreforminghealthcare._,考古学家,职业,条目,承诺,(二)同