河南省中考英语复习第三部分中考题型过关题型三阅读理解课件.pptx

,CONTENTS,目 录,PART 01 考情帮,PART 01 考情帮,命题点,考情总结,阅读理解有四篇语言材料,每篇设置5个小题,每小题2分,分值占试卷总分的1/3,比重较大。阅读理解着重考查考生理解各种题材和体裁的书面材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力(包括图文转换能力等信息的获取和处理能力)。阅读理解具有以下特点:一、文章难度适中、循序渐进,小题设计梯度明显,深层理解题目对能力的要求较高,但总体符合学生的认知水平;二、语言地道,题材新颖,体裁多样,体现了语言是文化的载体,是社会文化的反映;三、具有知识性、文化性和教育性;四、文章内容积极向上,贴近学生生活。题型设置上前三篇为选择型阅读,近两年的中考题新调整之后A篇为应用文,B篇为记叙文,C篇为说明文;D篇为任务型阅读,2018年考查的形式是还原段落,20112017年考查的形式是还原句子。,PART 02 方法帮,类型1 选择型阅读理解 (1)细节理解题 关键词法 有关基本信息的题目,答案几乎可以直接从原文中获得,找到关键词即可找到原文中含相关信息的句子。 查读法 先看题目,带着问题读文章,从而快速寻找答案。在阅读时,标记出who(何人),what(何事),when(何时),where(何地),how(如何),why(为何)等常考的细节内容,以便解题时迅速、准确地查找。 (2)推理判断题 理解文章内容 不仅要弄懂字面意思,更要理解引申意义,通过作者所给的提示进行合理的推理和判断。 以原文为依据 要在原文内容的基础上进行合理推测,不能掺杂个人观点。 排除法 推理判断题通常有一定的难度,可以采用排除法,逐一排除错误选项,作出最终选择。,(3)词义猜测题 利用上下文语境 指定词的含义,往往在上下文中有体现,可借助上下文进行推测。 利用定义或解释性的线索 有些生词之后有对该词进行解释、说明的短语或句子,利用它们可猜出词义。 利用文章的逻辑关系 并列、对比、因果、转折等逻辑关系有助于理解指定词的含义,注意标志词but, or, however, so, because等。 利用构词法 熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思,不仅可以扩大词汇量,而且可以帮助我们猜测词义。,(4)主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查学生对全文或某一段落的整体把握能力,考查方法有:归纳文章(或段落)大意,概括中心思想或选择文章标题等。做这类试题时,可遵循以下几种方法: 抓主题句 很多文章都有主题句,抓住了主题句也就抓住了文章的中心。主题句通常在文章开头或结尾,因此要仔细阅读文章的首尾句。 抓高频词 文章都是围绕一个主题展开的,因此文章中会反复出现一个中心词,即高频词,抓住了它,也就抓住了文章的中心。 注意绝对化用词 选项中如果出现绝对化用词,可以直接排除该选项。 以偏概全不能选 干扰项中往往出现文章中提到的某一点或某一部分,这类选项以偏概全,不能作为正确选项。,【典例1】2018河南中考,阅读C篇The spring season brings warm weather, flowers and other changes for people to enjoy.For some restaurant cooks, the most exciting spring arrival is ramps. Ramps are a wild plant in the eastern mountains of North America. They are one of the first plants that grow in the spring, usually between April and May. They are recognized(识别) by their red stem(茎), and two long and wide green leaves. They are also famous for their strong taste, similar to onions(洋葱). Ramps are not as well-known as other vegetables, but they have a long history in the United States. In the Appalachian Mountains, ramps have been an important food for a long time. During spring, it is common for small towns in the Appalachian area to hold large ramp dinners for the community. However, over the last 30 years, ramps popularity has grown quickly. They are now a highly-desired vegetable for many nice restaurants in cities like New York and Washington D. C.,One reason the plant is popular is that it grows in the wild. It is difficult to grow them on farms. Most restaurants get them from foragers, who collect ramps by searching forests for some small pieces of land where they grow. Ramps have a short season. Within a few weeks of full growth, the plant is done for the year. This short life is some reason for their popularity. And that popularity could lead to their disappearance from Earth. In 1995, the local government in Quebec, Canada, stopped people selling the plant to businesses in order to protect the plant against being over-dug. The season is short, but it has not ended yet. If you are in the right place, you still have time to try a taste of ramps yourself.,根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 56.Why are ramps so popular in North America? A. Because they grow in spring. B. Because they have a good taste. C. Because they are hard to get. D. Because they have a long history. 57.Which of the following is the picture of a ramp?,58.What does the word “they“ refer to (指的是)? A. foragers B. ramps C. customers D. restaurants 59.Why were people stopped from selling ramps to businesses? A. Because ramps were in great danger. B. Because ramps smell polluted the air. C. Because it cost too much to grow ramps. D. Because the government wanted to make money. 60.Whats the best title for the text? A. Americans go crazy for ramps in the spring B. Americans have discovered a new vegetable C. Ramps were once popular in North America D. Ramps will soon be enjoyed all over the world,【短文大意】 本文是关于北美野韭(ramps)的介绍。它是生长在北美东部山区的一种野生植物。本文介绍了它的特征、味道以及受欢迎的原因等方面的内容。 56.C【解析】考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“One reason the plant is popular is that it grows in the wild. It is difficult to grow them on farms“可知答案为C。 57.D【解析】考查细节理解及学生的图文转换能力。根据第二段中的“They are recognized(识别) by their red stem(茎), and two long and wide green leaves“可知,对应的图片是D。 58.B【解析】考查学生的推理判断能力。结合上下文可知,此处they指代的是ramps。 59.A【解析】考查学生的推理判断能力。根据第六段中的“And that popularity could lead to their disappearance from Earth“以及“.stopped people selling the plant to businesses in order to protect the plant against being over-dug“可推断,不让人们再售卖这种植物是因为它濒临灭绝了。故答案为A。 60.A【解析】本题属于标题归纳题,考查学生对材料信息的归纳总结能力。通读全文可知,本文介绍了一种名叫北美野韭的植物,它在春天生长,美国人很喜欢吃这种植物,故A项最适合作本文的标题。,【典例2】2017河南中考,阅读B篇Not only kids of Tiger Moms go to Harvard. Dawn Loggins of Lawndale, N.C., is on her way to Harvard, one of the eight world-famous universities in the eastern US. Nobody encouraged her to study or paid for her special classes. This girl created her own future. The teen was abandoned by her family last summer, when her parents and two sisters moved to Tennessee. She found herself homeless and had to spend the night on friends sofas. The school bus driver learned about Dawns situation and invited Dawn to move in with her family. Soon, Dawn had a job at Burns High School. She worked from 6 a.m. to 7:40 a.m. before the first school bell rang. She swept floors and picked up trash again in the afternoons, before diving into(全心投入) her studies in the evenings.,Dawns hard work paid off. She finished school with a 3.9 GPA and scored 2,110 on the SAT. “There were times when I felt like it would be easiest if I gave up,“ the 18-year-old said.“But it was never in me to give up, because I realized that I was never going to be successful unless I got an education.“ Even before Dawns family left her, she led a difficult life. Her family was poor and cups of noodles were often the only food. Dawn “studied by candlelight“ because her parents couldnt afford to pay the electricity bill(电费). Dawn has now reconnected with her family. Theyre proud of her accomplishments(成就) and are attending her high school graduation.,根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 51.Why didnt Dawn give up her studies? A. To reconnect with her family. B. To thank those who had helped her. C. To get an education to be successful. D. To realize her dream of going to Harvard. 52.Who helped Dawn when she found herself homeless? A. Her teachers. B. Her neighbors. C. A Tiger Mom. D. A school bus driver.,53.What does the underlined word “abandoned“ mean in Chinese? A. 宠爱 B. 抛弃 C. 鼓励 D. 虐待 54.Which of the following words best describes Dawn? A. Open-minded. B. Good-natured. C. Strong-willed. D. Warm-hearted. 55.Whats the best title for the text? A. Another Harvard girl B. A girl in candlelight C. From homeless to Harvard D. The role of Tiger Moms,【短文大意】 Dawn Loggins被家人抛弃,无家可归,一位好心的校车司机收留了她。Dawn意识到如果自己不接受教育就不会成功,所以她努力学习,最终以优异的成绩考取了哈佛大学。 51.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“But it was never in me to give up, because I realized that I was never going to be successful unless I got an education“可知答案为C。 52.D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The school bus driver learned about Dawns situation and invited Dawn to move in with her family“可知答案为D。 53.B 【解析】本题属于词义猜测题,考查学生根据材料内容对所给词汇进行猜测的能力。结合下文中的“She found herself homeless“可推断,Dawn被她的家人“抛弃“了,故答案为B。 54.C 【解析】考查学生的推理判断能力。Dawn面对生活的种种磨难,自强不息,结合整篇文章内容可推测,Dawn应是一个意志坚强的人,故答案为C。 55.C 【解析】本题属于标题归纳题,考查学生对材料信息的归纳总结能力。通读全文可知,四个选项中只有C项“从无家可归到哈佛大学“最能概括文章的内容,故选C。,类型2 任务型阅读理解 方法一 根据题目特点,巧用答题步骤 1.先读选项,初步排序; 2.详读文章,逻辑推理; 3.试填答案,先易后难; 4.回读文章,再次确认。 方法二 关键词法 细读五个选项,找出关键词,再去原文中查读相对应的关键词,关键词在文中通常出现在空格处的上句或下句,由此可初步确定答案。,方法三 过渡词法 为使行文连贯,结构清晰,文章中常常会使用一些过渡词,如besides,then,but,however,and,first,second,third等。利用过渡词可以提高答题效率。 方法四 选项排序法 分析选项间的逻辑关系,结合文章内容逻辑,给选项排序,该顺序可作为回填的初步顺序。 方法五 代入法 不知道怎么选时,可以分别把五个选项代入空格处试读,看哪个读起来通顺且符合逻辑,由此选出正确选项并以此类推。,【典例1】 2018河南中考,阅读D篇 Dear Linda, 61. As I told you yesterday, I am in Rome today. Tomorrow we are getting the train down into the south of the country and then the ship across to Greece. 62. We started in England and we spent two days in London and another day in Canterbury.We saw a lot of great history and the only bad thing was the weather it rained for the whole time we were there. Can you believe it? 63.,Well, I have to say I prefer the American Disneyland. But we met some nice people from Canada and spent two great days with them.One of them,Clive,is going to your university next year.Hows that for a coincidence(巧合)! 64. After that, we went south into Switzerland. It was very expensive and we couldnt stay as long as we wanted to, so thats why were in Italy now! 65. See you soon. Mike,根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A. OK, thats enough from me for now. I want to post this letter now so you can get it by the weekend. B. I cant wait to arrive in Athens to see all that history. Let me tell you something about where we have visited so far. I know you want to come here on vacation too one day! C. Clive and his wife left us once we got to Germany by train. They went up into Denmark but we continued to Munich. Wow what a great city! I bought you a surprise gift there. I hope you like it.,D. At least when we got to Paris, the sun was shining! We only stayed for one afternoon in the French capital because my friends really wanted to visit Euro Disney which is to the east of Paris. E.How are things with you? It was great talking to you yesterday by phone.,【短文大意】 本文是Mike写给Linda的一封信,他在信中讲述了自己在旅行中的经历和见闻。 【备选项释义】 A. 好了,现在这些关于我的信息已经足够。我现在要把这封信寄出去,这样你在周末前就可以收到了。 B. 我迫不及待想到雅典去了解那些历史。让我告诉你到目前为止我们参观的一些情况吧。我知道你也想有朝一日到这里来度假。 C. 我们乘火车一到德国,克莱夫和他的妻子就离开我们了。他们北上去丹麦了,但是我们继续去了慕尼黑。噢多么漂亮的一个城市啊!我在那里给你买了一个惊喜礼物。我希望你会喜欢它。 D. 至少当我们到达巴黎的时候,阳光明媚。我们在法国首都只待了一个下午,因为我的朋友们非常想去位于巴黎东边的欧洲迪士尼乐园。 E. 你一切还顺利吗?昨天给你打电话真的非常愉快。,【答案解析】 61.E 本篇材料是一封书信,挖空处位于书信正文的第一段,一般开头处会是问候;第二段的开头为“As I told you yesterday“,由此可知E选项中的“It was great talking to you yesterday by phone“与其呼应。 62.B 根据地理常识可知希腊的首都是雅典,第二段末尾提及了“then the ship across to Greece“,由此可知B选项中的“I cant wait to arrive in Athens.“与之衔接最紧密。 63.D 根据挖空处下一段的首句“Well, I have to say I prefer the American Disneyland“可知D选项中提及的“ Euro Disney “是作者比较的对象。 64.C 挖空处的上一段出现了Clive,挖空处后提及了“After that, we went south into Switzerland“。C选项中提及了Clive,并谈及了Clive与作者不同的行程安排,所以C选项放在此处衔接自然。 65.A 结合挖空后的“See you soon“可知信已写到末尾。所以A选项中谈及要寄出信等就合乎情理。,【典例2】 2017河南中考,阅读D篇 Starting high school is a great experience for any teenager. Whether you are coming from a middle school(grades six through eight) or a junior high school(grades seven through nine), there are many things about high school that are different from your old school environment.61. You will face being in a new school, making new friends in an unfamiliar class and getting to know new teachers. These new teachers will usually have higher academic(学术的)levels than your middle and junior-high school teachers. 62. In return, they expect you to work hard and develop your skills.,On top of all this, peer pressure(同伴压力)to drink and smoke often increases in high school. 63. Although there is a lot of pressure, it is nothing you cannot deal with. If you are feeling pressure to do something that you feel is wrong, talk to a friend, parent, or counselor to find a solution(解决方法). 64. If you are not succeeding academically, find someone to help you. If you