高一英语上学期测试题.doc

本资料来源于七彩教育网Unit 8 Sports【课文要点】一、 词语例解 1. tie 【用法】 n. 1) 领带；领结 (long, narrow piece of cloth that a man wears round the neck of his shirt) I only wear a tie on special occasions. 我只在特殊场合才打领带。A red tie will match that suit.红领带很配那件衣服。The sunlight has faded my tie.阳光晒得我的领带褪了颜色。2) 纽带；关系 (something that holds people together) He doesnt want to live in London because of his family ties in Newcastle. 因为他的家庭关系都在纽卡斯尔，所以不愿住在伦敦。We have established trade ties with these regions.我们和这些地区建立了贸易关系。3) 打成平局；得分相同 (end a game or competition with the same marks, etc. for both sides) They made a tie of 2-2 in the game.他们在这场比赛中以2比2打平。The Shanghai and Tianjin teams are to play off their tie against each other the coming Sunday.打成平局的上海队和天津队将于星期天再次举行比赛，以决胜负。v. 1) 打结 ( make a knot or bow with two ends of string, rope, etc.) She tied the ribbon in a bow.她把缎带系成一个蝴蝶结。This rope wont tie.这根绳子打不了结。2) 绑（带子，绳子）(bind, fasten, or attach with a cord, string, rope, etc.) He tied his horse to a tree by the road. 他把马拴在路旁的一棵树上。Why not tie a bell around the cats neck? 为什么不在猫的脖子上系上铃呢？ He tied his books together. 他把书捆在一起。The prisoners hands were tied behind his back. 犯人的手被反绑在背后。3) （比赛中的）平局；同分 ( gain equal marks, etc. in a game or competition) Finally the match tied. 最后比赛打平了。 The two boys tied in the examinationeach got 88. 这两个孩子的考试分数相等，都得了88分。2. compete 【用法】 v. 比赛, 竞争（try to win, try to do better than others） Although there were only 4 horses competing, it was an exciting race.虽然只有4匹马比赛, 这场比赛仍然很精彩。He is going to compete against / with his old friend in the second round.第2回合时他将与老朋友竞争。【搭配】 compete in (a game，a match) 参加 compete with / against sb.和某人竞争 compete for (a prize，a medal，the first place) 角逐 【拓展】 competition与 game, race, match，contest的区别 game意为“游戏，比赛，运动”，可指户内、户外、脑力、体力均可，指球赛时多用于美国英语。棋类、桥牌等比赛中多用game。另外games(复数) 一般指大型的国际体育运动会, 如 the Olympic Games(奥运会), the Asian Games(亚运会)。match“比赛、竞赛”，指球赛多用于英国英语。它一般指预先安排好的正式比赛，摔跤、拳击等比赛中多用match。race通常指赛跑、赛马、赛车、赛船等运动。competition意为“比赛, 竞争”，指通过个人的体力、智力、技能等竞赛而获取名次的各种比赛，也可指体力，也可指其他技能方面的。contest表示各种智力和知识“竞赛”，在这方面可与competition互换。3. 词语辨析：beat，defeat，win，earn beat，defeat都表示在战斗中或竞赛中“战胜、打败(对手)”，后接竞争对手，可以互换。If they beat the visiting team, theyll be the champion.如果他们赢了客队，他们将成为冠军。 Frank beat Andrew with close scores. 弗兰克以接近的比分击败了安德鲁。I can beat / defeat you at swimming.我游泳比你强。He was defeated / beaten at chess.他下棋下输了。win“战胜、赢得”，其宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。竞争对手不能作其宾语。We need to cooperate perfectly to win the game.要想赢得比赛，我们需要密切配合。He soon won a reputation for himself. 他很快就成名了。 His poem won the first prize of ten dollars.他的诗获得了10美元的一等奖。earn“赢得，挣得”，表示通过工作等获得钱财和利益或经过努力获得地位和荣誉等。He has earned a lot of money this month. 这个月他已经赚了好多钱了。He earned the admiration of the world by his working hard for the world peace.他为世界和平努力工作，博得了全世界的赞誉。二、 短语精析 1. stand for代表 The PRC stands for the Peoples Republic of China. PRC代表中华人民共和国。She also learned a kind of alphabet for the blind, in which different finger positions stand for different letters of the alphabet. 她还学了一种盲人用的手语字母，即用手指的不同位置代表字母表上不同的字母。stand for还可以表示“支持；主张；拥护”。2. would rather 宁愿；宁可 Whereas we want a flat, they would rather live in a house. 我们想住公寓房，而他们却想住一所房子。You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。 【拓展】 would rather与than连用，可构成另一个惯用句式，即：“would rather . than .”,意谓“宁可（愿）（而）不要（愿）”、“与其不如”。用以表达主语的意愿，强调经过选择后做其中一件事，而不愿做另一件事。例如： I would rather fail than cheat in the examination. 我宁愿考不及格，也不愿意考试作弊。I would rather remain poor than get money by dishonest means. 我宁可安于贫穷，也不愿用不当手段赚钱。I would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him. 我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。would rather后也可跟从句，表示主语宁愿让某人干某事。这时，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时的形式表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时的形式表示过去要做的事。例如： Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 我但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她。 Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天没有把那消息告诉他。3. take part 参加 Well take part in social practice during the summer vacation.暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。He will take part in a chess tournament next week.下星期，他将要参加一场国际象棋比赛。【注意】 take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。例如： Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery.林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。4. in preparation for为作准备 Theyve sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country. 他们卖掉了房子和汽车准备出国。 She had been employed in preparations for the press conference all morning. 整个上午她一直忙于为这次记者招待会做准备工作。 be in preparation for 的同义短语为make preparations for，例如： We made preparations for the trip.我们为旅行作准备。【拓展】 prepare for准备prepare sb. sth. 给某人准备某物 prepare to do sth.准备做某事be prepared for 为做好准备 make preparations for为做准备 三、句式解析 1. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.每四年，来自世界各地的运动员参加奥林匹克运动会。every可与表示数量的词连用，表示时间或空间的间隔。其几个主要结构如下： （1） every + 基数词 + 复数名词 The American people elect a president every four years.美国人民每四年选举一任总统。Take the medicine every six hours. 每隔6小时吃一次药。（2） every + 序数词 + 单数名词 He comes to see his uncle every third week. 他每三个星期来看望他叔叔一次。（3） every + other + 单数名词，“每隔一” The doctor comes to see my mother every other day.医生每隔一天来看我妈妈一次。We have English lessons every other day; that is on Monday，Wednesday and Friday.我们隔一天上一次英语课，就是在星期一，星期三和星期五。【注意】 every后可接 few，但不能接 a few，因 every一词已包含了a之意，另外every后也不能接some，several，many等词。every后接序数词时，则修饰单数可数名词。例如： Trees should be planted every few metres.树应间隔几米种一棵。They looked up and gave a smile to each other every few minutes. 每隔几分钟他们抬起头相互笑笑。2. In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking third of all the competing countries.在悉尼奥运会上，中国队共获28枚金牌，在所有的参赛国中金牌总数名列第三。句中的rank意为“保持某地位或职业（hold a certain grade or position）”。例如： He ranks high as an author. 作为一个作家，他的身份很高。Canada ranks fourth among the trading nations of the world. 在世界贸易国家中，加拿大名列第四。此外句中的ranking third of all the competing countries是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料中的、顺理成章的结果，常置于句尾。例如： The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.小孩摔了一跤，头撞在门上碰破了。She was so angry that she threw her new doll on the floor, breaking it into pieces. European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. 现在分词做结果状语强调事物发展的（必然）结果，而动词不定式则强调事先未预料（或出乎意料）的结果。They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头砸了他们自己的脚。I went to see him only to find him out.我去看他，不料他出去了。 【语法讲解】一考查各种时态被动语态用法 1.考查一般现在时被动语态用法 考点说明:一般现在时被动语态表示现在经常性习惯性的被动动作，由is/am/are+过去分词构成。考点例析: Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea， which _ the Pacific， and we met no storms. (NMET2005辽宁) A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 析:B。该空表示“通常被叫做”，应用一般现在时被动语态的动词形式is called。2.考查一般过去时被动语态用法 考点说明:一般过去时被动语态表示过去经常性习惯性的被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动性动作，由was/were+过去分词构成。考点例析: (1)The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. (NMET2007全国卷I) A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 析:C。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“过去被销售”，因此应填一般过去时被动语态动词形式were sold。(2)As the years passed， many occasionsbirthdays， awards， graduations _ with Dads flowers. (NMET2007湖南) A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked 析:B。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表示“过去被标明”，因此应填一般过去时被动语态动词形式were marked。(3)It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education. (NMET2006辽宁) A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed 析:D。early暗示该空表示“过去被设计”，应填一般过去时被动语态动词形式were designed。3.考查现在进行时被动语态用法 考点说明:现在进行时被动语态表示说话时正在进行的被动性动作或目前这段时间正在进行但此时此刻不一定在进行的被动性动作，由is/am/are+being+过去分词构成。考点例析: (1)Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes， I have. I guess it _ now. (NMET2007辽宁) A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading 析:C。now暗示该空表示“现在正在被打分”，因此应填现在进行时被动语态动词形式is being graded。(2)I have to go to work by taxi because my car _at the garage. (NMET2006重庆) A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 析:C。由语境逻辑可知，该空表示“现在正在被修理”，应填现在进行时被动语态动词形式is being repaired。(3)Although the causes of cancer _， we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. (NMET2006山东) A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering C. are uncovering D. have uncovered 析:A。分析语境逻辑不难发现，该空表示“现在正在被揭示”，应填现在进行时被动语态动词形式are being uncovered。4.考查一般将来时被动语态用法 考点说明:一般将来时被动语态常用于下列场合:表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作，此时既可用will/shall be done， is/am/are going to be done，也可用is/am/are to be done;表示征求对方意见，此时常用is/am/are to be done;表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果，此时常用will/shall be done;表示可能性，此时常用is/am/are to be done。表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的被动性动作时常用现在完成时被动语态代替一般将来时被动语态;时间状语从句或条件状语从句应用一般现在时被动语态代替一般将来时被动语态。考点例析: (1)Customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right change before leaving the shop. (NMET2006重庆) A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given 析:D。该空表示“将要被给”，应用一般将来时被动语态。(2)Your job _ open for your return.(NMET2006北京) Thanks. A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept 析:A。分析语境逻辑不难发现，该空表示“将要被给”，应填一般将来时被动语态动词形式will be kept。5.考查过去将来时被动语态用法 考点说明:过去将来时被动语态常用于下列场合:表示相对于过去某一时刻来说即将发生的被动动作，此时可用would be done， was/were going to be done，也可用was/were to be done;在过去某一时刻表达有固定性条件就会有规律性被动结果，此时常用would be done;表示相对于过去某一时刻来说将会出现某种被动性可能性，此时常用was/were to be done。考点例析: In a room above the store， where a party _， some workers were busily setting the table. (NMET2006湖南) A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held 析:A。由语境逻辑可知，该空表示相对于were busily setting the table所体现的动作来说将要被举行，因此应用过去将来时被动语态动词形式was to be held。6.考查现在完成时被动语态用法 考点说明:现在完成时被动语态常表示:一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成的影响;到目前为止已存在若干时间的被动性动作或状态。现在完成时被动语态动词形式为has/have been done。考点例析: (1)I got caught in the rain and my suit _.(NMET2007北京) A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 析:C。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表示“到现在为止已经被毁”，因此应用现在完成时被动语态动词形式has been ruined。(2)If Newton lived today， he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology. (NMET2007天津) A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered 析:D。today暗示该空表示“到现在为止已经被发现”，因此应用现在完成时被动语态动词形式has been discovered。(3)When you get the paper back， pay special attention to what _. (NMET2007四川) A. have marked B. have been marked C. had marked D. had been marked 析:B。该空表示“到现在为止已经被标注”，因此应用现在完成时被动语态动词形式have been marked。 7.考查过去完成时被动语态用法 考点说明:过去完成时被动语态表示到过去某一时刻为止已经发生的被动性动作，由had been done构成。考点例析: (1)At the end of the meeting， it was announced that an agreement _.(NMET2007江苏) A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached 析:B。该空表示到“was所体现的时间为止已经被达成”，因此应填过去完成时被动语态动词形式had been reached。(2)The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car. (NMET2005 广东) A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be 析:C。分析语境逻辑可知，这个小盒子被放在部长车子下面的动作在was suddenly caught所体现的动作之前发生，因此该空应填过去完成时被动语态动词形式had been (placed)。8.考查将来完成时被动语态用法 考点说明:将来完成时被动语态表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的被动性动作，动词形式为will have been done。考点例析: The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. (NMET2004北京) A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed 析:C。by 2006暗示该空表示“将已经被完成”，因此应用将来完成时被动语态动词形式will have been completed。二考查主动形式表示被动意义的场合 考点说明:主动形式表示被动意义常用于下列场合:look， feel， taste， smell， sound等表示感觉器官的连系动词;prove， turn out作连系动词，表示“结果证明是”;sell/wash/write/last等不及物动词+easily/smoothly/well等副词构成动副搭配，表示事物内部特有的属性;weigh表示“物体所称重量为”;open表示“店铺开张营业”;blame表示“应负责”;stay fresh表示“保鲜”。考点例析: 1. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy， saying that he was not the one _.(NMET2006安徽) A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed 析:C。to blame应负责，不可用于被动语态。 2. The water _ cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise. (NMET2006全国) A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels 析:C。feel表示“接触起来有某种感觉”，没有被动语态。 3. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. (NMET2003) A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 析:B。stay fresh保鲜，不可用于被动语态。【高考链接】1. 课文原句： Many of the sports were the same as they are now. 考点： 有关as引导限制性定语从句的用法。解读： 1) 在such之后的关系代词常用as，as在从句中可用作主语，宾语或表语，不作状语。例如： Such women as know Tom thought he was charming.认识汤姆的妇女都认为他有魅力。2) 比较the same . as和the same . that：前者一般表示同类，后者一般表示同一。例如： He was wearing the same shirt as Id had on the day before.他穿的衬衫和我前一天穿的是一样的。He was wearing the same shirt that Id had on the day before.他穿的衬衫就是我前一天穿的那一件。考例： . These houses are sold at such a low price_people expected. (2000上海卷) A. like B. asC. that D. which 2. They will meet at the same place _they met last week. (2007黄冈模拟卷) A. where B. which C. as D. that 3. Oh, the bag! Thank you very much, sir. This is the same bag_I lost the other day. A. as B. which C. like D. that 4. His plan was such a good one_we all agreed to accept. (2006陕西卷) A. as B. that C. so D. and 点拨： 1. B。as在定语从句中用作expected的宾语；2. A。此题难度大，同学们易选C。该空应该填关系副词where在从句中用作状语；3 .很明显，前后同一物应该用that引导；4. A。如果选B，则要在accept后面加it. 2. 课文原句： Carl Lewis from the USA won four gold medals in track and field and became one of the best sportsmen in the 20th century. 考点： win / beat / defeat之间的区别。解读： 英语中的“赢”，“战胜”可用win, beat和defeat来表达，但是它们的用法不同。1) win作为及物动词，其宾语是奖品、奖学金、名次、友谊、财产、战争、比赛和胜利等。例如： She has a nature that quickly won her friendship of her classmates. 2) beat和defeat可以换用，它们的宾语是比赛中的对手或战争中的敌人。例如： The basketball team of our school beat theirs by 10:8. 考例： 1. She_the first place in the maths contest of the senior middle school students. (2007海淀模拟卷) A. earnedB. wonC. defeatedD. beat 2. Jim couldnt_the game.Instead he was_. (2007全国联考卷) A. win; won B. win; beaten C. defeat; defeated D. win; lost 点拨： (略) 1. B2. B 3.课文原句： . in the 2000 Sydney Olympics Games, China won another great competition in 2001 which was not for a medal. 考点： another, more, other与数词的位置关系。解读： 1) another与数词连用，只能放在数词的前面。例如： There is room for another five people in the back of the bus.公共汽车后面还能坐五人。2) other 与数词连用，通常放在数词后，这些数词还包括some、any、several等。例如： The World Service broadcasts programmes in English and 35 other languages.世界服务广播台用英语和其它三十五种语言广播节目。3) more与数词连用时，常位于数词和some, any, several, a lot, a few等一些词的后面。例如： I have to write two more letters this morning.今天上午我得再写两封信。考例： 1. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay for_two weeks. (2003上海卷) . another B. other C. more D. the other 2. The schools music group will be giving a big show tomorrow night and twoon the weekend. (2007安徽卷) A. moreB. other C. else D. another 点拨： 1. A。如果要选B、C则要将空格设在two之后；2. A。如果选B，则后面的shows不可以省略。4. 课文原句： To make it the best ever Games, the capital city will make several big changes. 考点： 两种常见的目的状语表达法。解读： 1)用“in order that+从句”或“so that+从句”来表达，其中从句谓语常含有will, may, shall, can, could, might, should等情态动词。2) 用“in order to+动词原形”或“so as to + 动词原形”来表达。其中“so as to + 动词原形”不能放在句首，而in order to 可放在句首或句中。有时为了表达的简洁，直接用不定式to do来表达。例如： To make himself heard, he stood up and shouted. 考例： 1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there_for a space flight. (2007江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 2. Can the project be finished as planned? Sure, _it completed in time, well work two more hours a day. (2005福建卷) A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get 3. _this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 174 flour. (2006广东卷) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 点拨： 1. D。很明显,不定式要用被动结构作目的状语；2. B。3. C。均用作目的状语。5. 课文原句: Yao Ming has more than just size: he also has great skill and speed and he is a team player. 考点： more than的热点用法。解读： 1) more than表示“十分”，相当于very. 例如： I was more than pleased to see you. 2) more than 表示“不仅仅”。例如： He is more than my teacher, he is also my close friend. 3) 构成句型：more A than B 意为“与其说B倒不如说A”。例如: He is more brave than clever.他有勇无谋。4) more than sb. do该句型意为“某人干不了”。例如： The beauty of our school is more than I can describe. 考例： 1. Do you need any help, Lucy? Yes. The job is _I could do myself. (2007福建卷) A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than 2. Lizzie was_to see her friend off at the airport. (2004全国卷) A. a little more than sad B. more than a little sad C. sad more than a little D. a little more than sad 点拨: 1. B。句意为“这工作我干不了”；2. B。more than 表示“不仅仅是”，more than a littie = quite 【同步练习】第一节: 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21-Do you think our basketballers played very well yesterday? -_AThey were not nervous at allB They were still youngCThey played naturally D They couldnt have done better22 First of all, please _ me to introduce myself to you Amake Bagree Clet D allow23The 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing, China Awill take its place B will happen Cis to be held Dwill be held24What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent Its worth a second time Ato read Bto be read Creading Dbeing read25In this forest there are more or less 15 kinds of snakes, _ five