高中英语动词时态复习课件.ppt

EnglishBasicTenses(时态),他每天都来。他昨天来了.他已经来了.他明天来.汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.,Hecameyesterday.,Hehascome.,Hewillcometomorrow.,Hecomeseveryday.,英语的常见时态：,do(第三人称单数does),动词过去式did,will(shall)动词原形,begoingto动词原形,beaboutto动词原形,beto动词原形,would动词原形,will(shall)be现在分词,am(is,are)现在分词,was(were)现在分词,have(has)过去分词,had过去分词,have(has)been现在分词,always,usually,often,sometimes,every.,twiceaweek等,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,last.,.ago等,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,next.,in.等,ateight(thistime)tomorrow等,时间状语now,duringthesedays,或look,listen等引起注意的词语,ateight(thistime)yesterday等,already,just,yet,since.,for.等,by.,before.等,for.,since.等,多用于间接引语的宾语从句中,导入之一：Howisyourdailylifeasahighschoolstudent?,(using3sentencesormore,使用实意动词和系动词,注意动词形式变化),2.用法:1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如often,usually,always,everyday/year,sometimes,onSunday等。,2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.,IstudyhardeverydayandIgetalongwellwithmyclassmates,butsometimesImissmyfamilies.,一、一般现在时(TheSimplePresenttense)1.结构:do/does,3）表示主语的特征、性格、能力等Mr.Smithhatesfishandnevereatsany.MaryspeaksbothEnglishandFrenchverywell.,4）按计划、规定，时间表(如汽车、飞机、会议)等将要发生的动作或存在的状态,一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等位移/终止性动词，常与时间状语连用Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.Themeetingstartsat2:00p.m.,6）在部分倒装句中，表示动作正在进行。Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.,5）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时,即主将从现。Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,we_(go)tothecountryside.Ifhe_(come)thisafternoon，we_(have)ameeting.,is,willgo,comes,willhave,1.Noteveryone(like)watchingTVnow.2.Thispairofshoes(sell)well.3.Theteachertoldusthelight(travel)at300,000kilometersasecond.4.BillandTomarehard-workingstudents.Theynever(leave)todaysworkfortomorrow.5.Illtellhimaboutitassoonashe(come)back.,Haveatry,likes,sells,travels,leave,comes,Example:I_(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways_(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe_(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_(be)happyatthattime.,spent,played,didnt,were,导入之二：Howdidyouspendyourchildhood?,二、一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense)1.结构:谓动用动词过去式(V-ed)2.用法:在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,in1982等。,1.-Look!Someonehasspilt（溢出）coffeeonthecarpet（地毯）.-Well,it_me.A.isntB.wasntC.hasntbeenD.hadntbeen2.He(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.(11广东）,B,pretended,1)表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态,2)用一般过去时表示过去经常发生的动作(也可用“usedtodo”或“woulddo”代替)。Duringthevacationsheoftenswam/wouldswim/usedtoswiminthesea.Iusedtosmoke.,注意：usedto表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。would注重过去习惯性发生的动作。,1.Attheendofthemeeting,theheadmaster(give)usatalk.2.Listen!Theradiosaysaseriousaccident_(happen)lastnight.3.-Haveyoutakenthemedicineyet?-Yes,I(take)justnow.4.Theroomsoflibraryareclean.Theboys_(sweep)themyesterday.5.IwasgoinghomewhenI(meet)anoldfriend.,gave,happened,took,swept,met,Haveatry,犹如,picture,导入之三：HowwillyouspendyourNationalholiday?IwillImgoingto,三.一般/过去将来时,表示将来时的四种形式will/shall+动词原形begoingtodobeabouttodobetodo,1.begoingto有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。-Thetelephoneisringing.-I_answerit.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto-Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?-I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did2.begoingto可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will不能表示Lookattheclouds!It_rain.,isgoingto,3.beto表示因约定、计划，职责、义务要求即将发生的动作,或客观安排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.,4beabouttodo表示“正要干什么”，1)表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。2)常与when连用，when此时意思：就在这时，是并列连词.3)构成句型：beabouttodowhen.was/weredoingwhenbeonthepointofdoingwhenhadjustdonesthwhene.g.Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained.,导入之五：Whataretheydoingnow?Theyarehavingaclass.,五.现在/过去进行时,1表示(现在/过去)说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态Idontreallyworkhere.Imhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchange,be(am,are,is)+doing,2.表示(过去)目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。,She_(learn)pianounderMr.Smithatpresent.,islearning,3.与always，constantly(不断地；时常地),usually,frequently,allthetime等连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如：,Heisalwayshelpingothers.Hewasalwaysthinkingofothers，neverthinkingofhimself.,3.现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作,多用于位移/终止性动词,如:come,go,arrive,leave,stay,fly,takeoff.I_(leave)tomorrow._you_(stay)heretillnextweek?,amleaving,Are,staying,4.“系动词介词或副词”,也表示进行时的意义。,Thebridgeis/wasunderconstruction.=is/wasbeingconstructed.,Theproblemisunderdiscussion.=isbeingdiscussed,(1)表心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。(2)表存在的状态动词：have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon。(3)瞬间动词：begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。(4)感官动词：see,hear,notice,feel摸起来/感觉起来,smell,sound,taste,look看起来。,【注意】一般情况下，下面4类动词无进行时态：,七.现在完成时(ThepresentPerfectTense),1.结构:have(has)+done2.用法:1).现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词.常与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如:sofar,uptonow,recently,since,for,overtime等,IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years.,Hehaslivedheresincelastsummer.,时间线,现在,过去,lived,延续到现在:haslived,lastsummer,since,2).表示过去的某一完成或者发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once，twice，manytimes等.We_(finish)ourlunchalready._youever_(try)thismethod?,havefinished,Have,tried,1.-Wherearethetwins?-Ithinkthey(go)toDafeng.2.There(be)manychangesinCaoyaninthepast5years.3.Jim(visit)theparktwicesincelastmonth.4.Sofar,We(learn)about6hundredEnglishwords.5.She(notgive)theCDsbacktomeyet.,havegone,havebeen,hasvisited,havelearnt,hasntgiven,Haveatry,since和for填空,since+_,用来说明动作起始时间for+_,用来说明动作延续时间。Ihavelivedhere_atleasttwentyyears.Ihavelivedhere_Iwasborn.,时间点,时间段,for,since,固定的特殊句型：1.Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since-clause.2.This(That/It)isthefirst(second)time+that-clause(现在完成时).3.This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting+that-clause(现在完成时).,Tips:,比较一般过去时与现在完成时,1).一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。MyfamilylivedinZhuhai10yearsago.（现在不在珠海了)MyfamilyhavelivedinZhuhaifor10years.(目前还在珠海),2).过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语.I_(study)inZhongshanuniversityin2000.I_(study)inZhongshanuniversitysince2000.I_just_(buy)anapartment.(just表示不确定的时间状语）,studied,havestudied,have,bought,注意：,非延续性动词不能与表示延续时间的状语(since;for)连用。但其否定形式则可以。1)Theyhavemarriedfortenyears.2)Ihavereceivedhisletteramonthago.3)Ihaventreceivedhisletterforamonth.,F,F,T,havebeenmarried,Theygotmarriedtenyearsago.,我已收到他的信一个月了。Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.()请改用三个正确的表达法:1._2._3._,Ihavekepthisletterforamonth.,ItisamonthsinceIreceivedhisletter.,Ireceivedhisletteramonthago.,八.过去完成时(ThepastperfectTense),结构:had+done概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去的过去过去现在将来,Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearnt20units.,现在,过去,过去的过去,theendoflastterm,hadlearnt,时间线,用法1.表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用bytheend,bythetime,by，before，until，when等词引导的时间状语。如：,IhadhopedtoseemoreofShangHai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.,2.表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。意为“本来打算”，“本来想”。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected(that/todo)或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/plannedto(havedone)。,3、常用于下列句型中：1)Hardly/Nosooner(过去完成时)when/than（一般过去时）。2)It/This/Thatwasthetimethat(从句用过去完成时)。3)Itwas+一段时间+since(从句用过去完成时)。,Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Hardly/Scarcely_webeenseatedwhenthebusstarted.,had,1.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_(runaway).2.WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents_(begin)reading.3.Hewalkedinasifhe_(buy)theschool.(12广东）,hadrunaway,hadbegun,hadbought,Haveatry,4.I_totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasntabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped5.Helen_herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome,c,c,导入之九：-Howlonghaveyoubeenstudyinginthisschool?,-Almosttwoandahalfyears.,九、现在完成进行时,主语+has/have+been+doing.表示过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在还会继续下去的动作（动作未完成），动词必须用延续性动词。Hehasbeenworkinghereforthreeyears.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitieshasbeenrisingsteadilysince1990.,-Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatwhyI_toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone,现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别1.现在完成时:表到现在为止已经完成，或过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；现在完成进行时:往往强调仍将继续下去的动作。Ihavewrittenaletter.（已完成）Ihavebeenwritingaletter.（未完成）,过去,现在,时间线,havewritten,havebeenwriting,2.有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。Ihavelivedherefortenyears.=Ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears.,解动词填空题“三步曲”,一看时间状语1.There(be)amatchthisevening.2.Motherneverknewwhat_(happen)in10years.3.I(have)thisbookfor2weeks.4.Alice(wait)forusintheroomnow.5.Everyyear,manytrees(plant)alongtheriver.,willbe,wouldhappen,havehad,iswaiting,areplanted,二观上下文联系1.Shecantbehere.She(go)toCanada.2.Keepquiet,please!They(have)alesson.3.-Hi,LinTao.Ididntseeyouattheparty.-Oh,I(get)readyfortheexam.4.Dontcomeheretomorrow.I(have)ameeting.,hasgone,arehaving,wasgetting,willhave,三找隐含条件1.Tom(go)tobedearlybuthisbrotherdoesnt.2.-Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?-Hesaidthattheearth(travel)aroundthesun.3.Thebridge(be)opentotrafficinafewyears,isntit?4.Listen!Jimsradio(make)aloudnoise.Wouldyoupleasetellhim_(turn)itdown?,goes,travels,isgoingtobe,ismaking,toturn,ExercisesIusually_upat6:00,butyesterdayI_upat7:00andtomorrowI_upat6:30.(get)Listen!Someone_(knock)atthedoor.I_(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.Howoften_Andy_(surf)theinternet?Hefellasleepwhilehe_(read)abook.,get,willget,got,isknocking,havebeen,does,surf,wasreading,6.I_never_(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9._thestory_(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What_hismother_(do)whenheopenedthedoor?,have,heard,went,wouldput,Did,happen,was,doing,11.Ifit_(notrain)tomorrow,they_(go)fishing.12._yourmother_thepianoeverySunday?13.They_(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.To