改正后循环流化床锅炉运行经济性分析

of 16 session brought to adhere to people-oriented, all-round, coordinated and sustainable scientific development view, promoting economic and social and human development. The core of the scientific Outlook on development is people-oriented. Implement the scientific concept of development and first implementation of people-oriented requirements. Office of the Party Committee of this years work, we have to firmly establish the idea of people-oriented philosophy, richness of understanding the people-oriented, seriously implement people-oriented requirements correctly grasping the practice of people-oriented, through people-oriented three services working process, pushing the city Party Committee Office work to a new level. Investee (b) investee by people-oriented, in the final analysis is centred, human premise, a human-powered, human purpose. People-oriented thinking long. As early as the spring and Autumn period of more than 2000 years ago, Qi Guan Zhong: overlord of the beginning, and people-oriented. Principle of the solid. For thousands of years, traditional Chinese political culture there is a wide variety of people-oriented thought. Pan Gengs people to the Duke of Zhous protect and then to Confucius man, from his your KingLight to the idea of Grand boat water and then to advocate since the Han and Tang dynasties nation , these useful idea is, is the country of the people, political sources. The rulers of people, the San Zhi bei yan; the rulers of thin people, then died suddenly. The West ever since the Renaissance, it is because of the rise of humanism, really started to self awareness, self discovery and self-reflection. Predecessors in criticism of Marx and Engels thought on the basis of the outcome of, according to the great discovery of historical materialism, reveals the true nature of human existence, the ideology was essential and strongly suggests, as provided. In 1894, the Engels from Marxs writings, singled out his favorite passage for the new century weekly solemn inscriptions: there, the free development of each is the free development of all people. In modern society, people-oriented thinking more and more attention. People generally regard it as a kind of economic and social development, a principle, a requirement, as a need to maintain the interest of the people of, a pursuit, a purpose. This idea was praised, with the profound connotation and practical significance. Investee 1. people answering epistemological questions and answered the questions of methodology. People contains a profound philosophical, epistemological and methodological significance of science. Known as epistemology, refers to the theories on the relationship between knowledge and practice. In the view of Marx and Engels, man is mans world, is the State, society, and history writers and characters. In other words, the world is one world, society is human society. We know the society, starting from the people to observe; we know the practice, from the people to study; we knew Office work, from the people who set out to explore. Ignoring this, will she seek 继续教育学院毕业设计（论文）纸 循环流化床锅炉运行经济性分析摘要 同煤国电王坪发电有限公司#1、2锅炉是华西能源工业股份有限公司生产的HX725/13.34-II1型锅炉，单锅筒、一次中间再热超高压自然循环、高温汽冷式旋风分离器、非机械式J阀回料装置、水冷等压风室、循环流化床燃烧方式、平衡通风。锅炉为岛式半露天布置，分别于2010年8月和2010年9月相继投产运行，由于我公司的两台循环流化床锅炉投运早、容量大、经验少，自机组投运以来曾多次出现问题，影响了机组的安全经济运行。在这期间我们总结了大量的经验和教训，采取了诸多保证锅炉安全运行的措施，取得了较理想的效果，但在经济运行方面与煤粉炉相比还存在较大差距。本文试图从循环流化床锅炉的几个主要经济指标（燃烧效率、飞灰含碳量、煤耗、风机电耗）方面进行分析，并依据我公司现状，总结一些提高其经济性的运行调整经验，以便在实际运行中加以实施，充分发挥循环流化床锅炉的优势。 关键词：循环流化床锅炉经济性燃烧效率电耗运行调整 Circulating fluidized bed boiler Economic Analysis Document With coal guodian WangPing power generation Co., LTD. # 1 and 2, the boiler is west China energy industry Co., LTD HX725/13.34-the production II1 type boiler, single pot of tube, a reheat cycles, high temperature high pressure steam cold type cyclone separator, the mechanical J valve back pressure loading device, water cooling wind room, circulating fluidized bed combustion way, balance ventilation. The boiler for island type half open, decorate respectively in August 2010 and September 2010, because I have put into production operation of the company two sets of circulating fluidized bed boiler operation early, large capacity, less experience, put DuoCi since the unit had problems, affecting the safe and economic operation of the unit. During this period we summarize a lot of experience and lessons, and adopted many guarantee the safe operation of the boiler measures, obtained a ideal effect, but in the economic operation of pulverized coal in the furnace and has a large gap. This article attempts from the circulating fluidized bed boiler several main economic index (the combustion efficiency, fly ash, coal consumption, the carbon content of fan electricity cost) were analyzed, and based on the current situation, summarizes some I improve its economy operation experience, in order to adjust the actual operation of the implement, give full play to the advantages of circulating fluidized bed boiler.Key words： circulating fluidized bed boiler combustion efficiency economy running power consumption adjustment目 录摘 要 1Abstract 2目 录 3前 言 1 1.锅炉概述2 1.1循环流化床锅炉基本原理 2 1.2锅炉规范 3 1.2.1锅炉主要性能参数 3 1.2.2锅炉结构尺寸4 1.3锅炉结构特点 42.锅炉运行状况7 3.提高循环流化床锅炉运行经济性的措施7 3.1运行管理措施7 3.2运行技术措施8 3.2.1低床压燃烧措施8 3.2.2低氧量燃烧措施9 3.2.3高炉膛压力燃烧措施9 3.2.4优化煤粒粒径级配措施12 3.3经济指标分析12 3.3.1降低风机电耗12 3.3.2降低飞灰可燃物13 3.3.3减少循环流化床锅炉的非计划停炉次数15 3.3.4降低循环流化床锅炉点火耗油量16 3.3.5降低供电煤耗174.结 论 18 致 谢 19参考资料 20should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installationend to form a proper understanding. Methodology refers to methods of knowing the world, transforming the worlds theory. Historical materialism tells us that social development, leave is impossible; all social progress, leaving people unable to achieve. We do anything, must first of all take into account the human factor, to find ways to give full play to the initiative and human creativity, mobilizing peoples enthusiasm. This is the result of numerous historical practice of most of the scientific method. Emperor TaizongThe world of excellence into my opponent and Zhenguan rule, Qing Zeng Guofan to more aides for the first prerequisite Zhong XING Ming Chen, are insisting on methodology of successful models. Promoting the reform and development, construction of well-off, more demands that we as a people-oriented scientific method. We do work in the countryside, it is necessary to put farmers first we engage in State-owned enterprise reform, we must regard expanding employment as an important goal we created urban, optimization-Habitat environment must be pursued. Promotion Office, too, only mans subject status, to achieve rapid development. Investee 2. people who responded to the question, and replied to questions depending on who. Who issues, is concerned with the problem of the ruling party; depending on who issues are questions relating to the source of power of the ruling party. Look at the trend of the world, throughout the ages, no partys fate was not to be dominated by people, no Albert is not driven by the people of a nation. Our party has always attached importance to people, caring for people, his people as the coldest winter, parents of people as their own, but there were also some in adhere to people-oriented bias, war sufan expansion peacetime cultural revolution, has caused a great loss to the revolution and construction. Through history, our party proved that when people, caring for people, and along the way there is a powerful force; when to ignore peoples thinking, to ignore the interests and needs of the people, the partys cause will suffer setbacks. People-oriented, power for the people, this is the most fundamental rules governing laws, large and small, every aspect is also ruling is the most essential requirements. Set up the people-oriented concept of governance, requires us to establish the main position, everything for the masses, rely on the masses, and consciously do right for the people, show concern for the benefit of people and bring benefit to the people, real people as masters of the country, construction of the main body and the cause of main. From this perspective, adhere to the people-oriented and that is power for the people is to uphold the mass viewpoint and the mass line of the party. Office work is serving the overall work of the party. Only around the service objects, service, relying on the service principal to the service in order to Shun Water push the boat, a long-term perspective, creating impressive performance. Investee 3. people responded to a question of values, again answering Outlook on questions. Values and Outlook are an organic unity, and Outlook - 19 - 前 言 随着近几年电力工业的高速发展和环保力度的逐步加大，特别是洁净发电技术的推广应用，循环流化床技术（CFB）得到了较快的发展和普及。提高大型循环流化床锅炉运行的安全性、经济性、环保性和可靠性受到了越来越多的关注和重视。目前已投运的高参数循环流化床锅炉，经过不断的经验交流和总结，已基本能保证锅炉的安全运行，连续运行天数可达百日以上，但在运行经济性方面却不容乐观，如风机电耗高、飞灰大、煤耗高、非计划停炉次数多、点火耗油量大等，因此分析和研究循环流化床锅炉的运行调整和优化运行方式，对提高循环流化床锅炉的运行可靠性和可利用率有着重要的现实指导意义。 同煤国电王坪发电有限公司#1、2锅炉是华西能源工业股份有限公司生产的HX725/13.34-II1型，锅炉各热力参数基本能达到设计值，并能满负荷稳定运行，在安全运行基础上，我公司积极研讨循环流化床锅炉的运行调整和优化运行方式，并进行认真分析，总结经验教训，积极对设备加以改造，目前两台循环流化床锅炉的运行经济性有了显著的提高。本文试图从锅炉设备改造、运行调整等方面进行分析，总结提高循环流化床锅炉经济性的有效节能改造措施，为国内大型循环流化床锅炉的安全、经济运行提供经验参考和借鉴。 1.锅炉概述1.1 循环流化床锅炉基本原理 在火力发电厂负荷调节范围大、燃煤品质下降、煤种多变、燃煤与环保的矛盾日益突出的情况下，循环流化床锅炉技术已成为首选的高效低污染的洁净煤发电技术。循环流化床(CFB)锅炉技术是二十世纪七十年代发展起来的新技术，七十年代的世界能源危机、以及八十年代的环境保护运动推动了循环流化床燃烧技术的发展。作为一种新型、成熟的高效低污染清洁燃烧技术，循环流化床锅炉特殊的燃烧方式具有许多其它燃烧方式不具备的优点：可以实现低温燃烧，低NOx排放并可实现在燃烧过程中直接脱硫，大大地减少了作为世界主要大气污染源-燃煤电站的二氧化硫(SO2)和氮氧化合物(NOx)排放，即从根本上解决了酸雨问题。同时，循环流化床锅炉还具有燃料适应性广、燃烧效率高、负荷调节范围大、负荷调节性能好、灰渣活性好便于综合利用、可以实现压火热备用、投资和运行成本相对较低等优点，因此循环流化床燃烧技术在世界上得到迅猛发展，取得了重大的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。流化是气流以一定速度穿过布风装置上的固体物料，气流对固体物料颗粒产生的作用力与固体物料颗粒所受到的其他外力相平衡时，使物料颗粒通过与气流的充分接触而转变成类似流体的运动状态。循环流化床燃烧技术是在鼓泡流化床燃烧基础上发展起来的，循环流化床燃烧方式与鼓泡流化床燃烧方式的根本区别是：在于前者的大量固体物料能在流化床内实现多次循环燃烧。流化床类别主要取决于床内空床截面速度。鼓泡流化床是在气流空床截面速度低于23 m/s的情况下运行，此时床层具有明显的分界面。循环流化床气流空床截面速度一般在3.58 m/s，此时床内混合强烈、流化均匀稳定，床层没有明显的分界面。宽筛分颗粒的煤和脱硫剂被送入锅炉炉膛后，迅速被炉膛内存在的大量高温惰性物料包围，着火燃烧，发生脱硫反应，并在上升烟气流作用下向炉膛上部的密相区和稀相区运动，并对水冷壁和炉内布置的其他受热面放热。粗大粒子在被上升的烟气流带入悬浮区后，在重力及其他外力作用下不断减速偏离上升的主气流，并最终形成附壁下降粒子流。被夹带出炉膛的粒子气固混合物进入高温旋风分离器，大量固体物料(包括煤粒和脱硫剂)，被分离出来由回料装置送回炉膛，进行循环燃烧和脱硫。未被分离出来的极细粒子随烟气流进入锅炉尾部竖井烟道，进一步对锅炉尾部受热面冷却放热，烟气经过除尘器后，由引风机送入烟囱排向大气。固体物料经过多次炉内循环和炉外循环，燃烧效率高，高浓度含尘气流强化了对受热面的传热。同时，通过循环灰量、风煤配比等手段来控制床温，实现850950左右的低温燃烧，再通过向床内添加石灰石等脱硫剂以及分级布风形式的采用，有效地控制了SO2和NOx等有害气体的生成量，使锅炉排放达到环保标准。1.2锅炉规范1.2.1锅炉主要性能参数 名称单位数值过热蒸汽流量(B-MCR)t/h725过热蒸汽压力(表压)MPa(g)13.34过热蒸汽温度540再热蒸汽流量(B-MCR)t/h628.72再热蒸汽进/出口压力(表压)MPa(g)3.078/2.908再热蒸汽进/出口温度336.6/540给水温度(B-MCR)261.1切高加给水温度167空气预热器进口冷风温度20空气预热器出口热热风温度237.6排烟温度132冷渣器出口渣温150锅炉类型/循环流化床锅炉煤粒度mm09，d50=0.9燃煤耗量t/h140.1锅炉效率%90.56构架地震设防级别/1.2.2锅炉结构尺寸 名称单位数值炉膛宽度(两侧水冷壁管子中心线间距离) mm22680炉膛深度(前后水冷壁中心线间距离) mm8722锅筒中心线标高mmmm53670锅炉宽度mmmm40000锅炉深度mmmm37500锅炉顶板主梁上标高mm61400锅炉运转层标高mm100001.3锅炉结构特点HX720/13.34-1型锅炉为单锅筒、一次中间再热超高压自然循环、高温汽冷式旋风分离器、非机械式阀回料装置、水冷等压风室、全钢栓焊型结构锅炉构架、循环流化床燃烧方式、平衡通风。锅炉为岛式半露天布置。锅炉以带基本负荷为主，并具有调峰能力。锅炉主要由一个膜式水冷壁炉膛，三台汽冷式旋风分离器和一个由汽冷包墙包覆的尾部竖井(HRA)三部分组成。炉膛内布置有屏式受热面：六片屏式过热器管屏、四片屏式再热器管屏和四片水冷蒸发屏。锅炉共布置有八个给煤口和三个石灰石给料口，给煤口全部置于炉前，在前墙水冷壁下部收缩段沿宽度方向均匀布置。炉膛底部是由水冷壁管弯制围成的水冷风室，水冷风室下部布置有点火风道，点火风道内布置有两台床下风道点火器，燃烧器配有高能点火装置。风室底部布置有4根219mm的落渣管。炉膛与尾部竖井之间，布置有三台汽冷式旋风分离器，其下部各布置一台“J”阀回料器。尾部由包墙分隔，在锅炉深度方向形成双烟道结构，前烟道布置了两组低温再热器，后烟道从上到下依次布置有高温过热器、低温过热器，向下前后烟道合成一个，在其中布置有螺旋鳍片管式省煤器和卧式钢管空气预热器，一二次风沿锅炉宽度方向双进双出。锅炉除尾部空预器采用支撑结构外，整台锅炉均由搁置在构架顶部的顶板悬吊。锅炉炉膛由606.5mm光管加扁钢组焊成膜式水冷壁组成，锅炉水循环系统采用自然循环方式，其水循环系统主要由锅筒、集中下降管和下水连接管、水冷壁上升管和汽水引出管组成。整个炉膛为悬吊结构，全部重量通过水冷壁上集箱吊于顶板上。为保证各回路的水冷壁管向下的膨胀量大致相同，水冷壁上集箱的各吊点标高大致相同；为保证锅炉运行安全及增强炉墙水冷壁、包墙管的刚性，在水冷壁及过热器包墙管部位设置了刚性梁，刚性梁可随其一起向下膨胀。锅炉汽水系统回路包括尾部省煤器、锅筒、水冷系统、汽冷式旋风分离器进口烟道、汽冷式旋风分离器、HRA包墙过热器、低温过热器、屏式过热器、高温过热器及连接管道、低温再热器、屏式再热器及连接管道。锅炉给水首先被引至尾部烟道省煤器进口集箱两侧，逆流向上经过水平布置的螺旋鳍片管式省煤器管组进入省煤器出口集箱，通过省煤器引出管从锅筒右封头进入锅筒。在锅炉启动阶段没有建立足够量的连续给水流入锅筒时，省煤器再循环管路可以将锅水从锅筒引至省煤器进口集箱，防止省煤器管子内的水静滞汽化。锅炉的水循环采用集中供水，分散引入、引出的方式。给水引入锅筒水空间，并通过集中下降管和下水连接管进入水冷壁和水冷蒸发屏进口集箱。锅水在向上流经炉膛水冷壁、水冷蒸发屏的过程中被加热成为汽水混合物，经各自的上部出口集箱通过汽水引出管引入锅筒进行汽水分离。被分离出来的水重新进入锅筒水空间，并进行再循环，被分离出来的饱和蒸汽从锅筒顶部的蒸汽连接管引出。饱和蒸汽从锅筒引出后，由饱和蒸汽连接管引入汽冷式旋风分离器入口烟道的上集箱，下行冷却烟道后由连接管引入汽冷式旋风分离器下环形集箱，上行冷却分离器筒体之后，由连接管从分离器上环形集箱引至尾部竖井侧包墙上集箱，下行冷却侧包墙后进入侧包墙下集箱，由包墙连接管引入前、后包墙下集箱，向上行进入中隔墙上集箱汇合，向下冷却中隔墙进入中隔墙下集箱，即低温过热器进口集箱，逆流向上对后烟道低温过热器管组进行冷却后，从锅炉两侧连接管引至炉前屏式过热器进口集箱，流经屏式过热器受热面后，从锅炉两侧连接管返回到尾部竖井后烟道中的高温过热器，最后合格的过热蒸汽由高过出口集箱两侧引出。从汽轮机高压缸排汽引入尾部竖井前烟道低温再热器进口集箱，流经两组低温再热器管组，由低温再热器出口集箱引出，从锅炉两侧连接管引至炉前屏式再热器进口集箱，逆流向上冷却布置在炉膛内的屏式再热器后，合格的再热蒸汽从炉膛上部屏式再热器出口集箱两侧引至汽轮机中压缸。过热器系统采取调节灵活的喷水减温作为汽温调节和保护各级受热面管子的手段，整个过热器系统共布置有两级喷水。一级减温器(左右各一台)布置在低过出口至屏过入口管道上，作为粗调；二级减温器(左右各一台)位于屏过与高过之间的连接管道上，作为细调。再热蒸汽温度采用尾部双烟道挡板作为主要调节手段，通过调节尾部过热器和再热器平行烟道内烟气调节挡板，利用烟气流量和再热蒸汽出口温度的关系来调节挡板开度，从而控制流经再热器侧和过热器侧的烟气量，达到调节再热蒸汽温度的目的。流经再热器侧的烟气份额随锅炉负荷的降低而增加，在一定的负荷范围内维持再热蒸汽温度为额定值。烟气挡板调温方式以不牺牲电厂循环效率为基础，是最为经济的调节再热蒸汽温度的方式。但为增加调节灵敏度，再热系统也布置两级减温器，第一级布置在低温再热器进口前的管道上(左右各一台)，作为事故喷水减温器，第二级布置在低温再热器至屏式再热器的连接管道上(左右各一台)，作为微喷减温器。以上两级喷水减温器均可通过调节左右侧的喷水量，以达到消除左右两侧汽温偏差的目的。锅筒内径1600mm，壁厚90mm，材料13MnNiMo54，锅筒及其内部设备金属总重约为101吨。锅筒由两根U吊杆悬吊在顶板梁上。锅筒正常水位在锅筒中心线下76mm，运行中允许水位波动76mm，高于或低于此范围的长期运行将影响分离器的性能。如果锅筒水位高于正常水位的125mm(最高安全水位或高报警水位)，DCS发出警报，并可开启锅筒紧急放水；如果高于正常水位200mm(最最高水位或高水位跳闸)，锅炉自动停炉。高水位引起卧式分离器内水泛滥，降低汽水分离能力；低水位时也会使分离器效率降低，湿蒸汽离开汽包进入过热器系统。如果锅筒水位低于正常水位的200mm(最低安全水位或低警报水位)，DCS发出警报；如果低于正常水位280mm(最最低水位或低水位跳闸)，锅炉自动停炉。空气预热器为卧式管箱结构，一、二次风分开布置。一次风布置在低温过热器和低温再热器出口，二次风布置在省煤器出口，通过烟气调节挡板调节进入一次空气预热器的烟气量，从而达到调节一次风温的目的。锅炉采用蒸汽吹灰系统，吹灰介质为再热蒸汽，吹灰汽源取自低温再热器进口集箱，管座为605，在BMCR工况下蒸汽压力约为2.6MPa(g)，温度为314。2.锅炉运行状况 #1、2循环流化床锅炉投运后，经过不断的经验交流和总结，已基本能保证锅炉的安全运行，连续运行天数可达百日以上，但运行经济性方面与传统的煤粉炉相比却不容乐观，其主要经济指标如风机电耗、飞灰、煤耗、非计划停炉次数、点火耗油量等均不如煤粉炉，提高循环流化锅炉的运行经济性迫在眉睫。我公司上下齐努力，从多方面入手，积极探索并总结提高循环流化床锅炉运行经济性的经验，并取得了显著成效。3.提高循环流化床锅炉运行经济性的措施 3.1运行管理措施 在成功保证循环流化床锅炉的安全运行后，其运行经济性不高的缺点比较明显，为提高其运行经济性，公司成立了专门的运行管理小组，首先在运行管理上加大力度，采取的措施主要有以下几点： 3.1.12010年初，针对#1、2机组刚投产，机组非计划停炉次数较多。从操作技术不成熟、对循环流化床机组燃烧特性不了解等方面，组织技术管理和运行人员，到其他兄弟单位学习、搜资，研讨优化运行调整方案并在实际运行中加以验证和实施。 3.1.2成立运行攻关小组并积极组织专业技术人员，利用学习天、公休天和工作现场，对#1、2机组人员进行技术再讲课、再培训，将公司和其他兄弟单位运行中遇到的异常，根据现象进行分析原因并制定防范措施，及时将措施编印给运行人员并在运行中严格执行。 3.1.3将循环流化床锅炉理论和经验交流会的部分成果吸收、消化，转化为与我们机组相适应的技术措施，讲解给运行人员，使所有运行人员深入了解和掌握循环流化床锅炉的原理和调整原则。 3.1.4每季度在公司仿真机上组织一次反事故演习，不断锻炼运行人员处理事故和应变的能力。 通过以上措施，使运行人员理论知识更加丰富、运行调整能力大大提高、事故处理应变能力得到加强，相应机组运行水平得到提高。 3.2运行技术措施 在确保循环流化床锅炉能够安全稳定运行前提下，我公司对机组主要经济指标（如厂用电率、供电煤耗、锅炉效率等）加强了管理，通过搜集资料、多次研讨优化运行调整的方案，制定多项运行调整措施，并在实际运行中加以验证后再次改进，总结一系列针对循环流化床锅炉燃烧调整的经验，提出了四项有效的燃烧措施，使循环流化床锅炉的燃烧经济性得到大幅提高，详述如下： 3.2.1低床压燃烧措施 床压的大小是反映炉内床料量多少的参数，也是炉床料量多少的唯一判断依据，其数值又受到负荷、风量、床料粒度、煤质、煤种等多因素的影响，因而床压是循环流化床锅炉燃烧技术中最重要而又复杂的参数之一。 在锅炉运行中，床压的测量值会随着锅炉的负荷、炉内灰的粒径、煤的质量、煤的破碎粒度以及风量的调整而变化。因此炉内的床压控制值不是一成不变的，合适的床压控制值应根据大量的运行经验来决定，在不同的锅炉负荷下，依据床压测量值和水冷风室压力判断炉内床料量的多少，并参考密相区三层床压值对床料粒度组成作出正确判断。控制床压在合理范围内运行，即能保证锅炉安全运行，又能维持合理且稳定的床温，还能维持较高的炉内燃烧效率。床压过低与过高的不利影响有以下几点： 1)床压过低： 炉内床料量少，床料在炉内的翻滚混合效果减弱，易产生局部流化质量下降，影响安全运行。 炉膛内没有足够的床料参与内循环，对流换热减弱，容易使锅炉带不上额定负荷。 密相区燃烧份额减少，稀相区燃烧份额增大，炉内高温受热面（二级过热器、高温再热器）的对流传热增强，易造成受热管壁面超温。 2)床压过高： 炉内床料量多，为保证流化的良好性，必须增大一次风量，较大的风机压头与较大的一次风量使一次风机电耗过大。 3)炉内床料粒子浓度大，二次风机压头增加，二次风机电耗大。 4)炉内床料粒子浓度大，二次风的穿透能力弱，稀相区煤粒与氧的混合效果差，燃烧效率低。 5)大量的一次风量携带灰粒能力大大加强，颗粒大、风速高，使炉内受热面磨损严重。 因此，床