刘琪璟湿地松生长.ppt

南方湿地松人工林生长状况研究OnthegrowthofslashpineplantationinsubtropicalChina,刘琪璟LiuQi-Jing809918554,北京林业大学林学院DepartmentofForestSciencesBeijingForestryUniversity,报告提纲Outline,1研究背景及意义Background,2研究方法Methods,3主要结果Results,4讨论Discussion,湿地松松科松属Pinaceae拉丁名：Pinuselliottii原产于美国东南部暖热潮湿的低海拔地区（600m以下）。中国山东平邑以南直至海南岛的陵水县、东自台湾、西至成都的广大地区内多处试栽。ThenaturaldistributionareaisintheeastU.S.,under600maslwithhumidclimate.Byintroduction,thespecieshasbeenwidelyplantedinsubtropicalChina.,1.1湿地松特性Featuresofslashpine,适应性强、抗旱耐瘠薄土壤，造林成活率高，前期生长迅速，早期的固碳效益较为明显；含脂量高、质量好，从而能带来明显的经济利益。Thespecieshasastrongadaptability,andcangrowunderdryandinfertilityconditions.Thesurvivalrateofafforestationisveryhigh,andthegrowthinearlyperiodisfast,thatshowsahighefficiencyincarbonsequestration.Theresinishighinbothproductivityandquality,whichbenefitsthelocaleconomy.在我国南方人工林结构中比例迅速增长TheproportionofthisspeciesamongartificialforestinChinaisgrowingrapidly.,1997,1983,Slashpineplaysanimportantroleinrecoveringthelocalenvironment,especiallyfortreatingthebarrenareawhichwastheresultsofirationalexploitation.,湿地松在红壤丘陵区生态恢复中发挥了重要作用Theroleofslashpineinecologicalrestorationinredeartharea,Slashpineplantationwithanageof20years,1.2湿地松的引种历史/IntroductionhistoryinChina,1930小规模引种.Small-scaleintroduction,1945联合国的种子.SeedsprovidedbytheUnitedStates,asanassistantprogramforwar-affectedcountries.,1970-1995大规模引种、栽培、研究.Large-scaleintroductionconducted.Currentlyisstillbeingintroduced.,1995-2009湿地松生态风险，二代问题Ecologicalriskinchina,includingtheregeneration.,1988:880,000ha;1995:1.907millionha.Current:over2millionha.,广东台山种子园TaishanbotanicalgardeninGuangdongProvince.,湖南、江苏、江西、广东.Hunan,Jiangsu,JiangxiandGuangdong,Nonresistancetoice-storm,insectsanddiseases,invasivespecies,1.3科学问题Questions,湿地松在中国生长状况如何?HowaboutthegrowthofslashpineinChina?湿地松在中国的适应性如何？HowabouttheadaptabilityofslashpineinChina?这些人工林生长状况以及存在的风险是什么？Whatistheriskforeco-safetywithalargeareaofslashpineinChina?,研究意义Necessityofthestudy,Positiverole:ThelargeareaofslashpineplantationplaysanimportantroleinimprovingtheoncedegradedenvironmentUncertainty:Asanexoticspecies,however,itsgrowthpotentialandadaptabilityisyettobetestedwithtime.Potentialrisk:Aboveall,itsimpactonthelocalecosystemneedslongtermmonitoring.-大面积的湿地松林改善生态环境发挥着重要作用-但是，作为外来种，其生长状况和生态的适应性需要时间的检验。-湿地松在我国的适应性以及发展前景如何，这些都是需要深入研究和探讨。,Purposeofthestudy:Toidentifythegrowthpatternofslashpine.Toevaluatethecontributionincarbonsink.Todiscusstheadaptabilityorinadaptabilityofthespecies.,2、研究方法与研究地点Sitelocationandmethods,千烟洲Qianyanzhou,青原山Qianyuanshan,生境特征Siteconditions,气候：亚热带季风气候土壤：红壤地形：多为丘陵山地,-Subtropicalmonsoonclimate-Redsoil-Ahillyarea,2.2研究方法Methods,林分特征调查Standsurvey生长过程测定Growthmeasurement直径相关方程Growthsimulation生物量过程推算Biomassgrowthanalysis,3.1湿地松林的结构Standstructure,千烟洲20年生湿地松林结构Standstructureofa20-yearslashpineplantation,3.1湿地松林的结构Standstructure,吉安青原山50年生湿地松林Standstructureofa50-yearslashpineplantation,3.2千烟洲20年生湿地松生长过程Slashpinegrowthintheinitial20years,DBHgrowth胸径生长过程,MeanDBH15.9cmin20years.Slightdeclineafter13years.,3.3直径生长量Thegrowthprocedureintheinitial50years,江西吉安52年生湿地松直径生长过程（半径）Radiusgrowthofa52-yearoldslashpine,湿地松52年的直径总生长量为30cm左右ThetotalDHBgrowthisapproximately30cmattheageof52.,直径连年生长量AnnualDBHgrowth,幼龄湿地松生长年际变化较大，大约在13年开始逐年下降。在612年期间，直径年增长量超过1.2cm，此后增长在1.2cm以下。,DBHgrowth胸径生长过程,-Fastgrowinginthebeginningstage-Maximumgrowthof1.2cm/yr,直径连年生长量AnnualDBHincrementinringwidth,江西吉安52年生湿地松直径生长过程（年轮宽度）Ringwidthsofa52-yearoldslashpine,-造林最初2年，年轮宽度可达0.5cm以上，50年以后为0.1cm。-平均年轮宽度0.32cm，最大为1.1cm。-年轮宽度一开始就呈下降趋势。较高生长速率保持到20年左右，之后下降加速，生长变得极为缓慢。,Theringwidthshowedthewidestinthefirst12years,andthendeclines.Withtheminimumof0.1cmby50years.Theaverageringwidthis0.32cm,withthemaximumof1.1cm.Theradiusgrowthdeclinesevenfromtheverybeginning,andtheitbecomesslowerafter20years.,3.4吉安青原山50年生湿地松生胸高断面积生长过程Thebasalareaincrementofa50-yearoldslashpine,胸高断面积年增长量20年以前呈直线增加，最大值出现在第28年,40年以后迅速下降。湿地松林在40年前碳汇功能作用明显。Thebasalareaincrementshowsalineartrendbefore20years,withitmaximumatage28,andsharplydeclinesafterage40.Implication:thecarbonsequestrationisrobustbytheageof40.,胸断面积同树木年龄的关系,胸高断面积生长量,与美国原产地比较Growthcomparisonwiththatintheoriginalhabitat,千烟洲湿地松生物量增长为4.78t/ha/yr。模拟原产地美国的湿地松人工林林冠净同化能力为12.63tC/ha(Wendelletal.,2000)，表明引种区湿地松的生长要慢得多。,与美国原产地比较HabitatcomparisonwiththeoriginalregionintheUS,林木的生长趋势是一致的。这在一定程度上反映了该种在中国的适应性。在气候上最大的差异是，原产地水热同步，而江西吉安地区夏季有明显的干燥季节。Thegrowthtrendsaresimilarbetweenthetworegions,whilethemostdifferentaspectinclimateisthattheprecipitationinrelationwithseasonisidenticalinitsnativeareaFlorida,butinthenewhabitat,thereisalargelagofprecipitationinlatesummer.,通过和本地产树种生长状况的比较可以了解外来种的发展潜力。有报道显示，18年生的樟树(Cinnamomumcamphora)林的生物量可达111thm-2(姚迎九等2003)。InsubtropicalChina,acamphorforestwith18yearsoldcanaccumulatebiomassasmuchas111t/ha同年龄的马尾松（Pinusmassoniana）林的生物量也明显高于湿地松林，尽管湿地松的材积生长量大于马尾松。Inresearchsite,themassonpineforestwiththesamestandagebearsmorebiomassthanslashpinestand.,同乡土树种比较Comparisonwithnativespecies,4讨论Discussion,外来物种问题：湿地松是典型的外来树种，能否适应我国的气候与土壤条件，还需要时间的检验。Asanexoticspecies,theadaptabilityofslashpineinChinaneedslong-termmonitoring.Also,thepotentialimpactsonthelocalecosystemaretooearlytoconcludewithmere20yearsofcultivation.,天然更新问题：目前尚未发现湿地松能在林下更新，林缘也没有成功定居的幼苗。说明对该种在自然状态下难以完成更新，需要人工更新。Rareseedlingswerefoundundercanopyorintheedge,whichimpliesitsinabilitytomaintainitselfinthenewhabitat.Artificialregenerationisconsideredtheonlywaytokeepthestructureofcommunity.,ForthesakeofkeepingthebiodiversityofthesubtropicalinChina,aswellasthestabilityoftheforestecosystem,forestr