step-by-step-3000-book4-听力材料及答案-unit1-unit4.doc

Step By Step 3000 Book 4 Tapescripts Step By Step 3000 Book 4 TapescriptsUnit1ThelesstraveledpathPartIWarmingupA. Tapescripts:Man1Whatmakesmehappyisslowingdown.Ithinkthatweliveinaveryfast,speedyworldandweoftenforgettotakestockandtaketime.Well,theproblemwithhappinessisofcoursethatsometimeswhenyouarehappy,youareinfectedwiththespiritofthefactthatitsgoingtostop,sosometimesyoucantenjoyhappinessbecauseyouknowitsgoingtoend.Man2Ithinkitisaverygoodthingtotryandaimtobehappy.Happinessisadifficultconcept.Youreaimingforsortofcontentmentandsatisfactionwithafewofjoy.Andforme,likemostpeopleactually,whattheevidencetellsyouisitsabouthavinggoodrelationshipsandmakingtimeforthem,soImneverhappierthanwhenImwithmywifeandchildandalsohavingfulfillingandsatisfyingwork.Man3Againtheresawealthofevidenceaboutthis-aboveacertainpointwealthandpossessiondontcontributetohappiness.Ofcoursetheresaminimum,ifyouvejustlostyourjobandyoucantpaythemortgage,youregoingtobemiserable.Butaboveacertainlevel,anditsactuallyrelativelylowinasocietylikeours,moneydoesntactuallybuyhappiness.B.Speaker1 notrememberverymuchaboutchildhood/notveryclose/nottalkverymuchSpeaker2getonverywellwithmum/tellhereverything/talkveryopenlySpeaker3(mum)alwaystellmetodothisanddothat/(father)letmedowhatIwantSpeaker4fondmemoriesofchildhood/doalotasfamily/atreatforeachofus/seeminglyspoilusTapescripts:1.Idontrememberverymuchaboutmychildhood,actually.Mywifesalwaysaskingme“whenyouwereaboy,didyouuseto”andIreply“Idontknow,Icantremember.”Wedidntwedidntusetotalkverymuch,wewerentveryclose,orifwewere,wedidntshowit.IrememberIusedtohavemyhaircuteveryFriday.MyfatherandIwouldgotogether.Ihadtheshortesthairintheschool.Whentheydfinishedcuttingit,theydburntheendswithasortofcandle.OhIllneverforgetthatsmell.2.Igotonverywellwithmymother.Iusedtotellhereverythingornearlyeverythingandshedtalktomeveryopenlytoo.Sometimesshedsaytome“Dontgotoschooltoday.Staywithme.”Andwedgooutshoppingorsomethinglikethat.3.Imnotverytidyperson,bymymothersveryhouse-proud,soshesalwaystellingtopickthingsupandputthemaway,anddothisanddothat.Shegoesonforhoursabout“Cleanlinessisnexttogodliness.”Myfatherisntlikethatatall.HeletsmedowhatIwant.Ithinkheslearnednottopayattention.4.Ihaveveryfondmemoriesofmychildhood.Tomeitrepresentedsecurity.Weusedtodoalottogetherasafamily.Irememberwalksandpicnics,andgoingforridesonaSundayafternoon.EveryFriday,whenmyfathercamehomefromwork,hehadatreatforeachofus.Mymotherusedtosayhewasspoilingus,butwhynot?Itdidntdousanyharm.C.1.armchairs2.bed3.dresser4.desk5.chair6bookcase7.TV 8-1.stereo8-2.speaker9.tablelampTapescripts:Man-MWoman-WM:Gee,Idontrememberitbeingthissmall.Ithoughttheroomwasalot bigger.W:SodidI.ButitsOKoncewegetthefurniturein.Look,whydontweputthearmchairsinfrontofthefireplace?M:Yeah.Um,maybeweshoulddecidereallywherethebedgoesfirst.Itsithebiggestpieceoffurniture,afterallW:Right.Well,whydontweputthebedbehindthedoorasyoucomein?M:oh,yeah,thatsagoodidea.Umwecanputthebedinthecorner.W:OK.Now,whatsnext?M:Well,howaboutthedresser?W:Whydontweputitacrossfromthefireplaceinthecornernexttothecloset?Imgoingtoputittherenow.Whydontyouhelpme?M:WhydontyoumoveitandIlljustwatch.W:Oh,yeah,right.Comeon,liftyourend.Nowdontscratchthefloor.M:OK,butitsheavy.W:Whatsinit?Ithoughtyouweresupposedtoemptyoutthedrawers.M:Well,IdidntgetaroundtothatthismorningW:Ah (Mm)didntgetaroundtoit.Letmesee.Howdoesthatlook?M:Itlooksgood.W:Hmm,now,wheredoyouwantyourdesk?M:Well,howaboutinthefarcornerbetweenthetwowindows?Imean,Ineedlotsoflight.W:Doyouthinkitllfitthere?M:Well,itllprobablyfitifwwecanputitdiagonally.W:Oh,goodidea.Andthenthechaircanhaveitsbackthefireplace.(Mm-hmm)Yeah,Icouldlivewiththat.Allright,whataboutthebookcase?M:Well,howaboutonthefarwallbetweenthosetwowindows,Iguess,soIllberightnearthedesk?W:Yeah,yeah,goodidea.Allright,wheredoyouthinktheTVshouldgo?M:Howaboutinthecornertotheleftofthefireplace,sowecanwatchitfromthearmchairs?AndwecanputthestereonexttotheTVwith,uh,thespeakersoneithersideofthefireplace.W:Terrific!Now,letmesee,whatelseisthere?M:Well,theresthetablelamp.W:Well,thetablelampshouldgoontopofthedresser.Holditaminute,ImImtryingtofindtheoutletyouknow,thatreallylooksnice.M:Mm-hmm.Lookingatthedesk,though,IthinkImayneedsomemore lighttowork.WellIcouldbuyadesklamp.W:Goodidea.Youknow,theplacereallylooksgood.M:Yeah.W:Youwanttoputyourbooksinthebookcasenow,ordoyouwanttowaitfor.PartIIOptingforaslowerpaceoflifeinthe21stcenturyA.Questions:1.abreathlessracewithtime/speedaholic/alonglistofthingstodo/obsessedwithsavingtime.2.threeyearsago/readingbedtimestoriestohis3-year-oldson/speedreading/gonetoofar.3.improvethequalityoflife/moreslowlybetterproductivityup/attherightspeed.Tapescripts:Asyoumayhavenoticedlifeisfast-paced.Wetravelonbullettrainsandjets.Newscomestousatthespeedoflight.AndwithcellphonesandtheInternetandofcourse,fastfood,mostpeoplerushthroughtheirdays,tryingtodomoreinlessandlesstime.Butnoteveryone.Somepeoplearetryingtoslowdown,andinsteadofracingthroughlife,actuallyexperienceit.JournalistCarlHonoreadmitsthatnotlongagohislifewasabreathlessracewiththetime.“Intheolddays,whenIwasaspeedaholic.Ifyoulike,mywholelifewasjustalonglistofthingstodo.”Tofinishallthosetasks,dayafterday,Mr.Honoresayshebecameobsessedwithsavingtimewhereverhecouldaminutehere,afewsecondsthere.Hesayspeopleusuallydontrealizethattheirwholelifehasturnedintoanexercisein“hurryup”untiltheygetawakeupcallandsomethingstopsthemintheirtracks.Mr.Honoreswakeupcallcamethreeyearsagowhenhebeganreadingbedtimestoriestohis3-year-oldson.“IdgointohisroomattheendofthenightandIjustcouldntslowdown.Idbespeed-readingTheCatintheHat,whichisridiculous.IheardabouttheseriesofbookscalledOne-MinutesBedtimeStories,whichisahorribleidea,butmyfirstreactionwas,Whatagreatidea,Imustgetsome.ThatswhenIcaughtmyself,andIjustthoughtNo,thishasgonetoofar.”Toimprovethequalityoflife,Mr.Honoresays,peopleneedtoembracewhathecalls“thephilosophyofslow.”“Ithinkthatoneoftheculturalassumptionswemakenowadaysisthatslowisbadandthatslowingdownmeansbeinglazyorunproductiveorgivingup.Buttheoppositeiftrue.Now,morethaneverinthishigh-tech24/7technologydrenchedsociety,weneedmomentsofslowness.Whenyouworkmoreslowingyouactuallyworkbetter,yourproductivitygoesup.Soyouknow,sometimesyouhavetogofastatwork.Peopleneedtodothingsattherightspeed.Theyneedtore-learnthelostartofshiftinggears.”B.Tapescripts:Thephilosophyofslowisaworldwidephenomenon,andavarietyofslowmovementsareredefiningourrelationshipwithtime.OneofthosegroupsisSlowFood.MakaleFaberisspokeswomanforitsUSchapter,“Theorganizationhasalwaysbeenkindofagainstthespreadofthefastfoodculturearoundtheworld.Butitsmorethanjustthefood.Wereallykindofeducateconsumersabouthowfoodsarerelatedtoculture.Itsalsoaboutthisindustriallife,whichyouknow,haschangedthecultureofmanyworkplaces.Peoplearemulti-tasking,doingseveraljobsatonce,notbeingabletotaketimetohavelunchduringtheirworkdayorvacations.”SlowFoodnowhas13,000membersintheUnitedStatesandmorethan80,000in60countriesaroundtheworld.Otherorganizationsinthemovementfocusonbusiness,exerciseorproductdesign.OnedesignthatreflectsslownessisalineofproductscalledBrokenWhitebyDutchindustrialdesignerSimonHeijdens.“Itsactuallyasetofdinnerdishes,whiteceramicdishes.Theyappeartobejustwhiteplates,bowlsandmugs,butoverthecourseoftheirusetheybegintodeveloptheseverysmallcracks.Andastheycontinuetobeused,thecracksrevealthemselvestobefloralpatterns,whichyoumightfindonyourgrandmotherschina.Andsoyouhaveastrongerattachmenttothoseproducts.Andyourelesslikelytodisposeofthembecausetheyareactuallycarryinganexpressionofyourrelationshipwiththem.”Withtheslowmovementnowspreadingacrosstheglobe,InPraiseofSlownessauthorCarlHonoresayshehopestheworldshurry-up,impatientlifestylewillstarttorelax.However,heacknowledgesthatslowingdownisnotsomethingpeoplecandoquicklyand,withallthepressureonustogoevenfaster,itsnotalwayseasy.But,hesays,itsworththeeffort.PartIIIFamilyTheFamilyI.FunctionsoffamilyA.Providingnecessitiesoflife/sharetheeconomicburdensB.OfferingaffectionaljoysC.RaisingchildrentoadulthoodD.GivingprotectionintimesofemergencyII.PatternsoffamilyA.Extendedfamilyuncles,aunts,cousinsandin-lawsB.Nuclearfamilyahusband,wifeandtheirchildrenC.Polygamoushouseholdahusband,severalwivesandtheirchildrenD.Dividedresidencehusbandandwifelivingseparatelywithchildrenraisedbymothersbrother.E.Nayarwayoflivingbrothersandsistersandsisterschildren*Communallivinggrouppersonnotbiologicallyrelated.III.FactorsinfluencingfamilystructureA.Economicconditionse.g.NoaidfromsocietyorstateextendedfamilyB.Industrializationandurbanizatione.g.CreationofmanyspecializedjobsnuclearfamilyC.Inheritancecustomse.g.1.Propertyinheritedbyeldestson2.PropertyinheritedbyallofthesonsTapescripts:Throughouthistorythebasicunitofalmosteveryhumansocietyhasbeenthefamily.Themembersofthefamilylivetogetherunderthesameroof,theysharetheeconomicburdensoflifeaswellasitsaffectionaljoys,anditisthefamilywhichhasprimaryresponsibilityfortheimportanttaskofraisingchildrentoadulthood.Thefamilyisnotauniformconceptinallsocieties.Inmanyplacesitisanextendedgroupwhichincludesuncles,aunts,cousinsandin-laws.Thefamilyheadusuallyhasconsiderableinfluenceinarrangingmarriages,selectingcareersanddeterminingallimportantmovesandpurchasesbyanymemberofthefamily.Particularlyinconditionswheresocietyorthestatedoesnotgiveaidandwhereconsequentlytheresponsibilitiesofthefamilyaregreater,thislargergroupprovidesbetterprotectionintimesofeconomicorotheremergency.Inmanyothersocieties,includingmostindustrializedones,the“nuclearfamily”isthebasicsocialunit.Thistermreferstoahusbandandwifeunitedthroughmarriageandtheirdependentchildren,whethernaturaloradopted.Industrializationandurbanizationcreatemanyspecializedjobswhichtendtoscatterfamilymembersamongdifferentemployersandthustoseparateresidencesassoonastheybecomewageearners.Thesmallfamily,whichhasonlyoneorifthewifeworksalso,twoemployedmembers,isbetterabletoadapttorapidchangeandtomovewhenthejobmoves.Thenuclearfamilyisalmostuniversalandthenucleargroupoffather,motherandtheirchildrenisrecognizedevenwhenitispartofanextendedfamily.Therearecases,however,whichstrainthedefinition.Polygamy,forexample,bringsseveralwivesandtheirchildrenintothepicture.Butpolygamoushouseholdsarenotcommoninanysociety.Moredifficulttoexplainarethecasesofdividedresidence.AmongtheAshantipeopleofAfrica,wherethewifeandhusbanddonotresidetogether,thechildgetstrainingandaffectionfromthemothersbrotherandlearnsthathismothershusbandis“nothisfamily”.AnevenstrangersituationexistedwiththeNayarofIndiabeforebeingchangedbyoutsideinfluence.Therethehouseholdconsistedofbrothersandsistersandthesisterschildren.Thesisterswerenotmarriedandthebrotherssimplytookcareofwhateverchildrentheirsistershad.Inheritancecustomsalsohaveaninfluenceonthestructureofthefamily.InEnglandthefarmwaspassedontotheeldestsoninordertokeepthefamilylandintact.Youngersonshadtogooutandstartanewfarmorjointhearmyormovetotownandtakeupatrade.TheyprovidedalargepartofthelaborsupplyduringEnglandsindustrializationprocess.InmanyareasoftheEuropeancontinentallofthesonssharedequallyintheinheritanceandmoreextendedhouseholdswerecommon.Althoughtheexactfromvariesfromplacetoplaceandtimetotime,wecansaythatthefamilyistheoriginalandmostnaturalsocialgroup.Thetieswedevelopbylongintimateassociationwiththesmallgroupofpersonswhoarebiologicallyrelatedtouscannotbematchedinanyoftheformsofcommunallivingwhicharetriedeverynowandthen. Unit2TheChangingWomenPartIWarmingupA.Tapescripts:1.Organizedactivityonbehalfofwomensrightsbeganinthemid1800s,whenbothbylawandbycustom,womenwereconsiderednon-persons.2.Intheearlytg00s,importantchangesoccurredinthesocialandpoliticalclimateinAmericaasaresultofWorldWarI.3.In1920afterWorldWart,Americanwomengainedtherighttovote.4.DuringWorldWarII,largenumbersofwomenenteredthejobmarkettodothejobsofthemenwhohadbeendraftedintomilitaryservice.5.Today,womenmakeup1.5%ofthe200,000professionalfirefightersintheU.S.,andtheymakeup4%ofairlinepilotsandnavigators.6.TheSmallBusinessAdministrationpredictsthatwomenwillownnearly40%(othersSayhalf)ofallsmallbusinessesintheU.S.bytheyear2000.7.From1980to1988,thenumberofbusinessmenandwomen-entrepreneurs-increased56%overall,butduringthatperiod,thenumberoffemaleentrepreneursgrew82%.8.In1969intheU.S.,only4%ofthestatelawmakerswerewomen.By1993,thisnumberhadgrownby500%,and20.4%ofstatelegislatorswerewomen.9.Today,only10%ofAmericanfamilieshavethetraditionalworkingfatherandthemotherwhostayshometotakecareofthechildren.10.Therateofwomensparticipationintheworkforcerosefrom27%in1940to44%in1985.B.Lynnefriends/child-free/respectfortheirchoice/notmyopinion/hadtohavechildren/dontknowwhyIrenedaughterthesame/eager/getmarried/havechildren/thinkingabout/8or9yearsold/observemeasamother/othermothersBarbaraYes,thatshowIwas.Tapescript.L-LynneI-IreneB-BarbaraL.Ihavemany,manyfriendswhohaveoptedforachild-freelife.Ihaveagreatdealofrespectfortheirchoice.Butthereinliesthekey.Itwastheirchoice.Infertilitywasnotmychoice.Isawomanlessofawomanwithoutchildren?Absolutelynotinmyopinion,butIhadtohavechildren.Idontknowwhy.Peoplehaveaskedus,yknow,Wellwhatwasthatjustmadeyousoobsessedandcompelledanddriven?Idontknow.Idont.IdontknowthatIlleverknow.AllIknowisIhadtohavechildren.I.Well,mydaughter,interestinglyenough,isthesameway.Shesveryeagerassoonasshefinisheslawschooltogetmarriedandhavechildren.Andwetalkedaboutthisandshesaid,Mom,youdontunderstand.IvebeenthinkingabouthavingchildrensinceIwaseightornineyearsold.C.1.ThedifferencebetweenmenandwomenwhentheysurftheInternetaccordingtothestudyconductedbyMediaMatricksandJupiterCommunications:Women:asatoolMen:tendtospendmoretimeplayingaround2.Thedifferentreasonswhywomenusetheweb:checkemail/chat/lookforinformation/resources/studyingsearchTapescript:Forthefirsttimeeverthenumberofwomenonthewebhassurpassedthenumberofmen,pushingthehugegrowthoffemalesbetweentheagesof12and17.Mareattractingteengirlsandsoaresitesfocusedonfashionandshopping.Anunscientificsurveyofteens,mostlygirlsattendingOaklandTechnicalHighSchoolinOakland,California,showsteensareusingtheWorldWideWebformanyreasons.F.MynameisFiandIm16.IcheckmyemailonthenetandIchatsometimes.ThatsallIdid.P:MynameisSoniaFayPhillips.Im17yearsold.MostlyIusetheInternetfor,uh,look(ing)upformycollegeinformationorcheckmyemailorchat.Iu