英语构词法之合成法与混成法.ppt

合成法compounding,Compounding,ConceptCharacteristicsFormation,Concept将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词法称为合成法。Compounding:aprocessbywhichacompoundlexemeisderivedfromtwoormoresimplerlexemes.,Characteristicstodistinguishacompoundfromafreephrase:SemanticFeatures(语义学标准):acompoundhasitownsemanticfeatures,ratherthanthemeaningcombinationofeachword.E.g.greenhousevs.greenhouseOrthographicFeatures（正字法标准）:Compoundsarewritteninvariousways.E.g.a.Solid(字间不留空的):bedroom,newspaper,horseback;b.Hyphenated(用连字符连接的):part-time,good-looking;c.Open(字间留空的):airforce,airraid,blacklist,blacksea,PhonologicalFeatures（音位学标准）:compoundshaveahighorunitystressinthefirstcomponent.E.g.GrammaticalFeatures（语法特征）:compoundshavetheirowngrammaticalfeatures.e.g.v.+n.breakwatern.;n+-edhomemadeadj.;adj+-ednewbornadj.扬声器loudspeakerratherthanlouderspeaker,Formation合成名词(Nouncompounds)合成动词(Verbcompounds)合成形容词(Adjectivecompounds)合成副词和合成代词(AdverbcompoundsandPronouncompounds),合成名词Nouncompounds,合成动词Verbcompounds,梦游滑水做白日梦沐日光浴,克服吃太多上传维护,刷白快速充电列入黑名单虐待,吹干甩干,合成形容词Adjectivecompounds,好心的中年的新生的,好看的随和的吃人的,全职的头等的冰冷的全新的,两小时的户外的上山的透明的,合成副词和合成代词AdverbcompoundsandPronouncompounds,空手地单枪匹马地向一边,然而任何地方往楼下,我自己他自己我们自己,某人任何人没事每个人,WordFormation:Blending,混成法,Blending,Themeaningofblending,MIX,blendsorportmanteauwords,混成法（Blending）定义,混成法：也叫混合法或拼缀法,是把两个词合在一起,其中至少有一个词失去部分音节或字母,新词的意义是它组成成分意义的融合或叠加。例如：newsbroadcastnewscast新闻广播televisionbroadcasttelecast电视播送smokeandfogsmog烟雾photoandgraphyphotography摄影，摄影术,Moreandmorepoliceandtrafficexpertsbelievethatautocideisanimportantcauseoftrafficdeath.Theblackwomansupportedherbigfamilytoliveintheslurbwherefarawayfromthecenter.slurb(美.市郊贫民区)=slum+suburbThechunnelbeneaththeEnglishChannel,putintoservicein1994,linkedEnglandandFrance.chunnel(水底隧道)=channel+tunnel,autocide(撞车自杀)=automobile+suicide,head,tail,head,tail,tail,head,Structure1,Thestructuresofblending,Structure1,automobile+suicide=autocideslum+suburb=slurbchannel+tunnel=chunnel狮虎兽：广告统计学:经济滞胀:雾霾:,head+tail,lion+tiger=,liger,advertising+statistics=,advertistics,stagnation+inflation=,stagflation,smoke+fog=,smog,Structure2,ThesitcomGrowingPainsisquitepopularinAmerica.Thesestationswouldholdaprivatekeythatletthemrecognizetaggedconnectionsfromtelexclients.Withthehelpofcomsat,GoogleMapcouldcapturedeverydetailsoftheenvironmenttoanextremedegree.,telex(电传)=teleprinter+exchanger,sitcom(情景喜剧)=situation+comedy,head,head,head,head,comsat(卫星通讯)=communication+satellite,head,head,situation+comedy=sitcomteleprinter+exchange=telexcommunication+satellite=comsat,Structure2,head+head,Structure3,医疗救助,head+word,medicaid,=medical+aid,汽车野营,autocamp,=automobile+camp,欧亚,Eurasia,=Europe+Asia,Structure4,劳动福利,流动书店,bookmobile,word+tail,=talk+marathon,workfare,=work+welfare,=book+automobile,冗长的谈话,talkathon,Conclusion,Blendingisaveryproductiveprocessandmanycoinagesresultingfromblendinghavebecomewell-established.Moreover,theyevenserveasmodelsfornewformations(hamburgerbeefburger,cheeseburger,etc.).Theoverwhelmingmajorityofblendsarenouns;veryfewareverbsandadjectivesareevenfewer.Thefewverbsare:telecast(fromtelevision+broadcast),guestimate(fromgues