克服翻译症文体与翻译文化与翻译

新编英汉翻译教程2009级英语专业本科1班,翻译技巧,翻译的常用技巧（4）抽象与具体,练习：运用具体抽象相互转换的方法翻译下列句子。1.Hehasmanyhotpotatoestohandleeveryday.2.Weshouldneverwarmsnakesinourbosoms.3.Thepenismightierthanthesword.4.Theyhavetheirsmilesandtears.5.Itsregrettablethatourappealremainsadeadletter.6.Istheemigrationofintelligencetobecomeanissueasabsorbingastheimmigrationofstrongmuscle?7.AnidiotmighthaveguessedIwasoverheadandearsinlove.,2.Weshouldneverwarmsnakesinourbosoms.我们决不能姑息养奸/养虎贻患/不能忘了农夫和蛇的故事3.Thepenismightierthanthesword.文字的力量胜于武力5.Itsregrettablethatourappealremainsadeadletter.遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没得到响应。6.Istheemigrationofintelligencetobecomeanissueasabsorbingastheimmigrationofstrongmuscle?人才外流是不是和劳工输入同样成为一个有趣的问题呢？7.AnidiotmighthaveguessedIwasoverheadandearsinlove.即使白痴也能看出，我已经沉溺在爱河里了。,8.IllbreakmynecktogetthisdonebyFriday,butIcantpromiseforsure.9.Thematterwasfinallysettledunderthetable.10.SinceIonlygotthenewsatsecondhand,Itookitwithagrainofsalt.11.Bythismeansshecastinabonebetweenthewifeandthehusband.12.Hisarrogancesenthimintoisolationandhelplessness.,8.IllbreakmynecktogetthisdonebyFriday,butIcantpromiseforsure.我要尽最大的努力在星期五以前完成此事，但我不能说定。9.Thematterwasfinallysettledunderthetable.这件事最终私下解决了10.SinceIonlygotthenewsatsecondhand,Itookitwithagrainofsalt.这个消息我只是间接听来的，所以并不完全相信（所以只是半信半疑）。,11.Bythismeansshecastinabonebetweenthewifeandthehusband.她用这种手段离间这对夫妻12.Hisarrogancesenthimintoisolationandhelplessness.他的傲慢态度使他陷入孤立无援的境地。,翻译技巧,翻译的常用技巧（五）分句与合句,1.Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofallsizesandcolors.2.CanyouansweraquestionwhichIwanttoaskandwhichispuzzlingme?3.Sheisverybusyathome.Shehastotakecareofthechildrenandtodothekitchenwork.4.Ifwedoathing,weshoulddoitwell.5.Thetimewas10:30,andtrafficonthestreetwaslight.6.WhenyouapplyforgraduatedegreecoursesinOxford,youshouldcontactUniversityofoxforddirectly.,练习,1.Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofallsizesandcolors.门口放着一堆雨伞，少说有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。2.CanyouansweraquestionwhichIwanttoaskandwhichispuzzlingme?我有一个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？3.Sheisverybusyathome.Shehastotakecareofthechildrenandtodothekitchenwork.她在家很忙，又要看好孩子，有要下厨。（合）,练习,4.Ifwedoathing,weshoulddoitwell.我们要干就干好。（合）5.Thetimewas10:30,andtrafficonthestreetwaslight.10点30分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。（合）6.WhenyouapplyforgraduatedegreecoursesinOxford,youshouldcontactUniversityofoxforddirectly.申请牛津大学的研究生学位课程需要直接与学校联系。（合）,8.Americanshaveagreatrangeofcustomsandhabitsthatatfirstmayseempuzzlingtoavisitor.9.Parentslovetheirchildrenandtheloveisperfect.,8.Americanshaveagreatrangeofcustomsandhabitsthatatfirstmayseempuzzlingtoavisitor.美国人有很多风俗习惯在陌生人看来里令人费解的。（合）9.Parentslovetheirchildrenandtheloveisperfect.父母对子女的爱是无微不至的。（合）,Chapter7:Translationese,1.Conceptoftranslationese.2.Symptomsoftranslationese.3.Howtoconquerthetranslationese.,Conceptoftranslationese,Translationese:,agenerallypejorativepi:drtiv贬义的termusedtorefertoTLusagewhichbecauseofitsobviousrelianceonfeaturesofSLisperceivedasunnatural,impenetrable费解的orevencomical.TranslationeseistypicallycausedbyanexcessivelyLITERALapproachtothetranslationprocessoranimperfectknowledgeofTL.,翻译腔又称翻译体，是指把原语的语言形式、表达方式、句法结构机械地移植到移入语中，因而形成一种不符合译入语表达习惯的语言混合体。其主要特征是只顾在形式上逐词逐句地紧随原文，忽略译入语语言结构的特点和习惯表达方式，译文生硬牵强，可读性差。,Examples1（P75）,2）Thereisthebell,someoneisatthedoor.A:那里有个铃：有人在门口。B:铃响了，有人在叫门。3）Itisnowthoughtthatthemoreworkwegiveourbrain,themoreworktheyareabletodo.A:现在人们认为，我们让脑子工作的越多，他就能干更多的工作。B:现在人们认为，脑子越用越灵。,Example2(p75),2.Symptomsoftranalationese,2.翻译症的病因,1.1照搬词典的释义1.2照搬原文的功能词1.3照搬原文的表达方式,照搬英汉词典是释义,1.Itwasanoldandraggedmoon.原译:那是一个又老又破的月亮oldmoon,n.themooninitslastquarter,beforethenewmoon下弦月改译:这是一弯残月。,照搬原文的功能词,当当作响（when）的的不休（定语）和和不停（and）它它不绝（pronoun）被被层叠（passivevoice）,Helenwasrelievedwhenshewentbackhomeandsawthediamondstilllockedinthesafe原译：当海伦回到家和看到那颗钻石仍然锁在保险柜的时候，她放了心。改译：海伦回到家里，看见那颗钻石仍然缩在保险柜里，就放心了.,Bigpowershavetheirstrategieswhilesmallcountriesalsohavetheirownlines.原译：大国有他们的战略，而小国也有他们的路线。改译：大国有大国的战略，小国也有小国的路线。,Wetookoffandflewoverthecityandslowlygainedheight.原译:我们起飞了并且飞过城市并且慢慢飞高。改译:我们起飞了,飞过城市,慢慢飞高。,LastnightIheardhimdrivinghispigstomarket.原译:昨天晚上我听到他把猪赶到市场上去了。driveonespigstomarket打鼾改译:昨天晚上我听到他鼾声如雷。,机械照搬原文的表达方式,goosefleshhorsesensebusybodybrownstudygoldenopinions,gooseflesh鸡皮疙瘩(非“鹅肉”)horsesense常识(非“马的意识”)busybody爱管闲事的人(非“大忙人”);brownstudy沉思冥想(非“褐色的书房”)goldenopinions高度的评价，无上的美誉(非“金色的观点”),翻译症的克服方法p80-81,Chapter8文体与翻译,1.刘宓庆文体与翻译2.P82-98,Theoryandpracticeofformulafertilizationandprecisionfertilization危常州教授石河子大学农学院Prof.WeiChangzhouAgriculturalcollege,SheheziUniversity,植物的矿质营养学说theoryofmineralplantnutrition,配方施肥的一般原理generalprinciplesofformulafertilization,最小养分律LawoftheMinimum报酬递减律lawofdiminishingreturns因子综合作用律multifactorfunctioning,作物矿质营养学说theoryofmineralplantnutrition,由德国著名土壤学家李比希提出。In1840JustusVonLiebig,aGermanysoilscientist,advancedthetheoryofmineralplantnutrition.,最小养分律LiebigsLawoftheMinimum(nutrient),由李比希提出。最小养分：相对于作物生长的需要量而言，土壤中供应能力最差的那种元素称为最小养分。即使土壤中其它养分非常充分或施用非最小养分的肥料，作物的产量仍然难以提高，只有补充最小养分才能提高产量，这个规律称为最小养分律。,Chapter9:翻译中的文化意识,TranslationandCulture,在文化日益受到关注的今天，翻译活动作为文化交际活动的一种，也深受影响。上世纪90年代初翻译研究领域出现的文化转向，将文化与翻译越来越紧密地联系到了一起。Asapartofculturalexchange,translationactivitiesattractmoreattentionthanbeforeintodaysglobalization.The“culturalturn”intranslationstudiesstartedfromtheearly1990shasboundCultureandTranslationeventighterthanbefore.ConstructingCultures:EssaysonLiteraryTranslation-SusanBassnett苏珊巴斯耐特,90年代初,SusanBassnett(born1945)servedaspro-vice-chancellor(副校长)attheUniversityofWarwickfortenyearsandtaughtinitsCentreforTranslationandComparativeCulturalStudies,whichclosedin2009.,例证：“阿Q这回可遭了瘟”“AhQhadmethisWaterloo.”此译在中国广受批评。“文化传真”备受推崇。,狭义的文化翻译，指“原文中特有文化内容/因素的翻译”。thedefinitionofculturaltranslationinanarrowsensereferstothetranslationofthespecificculturalelementsexistingintheoriginaltext.蔡平,2005,文化翻译策略发展的总体趋势，那就是从归化向异化的发展，从趋同向独立的发展。thegeneraltrendinthedevelopmentofculturaltranslationstrategies:fromdomesticatingtranslationtoforeignizingtranslation.TheTranslatorsInvisibility:AHistoryofTranslation,LawrenceVenuti,1995,春节前，人们打扫屋子、在大门上贴大红对联、放鞭炮。据传说，这样做是为了驱赶一个叫“年”的魔鬼。除夕之夜，一大家子定会在一起会餐，最受欢迎的主食是饺子，人们认为它能带来好运吉祥。,春节前，人们打扫屋子、在大门上贴大红对联、放鞭炮。据传说，这样做是为了驱赶一个叫“年”的魔鬼。BeforetheSpringFestival,peoplecleantheirhouses,putredcoupletsontheirgates,andsetofffirecrackers,accordingtofairytales,fordrivingademonnamedNianaway.除夕之夜，一大家子定会在一起会餐，最受欢迎的主食是饺子，人们认为它能带来好运吉祥。OntheeveoftheSpringFestival,aget-togetherbanquetisamust,andthemostpopularfoodisJiaozi,whichissupposedtobringgoodfortune.,文化传真并非万能,例：美帝国主义的侵略意图是司马昭之心路人皆知。1TheaggressiveintentionsoftheAmericanimperialistsarenonebutSi-Ma-Zhaosheartwhichisknowntoeverypedestrian.2TheaggressiveintentionsoftheAmericanimperialistsarenonebutanopensecret.3TheaggressiveintentionsoftheAmericanimperialistsareasplainasthenoseonface.,“文化特有项”“令外国读者不知所云的”，“如果认为出典十分重要，不可取而代之，那只能加注解释一番”，但如果两者之间没有直接的联系，只是借用，则加注“反而分散读者的注意力，消弱译文的效果。,打起黄莺儿，莫叫枝上啼。啼时惊妾梦，不得到辽西。-金昌绪春怨1WhenshedreamedthatshewenttoLiao-hsiTojoinhimthere,theyawakenedher.-Bynner2TheirwarblingbrokethedreamwhereinMyloversmiledtome.-Fletcher3FromdreamingofmydearFaroffonthefrontier.-许渊冲,TranslationandCulture,Warble，verb(ofabird)singsoftlyandwithasuccessionofconstantlychangingnotes,TranslationandCulture,John,Anderson,myjoy,John,Whenwewerefirstacquent,Yourlockswereliketheraven,Yourbonniebrowwasbrent.-爱尔兰彭斯你的头发是黑得像乌鸦-梁遇春美感上似有欠缺理“你的头发乌黑”-王佐良,TranslationandCulture,忠实并非全部照搬，省略未必造成损失沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌“havefeaturesthatcanmakefishsinkandbirdsalight,andlooksthatcanoutshinethemoonandputtheflowerstoshame”-汉英词典1.意象重叠2.“鱼”和“雁”无法让译文读者与女子的美貌联系到一起3.将其略去，无损原意,Translation