八年级语法总结.doc

八年级英语（下）语法知识总结一、 “系动词+形容词” 系表结构1. 表示状态的系动词：be( is, am, are, was, were)，look(看起来), sound（听起来）, taste( 尝起来)，smell(闻起来)，fell(感觉，摸起来), seem(似乎)，keep(保持), Stay（保持）。I am fine. 我很好。 You look excited. 你看起来很兴奋。Who cooked the chicken? It _ so nice.- My mom.A. looks B. fees C. tastes D. sounds注：seem 好像 似乎， 其用法为：Seem+ 形容词 如：You seem happy.Seem + to do sth. 如：They seem to know everything.Seem + that 宾语从句 如：It seems that they know everything.2. 表示转变或结果的系动词：get, turn, go(变), become, grow.如: The weather is getting warm. 天气正变暖。 The food goes bad. You cant eat it. 这食物变坏了，你不能吃.二、 由because引导的原因状语从句Because 意为因为，由于。 Because 引导的句子通常用来回答why引导的问句或用来引导原因状语从句。如：Because it was wet, he took a taxi.Why aret you going with us? - Because I have a bad cold.练习题：He didnt go to school_ he had a headache.A. so B. because C. but D. that He cried because his dog died.( 对划线部分提问)_ _ he cry?三、 由asas, not as/ soas构成的同级比较1.“A+动词+as+形容词/ 副词原级+ B “ 意为A和B一样She is as active as her friends. 她和她的朋友一样活跃。He jumps as high as Jim. 他和吉姆跳得一样高。2. A+ 动词+not as/ so + 形容词/ 副词原级+ as+ B “A不如B.”= A+ 动词+形容词/ 副词比较级+than + B “ A比B”Jack doesnt run as fast as Jack.=Tom runs faster than Jack.练习题：Maria is braver than Helen.( 同意句转换) Maria _ _ _ _ Helen.四、 使役动词make, let 的用法。Make+ 宾语+ 形容词/ 名词/ 动词原形The game made them excited.The students make him monitor.Sad movies always makes Jane cry.练习题: He made us _.A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing Let sb.(not) do sth. My mother lets me play computer games.My mother doesnt let me play computer games.五、 动词不定式He decided to live in France. decide (not) to do sth. 不定式做宾语Your task is to find out the cost by train. 不定式作表语It is hard to answer your question. 不定式作主语= To answer your question is hard.He ran so fast to catch the first bus. 不定式作目的状语不定式短语Invite sb to do sth tell sb(not) to do sth ask sb (not) to do sthAdvise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 the best way to do sth 等练习题：Shopping with me?-Id love to. _I have a lot of clothes_.A. and; to wash B. and; washing C. but; to wash D. but; washing_ ( save) people is not only my duty but also my task.六、 由after, before, when, notuntil, till, while, as, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。一般情况下，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主句是过去时态，从句也要用相应的过去时态。While 引导的时间状语从句，用于进行时如: The accident happened while we were having dinner.It began to rain when he got home.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.I will ring you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.练习题：It was raining_ I arrived at the station.A. as B. while C. when D. as soon as You arrive in New York. You must call me.( 用as soon as 合成一句)_七、 表示方位的介词 in , on, toin表示在某范围之内Shanghai lies in the east of China. ( 上海属于中国范围) on表示两地接壤Heilongjiang is on the north of Jilin .( 黑龙江与吉林省相接壤)to表示在范围之外，两地不接壤Japan is to the east of China.Fujian is _the southeast of China, and Taiwan is _the southeast of Fujian. A. in; to B. to; in C. to; to D. in; on 八、 if 引导的条件状语从句if 意为“如果，要是，假如”，由if 引导的条件状语从句，若主句是将来时，祈使句或含有情态动词时，从句常用一般现在时。如：If you are ill, you must go to see the doctor.Ill go to see a film if I have time. Please ring me up if you want to go with me.Ask for help. You are in trouble.( 用if 合成一句)_.九、 宾语从句1. that 引导的宾语从句 其主句的谓语动词主要是 think, hope, know, say, see, tell, believe, wish, hear, feel 或be afraid, be sure, be glad, be worried, be angry, be happy.如：I know (that) she is a teacher.I am sure (that) you are right.I didnt think (that) was wrong yesterday.2. if/ whether 引导的宾语从句 意为“是否，是不是”， 宾语从句用陈述语序，if / whether 可以互换，但不可以省略。当句子中含有or not 时，只能用whether.如：I dont know whether / if he will be late.I dont know whether or not it rains.练习题：Could you tell me _ he will come or not? A. if B. that C. whether D. / 3. 主句谓语动词为一般过去时态的宾语从句若主句是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态就要变成相应的过去时态，即：一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，一般将来是变为过去将来时。如：Jim said that it was very cold in Moscow.Mary told me (that) she was working hard on her Chinese.He asked when they would visit the farm.练习：I heard that you _ ( have) a cold.Kangkang said the movie _ ( be ) wonderful .4. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 疑问词包括疑问代词（what, which, who, whose, whom）和疑问副词（ when, how, where, why）如：Can you tell me where they are?I dont know who will come to the English Corner.I want to know what they are talking about.练习：When will the bus leave? Do you know? ( 合并为一句) _十、副词的比较级和最高级两者之间进行比较 用比较级副词比较级的句型：A+动词+ 副词比较级+ than+ B “A比B更”如：The train runs faster than the bus dose.(2) like A better than B “比起B更喜欢AShe likes dancing better than singing.(3)“ 比较级and 比较级” 意为 越来越He studies harder and harder.She works more and more carefully.(4) the+比较级，the + 比较级 意为 越, 就越.The harder you work, the more you get. 越努力，收获就越多。（5）用much, far, even, a lot, bit 等词来修饰副词比较级时，表示程度，放在比较级之前。如：He did even worse than before.Jane goes to school at 7:oo. Tom goes to school at 7:30. (作比较)_The more people I help, the _ (happy) I will become.三者或三者以上进行比较用最高级2. 副词最高级的句型:A+动词+（the）副词最高级+of / in / amongLi Lei came to school (the) latest in his class.(2) 用比较级表达最高级含义：比较级+than+( any other+单数名词/ all the other+ 复数名词/ anyone else / any of the other+复数名词)如：Bob runs faster than anyone else in our school. = Bob runs fastest in our school.练习题：Li Jun jumps highest in our class.(同义句) Li Jun jumps _ _ any other student in our class.十一、sothat., so that suchthat 引导的结果状语从句（1）比较 sothat., such that 意为 如此以至于如：He ran so quickly that we couldnt catch up with him.So+形容词+ a / an + 名词+ that = such + a / an + 形容词+名词+ that 如：He is so clever a boy that everyone likes him. = He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.(2) 当形容词后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词时，只能用such.如：They are such lovely children that we all like them.(3) 当名词前有many, few, much, little 等修饰时，一般用so.如：There were so many nice books in the bookstore that I didnt know which one to choose.练习：It was _a lovely day _ we decided to go for a picnic.A. so; that B. too, to C. in order; that D. such; thatThere are _few words in the article that everyone in our class can understand it. A. a B. so C. such D. every (4) so that 的用法 它既可以引导结果状语从句，表示 以至于，so that 之前有逗号，句中的that 可以省略。如：These buildings were over 50 years old, so (that) they were not strong enough.也可以引导目的状语从句 意为 目的是，以便，如： My father bought me a bike so that I can get to school quickly.So that 引导目的状语从句时，从句中的谓语常和情态动词can / could/, may/ might, shall/ should, will/ would 连用，多放在主句之后。练习：Why do you sit in front of the classroom?- I sit here _ I can se