2019版高考英语大一轮复习语法突破篇12构词法课件.pptx

第十二讲构词法,01,02,05,针对训练,03,04,转化法,英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。,一、转化法,一、转化法,动词转化为名词,1,(1)很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化。Letsgooutforawalk.我们到外面去散散步吧。(2)有时意思有一定变化。Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一个体格健壮的人。(3)有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作。Letshaveaswim.咱们游泳吧。,一、转化法,名词转化为动词,2,Didyoubookaseatontheplane?你订好飞机座位了吗？Pleasehandmethebook.请把那本书递给我。Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。,一、转化法,形容词转化为动词,3,Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。,一、转化法,形容词转化为名词,4,(1)表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词。Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。(2)某些形容词如old，young，poor，rich，wounded，injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数。Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。,派生法,二、派生法,在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，很少引起词义的变化。,二、派生法,前缀,(1)表示否定意义的前缀常见的有dis，un-，im-，in-，il，ir，mis，non等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失correct正确的incorrect不正确的lead带领mislead误导stop停下nonstop直达的,1,二、派生法,前缀,(2)表示其他意义的前缀常见的有a-(多构成表语形容词)，anti-(反对；抵抗)，auto-(自动)，co(共同)，en-(使)，inter(互相)，re-(再；又)，sub(下面的；次；小)，tele(强调距离)等。alone单独的antigas防毒气的cooperate合作enlarge扩大Internet互联网reuse再用subway地铁telephone电话,1,二、派生法,后缀,(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有ence，(e)r/or(从事某事的人)，-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ful(一)，-ian(精通的人)，-ist(专业人员)，ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如：differ不同于difference区别write写writer作家Japan日本Japanese日本人act表演actress女演员mouth口mouthful一口music音乐musician音乐家,2,二、派生法,后缀,(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有en(多用于形容词之后)，fy(使化)，ize(使成为)。例如：widewiden加宽beautybeautify美化purepurify提纯realrealize意识到organorganize组织,2,二、派生法,后缀,(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有al，-able(有能力的)，-an(某国人的)，en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，ern(方向的)，ese(某国人的)，ful，-(ic)al，ish，ive，less(表示否定)，-like(像的)，ly，ous，some，y等。nature自然natural自然的reason道理reasonable有道理的America美国American美国的China中国Chinese中国人的gold金子golden金的east东eastern东方的child孩子childish孩子气的snow雪snowy有雪的,2,二、派生法,后缀,(4)构成副词的常用后缀有ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。angry生气的angrily生气地to到towards朝，向east东方eastward向东,2,二、派生法,后缀,(5)构成数词的后缀有teen(十几)，ty(几十)，th(构成序数词)。six六sixteen十六sixteenth第十六four四forty四十fortieth第四十,2,合成法,三、合成法,合成名词,1,三、合成法,合成名词,1,三、合成法,合成形容词,2,三、合成法,合成形容词,2,三、合成法,合成形容词,2,三、合成法,合成动词,3,三、合成法,合成副词,4,其他法,三、其他法,截短法,1,截短法又称缩略法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1截头telephonephoneaeroplaneplane2去尾mathematicsmathexaminationexamkilogramkilolaboratorylab3截头去尾influenzaflurefrigeratorfridge,三、其他法,混合法,2,混合法又叫混成法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。newsbroadcastnewscast新闻广播smokeandfogsmog烟雾,三、其他法,首字母缩略法,3,首字母缩略法，即用两个或两个以上的单词的首字母组成一个新词。veryimportantpersonVIP要人；大人物televisionTV电视TestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguageTOEFL托福,.单句语法填空,1Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks_(regular)(2016全国卷)2Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir_(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.(2015全国卷)3Theriverwassopollutedthatit_(actual)caughtfireandburned.(2014全国卷)4Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand_(disappoint)(2014全国卷)5_(obvious)，thestoryisnottrue，butthefestivalisinteresting.,regularly,ability,actually,disappointed,Obviously,.单句语法填空,6WhenBobwasstillyoung，hisparents_(marry)endedindivorce.7Notknowinghowtooperatethecomputerisoneofthe_(advantage)infindingjobs.8_(thank)，Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.9Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit_(intend)10TheGreatWallismorethan6,000liin_(long),marriage,disadvantages,Thankfully,intentionally,length,.单句语法填空,11Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir_(free)bravely.12Whatyousaidsounded_(reason)butinfactitwasuntrue.13Wehavetolearn_(advance)technologyfromothercountries.14Youdbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep_(health)15Without_(hesitate)，Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.,freedom,reasonable,advanced,healthy,hesitation,.单句语法填空,16MyEnglishimprovedalot；moreimportantly，Igainedmuch_(confident)17Doyouwanttogettotheclassroomearliertomakesome_(prepare)?18Severaldayslater，outofmy_(expect)，IsawitquietlystandinacornerofthehousewhereIworked.Iwasextremelygladtoregainit.19Notonlytheteachersbutalsothestudentsfindthewebsite_(benefit)20Itsnowed_(heavy)lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.,confidence,preparations,expectation,beneficial,heavily,.单句改错,1Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday，Itookdrivinglessons.(2017全国卷)2Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.3Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.4Thefruitsaresmallinsize，butjuicyandtaste.5Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost！,eighteenth,serious,helpful,tasty,wonderful,.单句改错,6Itisagoodwayforustomemorizenewwordsbyseeingthemrepeated.7Herdisappointinglookshowedthatshefailedtheexamagain.8Thechildlookedsadathisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.9ImustbegettingfatIcanharddomytrousersup.10Thefive-yearsoldboycansingthesongverywell.,repeatedly,disappointed,sadly,hardly,five-year-old,.翻译句子,1这个士兵因为救那个男孩而牺牲，他的死重于泰山。2令大家满意的是，这个女孩工作完成得很好。3在我去上海之前，她帮我提前预定了一个房间。4拉塞尔威斯布鲁克(RussellWestbrook)当选为20162017赛季最有价值球员。,Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohisdeathisheavierthanMountTai.,Toeveryonessatisfaction，thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.,ShebookedaroomformeinadvancebeforeIwenttoShanghai.,RussellWestbrookwaselectedtobeMVPinthe20162017season.,.翻译句子,5这次会议被认为很成功，但结果失败了。6我对他的第一印象是他是一个友好而又考虑周到的年轻人。,Themeetingsupposedtobesuccessfulturnedouttobeafailureintheend.,Myfirstimpressionofhimwasthathewasafriendlyandthoughtfulyoungman.,.语法填空,EventhoughhisnameisoftenconnectedwithCubism(立体派)，Picassodidinfactproduceawide1._(vary)ofworksthroughouthislonglife.Acknowledgedasbeingthemostgiftedpainterof2._twentiethcentury，healsodisplayedatalentforsculptureandpoetry.FewpaintershavebeenasproductiveasPicasso，3._producedover13，000paintingsanddrawingsinhislifetime!,variety,the,who,.语法填空,Inspiteofthisenormousoutput，Picassowasabletoavoid4._(repeat)hisoldworkbychanginghisstyle.Itseemsthateachchangerepresentedthings5._whichhewasbeinginfluencedatthatparticulartime.Thesadcharacteroftheartistspaintingsduringhis“BluePeriod”reflectedpeoples6._(suffer)hesawonthestreetsofParis.Whenhebegantopaintcircusscenes，heused7._(main)pinktones.Thiswasknownashis“RosePeriod”NextcameCubism.Thiswasa(n)8._(usual)styleofpaintingwhichPicassodevelopedwithBraque，afellowartist.Inthebeginning，thepaintingshadlittleornocolour；onlylater9._