2018-2019学年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 Cloning讲义 新人教版选修8.doc

Unit 2 Cloning一、刷黑板.阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写1twin n 双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj. 成对的；成双的2straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的3carrier n. 携带者；搬运工；运输工具4arbitrary adj. 任意的5fate n. 命运；天命 第二屏听写6medium n(pl.media)媒介；手段；工具7the media 大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等)8conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的9constitution n. 宪法；章程10pulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的11opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院 第三屏听写12chorus n合唱；合唱队13loaf n. 一条(面包)14flour n. 面粉15claw n. 爪；脚爪16turkey n. 火鸡17feather n. 羽毛 .高频词汇(汉译英)第四屏听写1differ vi.不同；相异2exact adj. 精确的；准确的3identical adj. 同一的；一模一样的4mercial_ adj. 商业的；贸易的5plicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的6undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担7breakthrough n. 突破 第五屏听写8procedure n 程序；步骤；手续9cast vt. 扔；投；掷10altogether adv. 总共；完全地11correction n. 改正；纠正；修正12object vi. 反对；不赞成13objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议14obtain vt. 获得；赢得 第六屏听写15attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)16forbid vt. 禁止；不准17accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积18owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于19shortly adv. 立刻；不久20retire vi. 退休；离开 第七屏听写21bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰22assumption n. 假定；设想23regulation n. 规则；规章；法规24popularity n. 受人喜爱；流行25strike_ vt.&vi. 打；撞击；罢工n. 罢工 第八屏听写26adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱27hatch vt.&vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化28reasonable adj. 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的29resist vt. 抵抗；对抗30drawback n. 缺点；不利条件31merely adv. 仅；只；不过32decoration n. 装饰 第九屏听写33unable adj.不能的；不会的34initial adj. 最初的；开始的35impact n. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响36moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的37vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的38in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机39(be)_bound_to_(do). 一定或注定(做) 第十屏听写40strike_._into_ones_heart使刻骨铭心41from_time_to_time_ 不时；偶尔42bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活43in_favour_of 赞成；支持44in_good/poor_condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)45cast_down 使失望；使沮丧46pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清二、刷清单(一)核心单词阅读单词1.twin n. 双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj. 成对的；成双的2straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的3arbitrary adj. 任意的4medium n. 媒介；手段；工具5.fate n 命运；天命6conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的7constitution n. 宪法；章程8pulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的9.opera n 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院10chorus n. 合唱；合唱队11loaf n. 一条(面包)12flour n. 面粉13claw n. 爪；脚爪14feather n. 羽毛15turkey n. 火鸡表达单词1._exact adj.精确的；准确的2cast vt. 扔；投；掷3obtain vt. 获得；赢得4attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)5forbid vt. 禁止；不准6shortly adv. 立刻；不久7strike v. 打；撞击；罢工n. 罢工8undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担9breakthrough n. 突破10altogether adv. 总共；完全地11vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的12owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于13._initial adj. 最初的；开始的14bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰15drawback n. 缺点；不利条件16merely adv. 仅；只；不过17unable adj. 不能的；不会的18adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱19hatch v. 孵出；孵卵；孵化20moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的语境活用1With medical breakthrough (突破), people are living a healthier and longer life.2As is well known to all, there are altogether (总共) seven continents in the world. 3Nowadays, energy can be obtained/attained (获得) through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.4We are supposed to undertake (承担) the responsibility to lead a lowcarbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.5Our school is a nonsmoking school.So smoking is forbidden (禁止) here.6So I have no choice but to bother_(打扰) you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.7But just as a coin has two sides, Internet has its own drawbacks_(缺点) which should not be neglected. 8I regret to inform you that we are unable (不能的) to offer you employment.9I adore (崇拜) my English teacher because he can always create an atmosphere where all the students feel respected and cared for.10The wellknown scientist always says that he owes (归功于) all his success to the support of his family.拓展单词1.differ vi.不同；相异different adj.不同的difference n差异；不同2identical adj.同一的；一模一样的identity n身份；同一性；一致3mercial adj.商业的；贸易的merce n商业；贸易4plicated adj.复杂的；难懂的plicate vt.使复杂化plication n复杂5correction n改正；纠正；修正correct adj.正确的 v改正6object vi.反对；不赞成objection n不赞成；反对；异议7accumulate v积累；聚积accumulation n积累；增加8retire vi.退休；离开retirement n退休；引退9assumption n假定；设想assume vt.假定；设想10regulation n规则；规章；法规regulate vt.调节；管理11popularity n受人喜爱；流行popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的12resist vt.抵抗；对抗resistance n抵抗；对抗resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的13decoration n装饰；装修decorate v装饰；装修14reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的reason n原因；道理语境活用1From the appearance, we cannot tell the difference between the twins, though they always have some different ideas.(differ)2Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it. (object)3When you set up your passwords on the Internet, youd better plicate them, because the more plicated your passwords are, the safer your Internet bees. (plication)4The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge but it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities. (accumulate)5Dont assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more. (assume)6Nowadays few people can resist the temptation of smartphones, for so many interesting things in them make anyone trying to be resistant to them finally give up their resistance.(resist)7He retired from the post as a manager. After his retirement,_he settled down in a remote village. (retire)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.object_to反对2pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清3in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机4in_favour_of 赞成；支持5from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔6bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活7cast_down 使失望；使沮丧8(be)_bound_to_(do)_. 一定或注定(做)9strike_.into_ones_heart 使刻骨铭心10in_good/poor_condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)1.His hard work paid_off when he won the prize.2The people who objected_to cloning human beings went on strike and held up the traffic.3Everyone in the class voted in_favour_of the dancing party.4I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in_vain.5A dishonest person_is_bound_to meet with setbacks sooner or later.6In making scientific experiments, we should not be cast_down by temporary setbacks.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had bee seriously ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。then 位于句首时句子用全部倒装。接着传来了屠呦呦，一位中国女科学家，获得诺贝尔奖的令人兴奋的消息。Then_came_the_exciting_news_that Tu Youyou, a Chinese woman scientist, won the Nobel Prize.2.What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage?你认为这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么？do you think作插入语。这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣？Which_part_of_this_book_do_you_think is the most interesting？3.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die .其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉that引导的表语从句。骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。The advantage of cycling to work is_that_we_can_live_a_lowcarbon_life.一、过重点单词1object vi.反对；不赞成经典例句Unless our manager objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.我们愿意接受汤姆为俱乐部的成员，除非经理反对他加入本俱乐部。(1)object to反对；不赞成(to是介词)(2)objection n. 反对；异议；不赞成objective adj. 客观的；真实的；宾语的题点全练单句语法填空A majority of students objected to being_arranged (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays and weekends.The villagers raised an objection_(object) to building a chemical plant beside the river.You should stop blaming yourself and be more objective (object) about your ability, which I feel is a sure way to promote your confidence.2forbid vt.(forbade, forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准教材原句Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 有些政府开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究。forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth.forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事题点全练单句语法填空It is high time we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas!I think the middle school students should be forbidden_to_use (use) smartphones at school.So I think it necessary to forbid shops and supermarkets from offering free plastic shopping bags.名师指津forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb. to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise等。3owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；应感谢教材原句You owe the lady an apology.你应该向这位女士道歉。owe sth. to sb.把某事归功于某人owe it to sb. that . 把归功于某人owing to 因为；由于多角练透单句语法填空My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks.Owing (owe) to his optimism and perseverance, he was admitted into Beijing University.补全句子I owe_it_to_you_that I have made great progress in my English. 我在英语上取得了很大进步，这要归功于你。4bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n烦扰教材原句However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.然而，之后它患上了严重肺病的问题困扰着科学家们。bother to do sth.操心/费心做某事bother doing sth. 费心做某事bother sb. with sth. 为某事打扰某人bother sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事多角练透单句语法填空He is always bothering me to_lend (lend) him money.Dont bother to_look/looking_(look) for my umbrella, and it will turn up some day.单句改错Im sorry I have bothered you to so many questions.towith5strike v(struck, struck)打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时 n罢工教材原句The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.在侏罗纪公园这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎，证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。be struck by 被打动/迷住了it strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that . 某人突然想起strike . into ones heart 使刻骨铭心题点全练单句语法填空It_struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.Struck (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one Id strike into my heart forever.单句语法填空1He has a strong objection to smoking (smoke) in public places, especially with females present. 2Why bother going/to_go (go) abroad to study, when there are so many good universities at home?3Our strength is from many sources, but most of all, we owe our success to the creativity of our people.4When climbing Mount Huang, all the tourists were_struck (strike) by its beauty.5The students were_forbidden (forbid), unless they had special passes, to leave the base.6Do you know any differences (differ) between British English and American English?7The new clothes in the shop are so beautiful that Anna cant resist taking (take) a closer look at them.8The organization could undertake to_direct (direct) the distribution of aid.9Our parents send us to school so as to enable us to_obtain (obtain) knowledge and achieve great things in the future.10We had our furniture moved to the new house when the decoration (decorate) of the house was finished.单句改错1It struck to me that we ought to make a new plan.去掉第一个to或struckoccurred2No one knows exact how the earth began as it happened so long ago.exactexactly3Sometimes, some students object the idea that English classes are taught in English.object后加to4Owe to the recent bad weather, the project is several weeks behind schedule.OweOwing5There is some doubt whether the young man can undertake of such an important task.去掉of6By the end of last week, we had learnt 3,000 English words for altogether.去掉for7He travelled all over the nation after he retired at work.atfrom8Only if the students accumulate up a great deal of vocabulary can they grasp English.去掉up.根据提示词补全(或翻译)句子1他们反对坐公共汽车去那儿，因为它会花费很长时间。(object)They objected_to_going_there_by_bus because it would take a long time.2学校校长禁止在办公时间吸烟，并且所有的老师和学生都被禁止在学校吸烟。(forbid)The school headmaster forbids_smoking_during office hours. And all of the teachers and students are_forbidden_to_smoke at school.3.最让他沮丧的是没人费心告诉他更改了的时间表。(bother)What upset him most was that nobody had_bothered_to_tell_him about the changed timetable. 4我突然想起家中没有人。(strike)It_struck_me_that_there_was_no_one_at_home.5他把他的成功归功于他的努力和耐心。(owe)He_owes_his_success_to_his_hard_work_and_patience.二、过短语、句式1pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清教材原句But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough the cloning of Dolly the sheep.但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果克隆羊“多莉”。pay for付钱；为付出代价pay a visit to 参观；拜访pay attention to 注意；留心多角练透单句语法填空Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that we may meet again？(2017天津高考书面表达)Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether acmodation is included.单句改错As students, we should pay more attentions to our habits which we develop in our study.attentionsattention补全句子I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay_off.我也希望我付出的努力能得到回报。名师指津 pay off表示“得到回报；取得成功”时是不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态。2in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)经典例句The car is in good condition, looking like the newly bought one.这辆车状况良好，就跟新买的一样。out of condition健康状况欠佳on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)on condition that . 在条件下；倘若多角练透单句语法填空What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition.We can build a harmonious society on condition that everyone behaves himself.补全句子The teacher always reminds us, “On no condition can_we_give_up our dreams.”老师总是告诫我们“在任何情况下我们都不能放弃我们的梦想”。3that引导的表语从句The advantage is that_if_there_is_a_new_illness_some_of_these_animals_may_die,_but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。句中that引导的是表语从句，that一词在句中无词义，但通常不能省略。另外，that还可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句等。The advantage of smiling is that_it_can_not_only_make_us_happy,_but also please others.微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.请把你有的申请这个职位的所有候选人的信息都发给我们。Experts_believe_that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(2013北京高考单选)专家们认为人们只有在必要时购物就会浪费较少的食物。.根据语境选用合适的短语填空in good condition, be bound to, pay off, cast down, in vain, bring back to life, from time to time, strike .into ones heart1I feel stressed from_time_to_time. Could you offer me some suggestions?2To avoid accidents, its important to check that all your tools are in_good_condition before starting.3Dont let yourself be cast_down by a small failure in the experiment, try again.4In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought_back_to_life after death.5Keep on working hard like this, and your research_is_bound_to_obtain great success.6The athletes years of hard training paid_off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.7Mountain Tai struck its beauty into_her_heart and she decided to visit it again the next year.8All efforts will be in_vain if we cant learn English by practicing repeatedly.句型转换1I have lost his address, and it is a trouble.The trouble is that_I_have_lost_his_address.2Because I cant afford the time, I had to give up the plan.Unable_to_afford_the_time,_I had to give up the plan. 3Many people are going to help us, and we are sure to finish it in time.With so many people to_help_us,_we are sure to finish it in time.4What surprises many people is that the idea of puters recognizing human voices.The_idea_that_puters_can_recognize human voices surprises many people.5Cloning animals, which is not so straightforward as cloning plants, is far more plicated.Cloning plants is straightforward while_cloning_animals_is far more plicated.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子1抄袭他人的作业的一个缺点就是你不能掌握你所学到的东西。(that引导的表语从句)A disadvantage of copying others homework is that_you_can_not_master_what_you_have _learned.2他刚刚坐下，班主任就来了。(倒装句)He had just taken his seat; then came_the_headteacher.3我的多数同学想去公园而我想到去参观博物馆。 (while并列句)Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while_I_had_an_idea_of_going_to_visit_ a_museum.4你认为谁是过去一百年里最伟大的妇女？(do you think作插入语)Who_do_you_think_was_the_most_important_woman_of_the_past_100_years?5新的学期很快就要开始了，我们将会再次忙碌起来。(with复合结构)With_the_new_term_to_begin_soon,_well_be_very_busy_again.三、过语法、写作(一)单元小语法复习同位语(词、短语和从句作同位语).单句语法填空1Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers.2He is interested in sports, especially ball games (game)3We students all respect him Mr. Johnson, our (we) English teacher.4His suggestion that the meeting be delayed was turned down.5He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.6Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3,198 metres above sea level.7His only interest in life, travelling (travel) around, has brought him a lot of friends.8We expressed the hope that you would e and visit China again.9They havent solved the problem what went wrong with the machine.10Next, lets talk about the matter who will go to the conference.单句改错1Two of us will be sent there, Tom and me.meI2With time going, the doubt that the team would win disappeared.thatwhether3I am looking forward to visiting Beijing, a city with many famous place of interest.placeplaces4Many people are worried about the possibility the puter will control the mankind.possibility后加that5Everyone agreed to his suggestion which we should hold a meeting to talk about the problem.whichthat.补全或翻译句子(注意使用同位语)1他读过各种各样的古今中外的书籍。He read all kinds of books, ancient_and_modern,_Chinese_and_foreign.2他建议我们在周末前把活干完是有道理的。His suggestion that_we_should_finish_the_work by the weekend is reasonable.3如何选拔优秀运动员，这个问题我们下周在讨论。The question how_we_choose_the_top_players will be discussed next week.4王老师非常关心我们学生。Mr.Wan