2018-2019学年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions讲义 新人教版选修8.docVIP

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions一、刷黑板 .阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写1patent n专利证书；专利权2courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井3walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木4powder n. 粉末；火药5perfume n. 香水；香味 第二屏听写6version n 版本；译本7extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸8triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体9criterion n(pl.criteria) (评判的)标准；尺度10string n. 线；绳子；一串11glue n. 胶；胶水vt. 粘贴；粘合 第三屏听写12greengrocer n蔬菜水果商(pl.) 蔬菜水果店13refrigerator n. 冰箱14jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱15microphone n. 麦克风；话筒16multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的 n. 倍数 第四屏听写17dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的18personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员19helicopter n. 直升飞机20cube n. 立方体；立方21cubic adj. 立方的 .高频词汇(汉译英)第五屏听写1distinguish vi.&vt. 显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别2merciful_ adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的3product n. 产品4abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的5abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地 第六屏听写6convenient adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的7caution n. 小心；谨慎8expectation n. 预料；期待；期望9passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的10merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的 第七屏听写11merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地12seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺13recognition n. 认出；认可；承认14claim n& vt. 要求；声称；主张15file n. 文件；档案；文件夹vt. 提交；将归档 第八屏听写16petence n 能力；胜任；本领17valid adj. 有效的；确凿的18ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的19freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的20identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明 第九屏听写21dial vt.拨(电话)22rainfall_ n. 降雨23innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的24bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担25forehead n. 额头26occasionally adv. 偶然地；不时地 第十屏听写27tap vt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头28current n. (水或气)流；电流adj. 现在的；当前的29stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的30invaluable adj. 无价的；极宝贵的31associate vt. 联想；联系n. 同伴；伙伴 第十一屏听写32practical_ adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的33directory n. 电话簿；商行名录34dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入35set_out_(to_do)_ 开始(做)36call_up 给打电话37now_and_then 偶尔；有时38set_about 开始；着手 第十一屏听写39hang_on_不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住40out_of_order_ 次序颠倒；发生故障41get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过42ring_back 回复电话43ring_off_ 挂断电话二、刷清单(一)核心单词阅读单词1.patent n专利证书；专利权2courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井3perfume n. 香水；香味4cube n. 立方体；立方5string n. 线；绳子；一串6.greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商；蔬菜水果店7jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱8microphone n. 麦克风；话筒9dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的10.personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员11multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的 n. 倍数12extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸表达单词1.dial vt.拨(电话)2claim n. & vt. 要求；声称；主张3abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的4merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的5merrily adv. 高兴地；愉快地6seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺7file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将归档8valid adj. 有效的；确凿的9ripe adj. 成熟的；熟的10bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担11tap v. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头12stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的13current n. (水或气)流；电流adj. 现在的；当前的14passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的15directory n. 电话簿；商行名录16rainfall n. 降雨17forehead n. 额头语境活用1Nowadays many old people have to bear (忍受) miserable loneliness after their sons or daughters leave home for work.2The suspect tapped (轻敲) the table nervously with fingers to hide his fear inside.3I seized (抓住) the opportunity to practice my spoken English.4You need special software to view the information in the_file(s) (文件)5We believe that only a stable (稳定的) and fully confident middle class will guarantee the stability and prosperity of Hong Kong.6The news on smartphones saves people much time reading through newspapers for current (当前的) affairs.7The abrupt (突然的) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy.8You could hear them singing and dancing merrily (愉快地) out in the street.拓展单词1.distinguish v显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的2merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的merciless adj.残忍的；无情的mercy n宽恕；仁慈3product n产品produce v生产producer n生产者；制片人4convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的convenience n方便；便利conveniently adv.便利地5caution n小心；谨慎cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地6expectation n预料；期待；期望expect v预料；期待；期望；认为7recognition n认出；认可；承认recognize vt.认出；承认8freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的freeze v冰冻frozen adj.冻结的9identification n鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明identity n身份；同一性identical adj.同一的；完全相同的identify v确定；鉴别10innocent adj.清白的；天真的；无罪的innocence n天真；清白11occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地occasional adj.偶然的occasion n时机；机会；场合12associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴；伙伴association n联系；联盟；协会13practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的practice n& vt.实践；练习语境活用1He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution.You should get on with him cautiously.(caution)2You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,_that is, at his convenience. His house is conveniently near the bus stop. (convenient)3In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isnt any association between them. (associate)4If nobody can prove your innocence,_how can you say you are innocent？(innocent)5He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesnt like.(mercy) 6The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone but was expected to go out. (expect)7It is freezing outside now, and more snow is falling on already frozen streets. (freeze)8This is my occasional_visit to the theme park, in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most. (occasion)9Although there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English, you must keep practicing speaking every day. (practice)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.ring_back回复电话2ring_off 挂断电话3set_about 开始；着手4now_and_then 偶尔；有时5set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)6call_up 给打电话；使想起7dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入8hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住9out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障10get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过1.It was before I had time to speak that he rang_off.2He has been diving_into the history of Chinese literature.3Benjamin Franklin set_about learning the printers trade at an early age.4After being divided into groups, we set_out to work at once.5The electrical toy father bought for her has gone out_of_order.6After that, he knew he could get_through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.7If you hang_on for a while, I will go and see if I can find your mother.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。连词过去分词。尽管累了，但他还是不停下来。Though_tired,_he didnt stop at all.2.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。so .that .引导结果状语从句。他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。His invention was so_practical_that he soon got a patent.3.Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。祈使句and/or .陈述句。好好学习，天天向上。Work_hard,_and_you_will make progress every day. 一、过重点单词1distinguish vt.& vi.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别教材原句Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。(1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和Bdistinguish . from . 把与区分开来distinguish oneself as 作为而出名(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for . 因而出名be distinguished as . 作为而出名多角练透单句语法填空Its important to distinguish reality from dreams.Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.As far as we all know, she has already distinguished herself as_a great volleyball coach in the world.On the other hand, Shanghai Museum, a wellknown and distinguished (distinguish) museum at home and abroad, is more professional in holding painting exhibitions.单句改错We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished as his scientific achievements.asfor2bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实教材原句I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.我忍受不了烤肉架上烤香肠的味道。练牢基点写出下列句中bear的含义Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？负担；承担He cant bear being laughed at in public.忍受She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育Some of the newlyplanted apple trees have also begun to bear.结果实系统考点(1) bear doing/to do sth.忍受做某事bear sb./sb.s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事bear/keep in mind that . 记住练通重点单句语法填空I cant bear young people casting (cast) away their youth.Please bear in mind that success es from hard work while laziness leads to failure.3associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴，伙伴教材原句Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life.虽然人们常把他和发明电话联系起来，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。(1)associate .with .使与联系起来associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系be associated with 与有关(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团in association with 与联合/有关联题点全练单句语法填空If you associate with positivethinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success.There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking.We are working in association_(associate) with a local pany to raise money for the homeless.单句语法填空1The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing (distinguish) right from wrong.2He cant bear people smoking (smoke) while hes eating.3We all have an expectation_(expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities.4If we are blind to our own faults, we will not be very merciful_(mercy) towards others.5The service offers young people practical (practice) advice on finding a job.6The exhibition was organized by the school in association with local artists.7The blind man tapped (tap) his cane on the sidewalk and walked to the supermarket.8In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.单句改错1Distinguishing for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.DistinguishingDistinguished2Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden the students have to bear with.去掉with3The teachers abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening.abruptlyabrupt4Im not accustomed to associate with people like those young men.associateassociating5Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high frozen point. frozenfreezing6We could hear a woman was singing merry in the next room.merrymerrily7Only for seizing every minute can we finish the task in time.forby8Our lives will bee more and more fortable and convenience with the changes around me.convenienceconvenient9There was a general expectation what most students would pass the exam.whatthat10I think you should be caution about giving your address to strangers.cautioncautious.根据提示词补全(或翻译)句子1色盲的人很难区分蓝色和绿色。(distinguish)Colorblind people often find it difficult to_distinguish_between_blue_and_green.2妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。(bear)My mother often reminds me to bear_in_mind_that failure is the mother of success. 3你四点钟接我并把我送到机场方便吗？(convenient)Would it be_convenient_for_you_to_pick_me_up at four oclock and take me to the airport?4如果他那时抓住了那次机会，他现在就会是这个新部门的经理了。(seize)If_he_had_seized_the_opportunity_at_that_time,_he would be the new department manager now.5记忆总是和我们的情感联系在一起的。(associate)Memories_are_always_associated_with_our_feelings.二、过短语、句式1call up给打电话；使想起教材原句When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很不安。call off取消；停止call for 要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人)call at 拜访(某地)call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求选用上述短语填空The photo calls_up the story of my childhood. Dont let anything call_off your attention from your studies. Success in school calls_for much hard work.The government calls_on the workers to oppose waste. 2get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽经典例句Ive been trying to ring up for a long time and I couldnt get through.我拨了很长时间的电话，但总是接不通。一词多义写出下列句中get through的含义My new secretary is very quick. She got through a lot of work in one morning.(设法)做完I couldnt get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.打通电话Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through.通过The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完归纳拓展get (sth.) across (to sb.) 使(某事)被(某人)理解get along with sb. 与某人相处；进展get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事get over熬过；克服(困难)；从中恢复过来According to Lee, it was Bens carelessness that accounted for the accident. But Ben got_away_with his wrongdoing.根据李所说的，正是本的粗心才导致了那场事故。但是，本侥幸逃脱了罪责。3祈使句and陈述句Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。 (1)祈使句and陈述句If .，主句(2)祈使句or/or else/otherwise陈述句If .not .，主句(3)名词词组and陈述句Follow_your_doctors_advice,_and you will get better soon.遵循医生的建议，你很快就会好的。Dont leave your bike here, or_you_will_be_fined.不要把你的自行车放在这里，否则你会被罚款的。A few minutes earlier, and_I_could_have_seen the famous scientist.要是早来几分钟的话，我就能见到那位著名科学家了。.根据语境选用合适的短语填空out of order， hang on， get through， ring off， now and then， dive into， set about， call up1I know you are tired, but try to hang_on a minute. 2When I asked if I was speaking to the manager Jones, he simply rang_off.3A lot of people dived_into the lake in search of the lost diamond ring.4As soon as she got into the classroom, she set_about_preparing for the lessons.5We were very glad when we heard that you had got_through your exam.6I checked the files and some of the papers were out_of_order. You had better sort them out.7The students go to visit their English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year.8As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called_up scenes of my childhood.句型转换1If it is convenient for you, you can e and see me.e_and_see_me whenever its convenient for you.2The boy later went up to his teacher and said “sorry” because he was greatly touched by his words. Greatly touched_by_his_teachers_words,_the boy later went up to him and said “sorry”3He walked so fast that I couldnt keep up with him.So fast did_he_walk that I couldnt keep up with him.4As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Worried_about_the_journey,_I was unsettled for the first few days.5She found that the door was broken in when she came back home.She found the door broken_in when she came back home.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子1白求恩大夫挽救了那么多中国士兵的生命，以至于他被中国人永远地记住了。(so .that .)Doctor Bethune_saved_so_many_Chinese_soldiers_that_he_was_remembered_by Chinese forever.2除非加以修改，否则这条法律将给农民的生活造成困难。(连词分词)Unless_changed,_this law will make life difficult for farmers. 3只有所有国家的人们联合起来，我们才能解决世界上现存的一些问题。(only开头的倒装句)Only_if_people_of_all_the_countries_are_united_will_we_be_able_to_solve/can_we_solve some existing problems in the world.4这个世界上对他来说似乎没有什么是不可能的事情。(there seems .)There_seems_to_be_nothing_that_seems_impossible_for_him_in_the_world.5课堂上认真听老师讲课，否则你就无法理解老师说的是什么。(祈使句or陈述句)Listen_to_the_teacher_carefully_in_class,_or_you_cant_catch_what_he_is_saying.三、过语法、写作(一)单元小语法复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语.单句语法填空1The girl dressed (dress) in red is Kellys good friend.2The boys father was very disappointed (disappoint) to hear his sons poor academic record.3The problem discussed (discuss) at the meeting yesterday was very difficult to solve. 4He became excited (excite) when he heard the news that his school basketball team had won the match.5The girl referred (refer) to looks forward to buying a gold watch.6When I came into the classroom, I found Li Ming seated(seat) at his desk.7There is almost nothing changed_(change) since I left the town two years ago.8They are going to have the entrance hall painted (paint) white. .单句改错1Id like to drink a cup of cool boiling water.boilingboiled2We got so boring that we couldnt help yawning.boringbored3The suggestion was made at the meeting was very practical.去掉第一个was4I am often moving to tears when reading Xu Zhimos poems.movingmoved5Any medicine taking without the doctors permission can cause trouble.takingtaken.补全或翻译句子 (注意使用分词)1老师对实验结果很满意。The teacher_is_pleased_with the result of the experiment. 2屋外景色迷人，白雪覆盖着大地。The outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered_with_snow. 3当我起床并走进院子时，我看到太阳已经升起来了。When I got up and went into the yard, I_saw_the_risen_sun. 4这位年轻老师在学生中很受欢迎，由于他总是努力使他们对他的课感兴趣。The young teacher is very popular among his students as he always tries_to_make_them_interested_in his lectures.5张教授做的报告是关于环境保护的。The_lecture_given_by_Professor_Zhang_is_about_environmental_protection.(二)课堂微写作练扩写让意蕴更丰满题目要求科学技术的不断发展给我们带来了许多便利，但也有缺点。请把下面短文扩写成100词左右的作文，具体阐述科技的利与弊。The constant development of science and technology has brought us a lot of convenience. Take smartphones for example, we can make phone calls and send text messages with it as well as surf the Internet, etc.However, while we are enjoying what scientific achievements have brought us, we shouldnt ignore their disadvantages. We should learn to take advantage of science and technology to protect our home the earth.答案示例Th