2019届中考英语专题复习专题一名词课件.ppt

专题一名词,专题一名词,分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词词义辨析的考查主要为语境辨析。其中主要涉及同类名词语境辨析的考查,包括地点类、称呼类、身体部位类、物品类、颜色类、国家及地区类、饮食类等名词的辨析。对于此类试题，考生应该按照类别来记忆。此外，有些题可以通过分析语境和逻辑关系确定正确答案。考生做这类题时，首先要掌握足够的词汇量，其次结合生活经验和常识，理解句意，推测语境，最后得出正确答案。甘肃中考常考的同类名词列举如下：,1,名词词义辨析,考点小练,1.Imalittlzehungrynow.Ionlydranksomethismorning.A.breadB.milkC.bananaD.noodle,B,2.Thepassengerssafetymostlydependsonthewhentheplaneisflying.A.engineerB.pilotC.programmerD.teacher,B,3.KatewillarriveinBeijing.Weareallatthetopickherup.A.stationB.libraryC.restaurantD.hotel,A,4.Ididntsendane-mailtoMarybecausemyisbrokendown.A.clockB.computerC.penD.bike,B,5.TheChinesesaying“Atreecantmakeaforest”tellsusthatisveryimportantinafootballmatch.A.abilityB.decisionC.teamworkD.experience,C,6.Weallwanttotrysomethingnew,butfindingthe_tostartisalwaysthehardestpart.A.ideaB.prideC.courageD.progress,C,7.Thecharityshowwasabig_.WehaveraisedmuchmoneyforProjectHope.A.successB.surpriseC.suggestionD.stress,A,8.Thetwocountrieshavereacheda(n)_tosharethelatestinformationaboutscienceandtechnologysothattheycandeveloptogether.A.achievementB.agreementC.suggestionD.conversation,B,9.Smokingisnotallowedinthismeeting.Itisabadbehavior.A.roomB.homeC.houseD.family,A,2,名词的数,分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词的数主要考查可数名词单数变复数的规则变化和不规则变化。,1.可数名词的复数形式,规则变化表,不规则变化表,巧记口诀,名词复数有规律,一般词尾加-s；,辅音字母+y型,变y为i加-es；,ch,sh,s,x真有趣,全部都加-es；,f,fe特殊记，一般字母v来替，-es在后别忘记；,字母o来真神奇,有生命加-es,没有生命加-s。,2.常见不可数名词的归纳与用法,常见的不可数名词,不可数名词的量的表示,不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：ablockof一块;abottleof一瓶;agroupof一群;apairof一组/双/对;apieceof一片(张/块);apileof一堆。短语apair(piece)of+复数名词作主语时，中心词是apair(piece),故谓语动词用单数；若是短语twopairs(pieces)of+复数名词作主语，则中心词是twopairs,故谓语动词用复数。,常见的不可数名词,考点小练,10.Mygrandmaoftentellsmesomeinteresting(story)beforeIgotobed.,stories,11.Thereusedtobemany(wolf),butonlyafewofthemremainnow.,wolves,12.Donteattoomuchsugar.Itsbadforyour(tooth).,teeth,13.Mylittlesisterlearnedtomaketwo(cake)yesterday.,cakes,14.IwillgototheUSforfurtherstudyinthree(month).,months,3,名词所有格,分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词所有格在语法与情景对话、任务型完形填空、词汇中考查。如何判断名词所有格：1.当空格后为名词，且空前为形容词性物主代词时；2.当有两个主语时，注意判断某物是共有还是各自所有。,考点小练,15.mothersarewaitingforthemattheschoolgate.Tellthemtogothereatonceafterclass.A.LucyandLilysB.LucysandLilysC.LucyandLilyD.LucysandLily,B,16.UncleWangisanexcellentengineer.Heisafriendof.A.myfatherB.myfathersC.myfathersD.myfathers,B,17.musicteacherisMissZhangandsheisaverybeautifulwoman.A.AnnandherbrotherB.AnnandherbrothersC.AnnsandherbrotherD.Annsandherbrothers,B,18.ThereisanMP5onthedesk.Whoseisthis?Itcanbemy,forsheboughtoneyesterday.A.sisterB.sistersC.sistersD.sisters,B,19.Howfarisyourhomefromschool？Itsabouttwowalk.A.hoursB.hoursC.hoursD.hour,B,4,名词作定语,针对名词作定语，考生须掌握以下两种形式结构：,1.名词修饰名词,（1）作定语的名词一般用单数形式，变复数只需将中心词变为复数形式。如：countrymusic乡村音乐；girlstudentgirlstudents女学生。（2）当man和woman作定语时，变复数形式时将中心词及man或woman都变成复数形式。如：mandrivermendrivers男司机；womanteacherwomenteachers女教师。,2.“数词-名词”修饰名词(2015省卷45题，2015兰州45题),（1）“数词-名词单数”形式，可将作定语的名词变为相应的所有格形式。如：atwo-dayholiday=twodaysholiday两天的假期；aten-minutewalk=tenminuteswalk步行十分钟的路程。（2）“数词-名词单数-形容词”形式。如：a15-year-oldgirl一个十五岁大的女孩；a10-meter-longbridge一座十米长的桥。,考点小练,20.Kateisgirl.Shesveryhappyatschool.A.aeighteenyearoldB.aneighteen-year-oldC.aneighteen-yearsoldD.aeighteenyearsold,B,21.Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?.A.MuttonandtomatoesnoodlesB.MuttonandtomatonoodlesC.MuttonsandtomatoesnoodlesD.Muttonsandtomatonoodles,B,22.Weshouldwearwhenweplayballgames.A.sportshoesB.sportshoeC.sportsshoesD.sportsshoe,C,23.Thischairisnotstable,soithastoberepaired.A.three-legB.threelegC.three-legsD.thirdlegs,A,24.Therearesomanyinfrontofmyhouse.Ioftenpickupapplesfromtheminautumn.A.appletreeB.applestreeC.applestreesD.appletrees,D,5,用所给名词的适当形式填空,名词变形容词规则表,考点小练,25.Eachofusshouldreadan(education)bookduringthewintervacation.,educational,26.Aftertheearthquake,hundredsofpeoplebecame_(home).,homeless,27.Allofushopethelifeinhighschoolwillbe_(meaning).,meaningful,28.Forgettingabetterjob,weshoulddevelopourinterestsandalwayslearnmore_(skill).,skills,29.Lindaisvery_(friend).Shenevertellsabadwordaboutothers.,friendly,30.Iam_(luck)tohavethechancetoattendsuchanimportantmeeting.,lucky,6,合成词词义辨析,此类词汇是英语中常见构词法中的合成词，由两个或者两个以上的单词合成一个新词。此处罗列常见的合成词。如：,合成名词：,（1）room类：classroom教室；bedroom卧室；bathroom洗手间；workroom工作室；readingroom阅览室；livingroom起居室；sittingroom客厅；washingroom盥洗室；waitingroom等侯室。（2）work类：housework家务；homework家庭作业；schoolwork学校作业。（3）man类：policeman警察；fisherman渔夫；chairman主席；postman邮递员；salesman(男)销售员；businessman商人；workman工人。,拓展：其他词性的合成词,合成形容词：downhill下坡的；worldwide全世界的；goodlooking好看的。,合成副词：downstairs在楼下；hotfoot匆忙地；beforehan