UNIT 12演讲PPT课件.ppt

1,UNIT12,AcaseofSEVEREBIAS,2,CONTENT,1/Text1studying2/Vocabulary,3,1.WhatareblackAmericansinyoureyes?2.DoyouthinkthereisstilldiscriminationagainstblackpeopleintheUnitedStates?,Pre-readingquestions,4,Abouttheauthor,PatriciaRaybonisanaward-winningauthorandjournalistwhosepersonalessaysonfaith,familyandracehavebeenpublishedinTheNewYorkTimesMagazine,Newsweek,USAToday,USAWeekend,ChicagoTribune,TheDenverPost,RockyMountainNews,theCharlesStanleyMinistriesInTouchMagazineandfeaturedonNationalPublicRadiosWeekendEdition.SheretiredasanassociateprofessorofjournalismattheUniversityofColorado,Boulderin2006.,5,1.Theblackmiddleclass,Theblackmiddleclass,withintheUnitedStates,referstoAfricanAmericanswhooccupyamiddleclassstatuswithintheAmericanclassstructure,thosewhoowntheirownhomeorsmallbusiness,andbythestrictestdefinition,thosewithadegreefromcollege.,6,2.Challengesfacingtheblackmiddleclass,Downwardmobility:45%ofchildrenfromablackmiddleclassfamilyendup“nearpoor”,while16%ofchildrenfromawhitemiddleclassfamilyendup“nearpoor”.Financialcrisis:33%oftheblackmiddleclasswasindangeroffallingoutofthemiddleclassatthestartoftherecession.,7,PPT模板下载：,AcaseofSEVEREBIAS,ByPatriciaRaybon,ThisselectionoriginallyappearedinNewsweek,1989.InthetexttheauthorcontrastsmediaimagesofblackAmericanswiththerealityoftheirlives,emphasizingwhatblackAmericansarenot.,8,8,Structuralanalysis,Thetextcanbedividedintothefollowingthreeparts:,Part1(Paragraphs13):ThispartbringsupthetopicthatthemediahavedistortedtheimageofblackAmericansoutofaseverebias,andmostblacks,includingtheauthorherself,arenotatalllikewhatisdepictedinthemedia.PartII(Paragraphs413):ThispartgivesadetaileddescriptionofthefactthatthemediahavepresentedabiasedimageofblackAmericaandtransmittedittothewholecountryasthenorm.PartIII(Paragraphs1416):TheauthorcallsforactiontocorrectthedistortedmediaimageofblacksandmakeblacksandtheircontributionstoAmericansocietyrecognized.,9,ThisiswhoIamnot.Iamnotacrackaddict.Iamnotawelfaremother.Iamnotilliterate.Iamnotaprostitute.Ihaveneverbeeninjail.Mychildrenarenotingangs.Myhusbanddoesntbeatme.Myhomeisnotatenement.NoneofthesethingsdefineswhoIam,nordotheydescribetheotherblackpeopleIveknownandworkedwithandlovedandbefriendedoverthesefortyyearsofmylife.,DetailReading,“ThisiswhoIamnot.Iamnotacrackaddict.Iamnotawelfaremother.Iamnotilliterate.Iamnotaprostitute.”Whythewriterbeginsthearticlelikethis?,Theauthorwouldliketorectifythedistortedimagesoftheblackthathaveexistedforalongtimeandbeentransmittedwidelybynegatingeachofthem.,10,WhatistheimageofblackpeopleintheAmericannewsmedia?,Theyaredepictedaspoor,criminal,addictedanddysfunctional.,Whatsthemediasopiniontowardsblackpeople?,Themostvictimizedandhurtingsegmentoftheblackcommunityasmallsegment,atbestispresentednotastheexceptionbutasthenorm.Asconcludedis“JustOneSide”.,11,YetintheeyesoftheAmericannewsmedia,thisiswhatblackAmericais:poor,criminal,addicted,anddysfunctional.Indeed,mediacoverageofblackAmericaissoone-sided,soimbalancedthatthemostvictimizedandhurtingsegmentoftheblackcommunityasmallsegment,atbestispresentednotastheexceptionbutasthenorm.Itisaninsidiouspractice,alltheuglierforitsblatancy.,ThemediasmalicioususeofthesmallsegmentofblackAmericatorepresentthewholeofitisharmfulandoffensive.,12,Inrecentmonths,Ihaveobservedasteadyofferingofmediareportsoncrackbabies,gangwarfare,violentyouth,poverty,andhomelessnessandinmostcases,thepeoplefeaturedinthephotosandstorieswereblack.Atthesametime,articlesthatdiscussotheraspectsofAmericanlifefromhomebuyingtomedicinetotechnologytonutritionrarely,ifever,showblacksplayingapositiverole,orforthatmatter,anyroleatall.,Whatinformationcanyougatherinthispart?,13,Mediasfocusonblackpeopleis:crackbabies,gangwarfare,violentyouth,poverty,andhomelessnessBlackpeopleareseldomornevermentionedin:articlesthatdiscussotheraspectsofAmericanlifefromhomebuyingtomedicinetotechnologytonutrition,ThemediapresentblackAmericanasdysfunctionalandunwhole,whiletheauthordescribesitasawonderful,vibrant,creativecommunityofpeople.,14,Becausetheyhaveaseverebiasagainstblackpeopleandcreateabadimageofthem.,Dayafterday,weekafterweek,thismessagethatblackAmericaisdysfunctionalandunwholegetstransmittedacrosstheAmericanlandscape.WhydotheAmericaninsistonplayingthismyopic,inaccuratepicturegame?,15,WhydotheAmericanmediainsistonplayingthismyopic,inaccuratepicturegame?Inthisgame,whiteAmericaisalwayswholeandlovelyandhealthy,whileblackAmericaisusuallysickandpatheticanddeficient.Rarely,indeed,isblackAmericaeverdepictedinthemediaasfunctionalandself-sufficient.Thefreepress,indeed,asthemaininterpreterofAmericancultureandAmericanexperience,holdsthemirroronAmericanrealitysomuchsothatwhatthemediasayisis,evenifitsnotthatwayatall.Themediaareguiltyofaseverebiasandtheproblemscreamsoutforcorrection.Itisworsethansimplylazyjournalism,whichisbadenough;itisinaccuratejournalism.,Thefreepress,indeed,asthemaininterpreterofAmericancultureandAmericanexperience,holdsthemirroronAmericanrealitysomuchsothatwhatthemediasayisis,evenifitsnotthatwayatall.Whatdoesitmean?,16,ThemediaaresupposedtopresentAmericancultureandAmericanexperiencetruthfullybyreflectingAmericanreality,andpeopleusuallyacceptnewsreportsastruthwithoutanydoubt.Unfortunately,inmanycaseswhattheypresentisanythingbutthetruth.,17,Itisworsethansimplylazyjournalism,whichisbadenough;itisinaccuratejournalism.?,Thedistorted,inaccuratecoverageofnewsisworsethancoveringnothingatallaboutblacks.,ThelastsentenceinthePara7,18,Whataretheproblemsoftheurbanblackunderclass?Poverty,crime,addictionanddysfunctionalrelationships.,19,ForblackAmericanslikemyself,thisisntjustanissueofvanityofwantingtobeseeninagoodlight.Norisitamatterofclosingoneseyestotheveryrealproblemsoftheurbanunderclasswhichundeniablyisdisproportionatelyblack.Tobesure,problemsbesettingtheblackunderclassdeservetheutmostattentionofthemedia,aswellastheunderstandingandconcernoftherestofAmericansociety.,LetsanalyzethissentenceinthePar8:Norisitamatterofclosingoneseyestotheveryrealproblemsoftheurbanunderclasswhichundeniablyisdisproportionatelyblack.Whatdoesitmean?,Weshouldneverignoretheexistenceofrealproblemsoftheurbanunderclasswhichundeniablyisdisproportionatelyblack.,20,Butiftheirproblemsconsistentlyarepresentedastheonlyrealityforblacks,anyotherexperienceknownintheblackcommunityceasestohavevalidity,ortobereal.Inthisscenario,millionsofblacksarerelegatedtoasortoftwilightzone,wherewhoweareandwhatweareisntbasedonfactbutanimageandperception.ThatswhatitfeelsliketobeablackAmericanwhoselifestyleisoutsideoftheaberrantbehaviorthatthemediapresentasthenorm.,Whatdoes“Inthisscenario,millionsofblacksarerelegatedtoasortoftwilightzone,wherewhoweareandwhatweareisntbasedonfactbutanimageandperception.”mean?pleasetranslatethemintoChinese,在这个场景中，成千上万的黑人被贬低到某种边缘地带，在那里判断我们的身份和地位不是基于事实，而是基于印象和看法。,21,Whatdoestheauthormeanbythephrase“twilightzone”?,“Twilightzone”referstoagrayarea,aborderin-betweentwoormorethingsthatisunclearlydefined,aborderthatishardtodefineorevenimpossibletodefine.Heretheauthormeansthattheimageofblacksremainsunclear,becauseofthediscrepancybetweentheimagedepictedbythemediaandtheimageinreality.,22,10Formanyofus,lifeisacuriousseriesofencounterswithwhitepeoplewhowanttoknowwhyweare“different”fromotherblackswhen,infact,mostofusareonly“different”fromthenowcommonnegativeimagesofblacklife.Sopervasivearetheseimagesthattheyarentjustperceivedasthenorm,theyreacceptedasthenorm.11Iamreminded,forexample,ofthecontroversialSpikeLeefilmDotheRightThingandthecriticismbysomemoviereviewersthatthefilmsghettoneighborhoodisntpopulatedbyaddictsanddrugpushersandthusisnotatruedepiction.12Infact,millionsofblackAmericansliveinneighborhoodswherethemostcommonsightsarechildrenplayingandcoupleswalkingtheirdogs.Inmyowninner-cityneighborhoodinDenveranareathatthelocalpressconsistentlydescribesas“gangterritory”Ihaveyettoseearecognizable“gang”memberorany“gang”activity(drugdealingordrive-byshootings),norhaveIbeenthevictimof“gangviolence”.,WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDenver,whichisdescribedas“gangterritory”inthelocalpress?Accordingtotheauthor,shehasneverexperiencedany“gang”activityinDenver,norhasshebeenthevictimof“gangviolence”.,23,YettostudentsofAmericancultureinthecaseofSpikeLeesfilm,themoviereviewersablack,inner-cityneighborhoodcanonlybeonethingtobereal:drug-infestedanddysfunctioning.Isthismyegotalking?Inpart,yes.Forthemillionsofblackpeoplelikemyselfordinary,hard-working,law-abiding,tax-payingAmericansthemediasblindnesstothefactthatweevenexist,letalonetoourcontributionstoAmericansociety,isabittercuptodrink.Andasself-reliantasmostblackAmericansarebecausewevehadtobeself-relianteventhestrongestamongusstillcraveaffirmation.,Mostblackpeopleworkhard,obeythelawandpayallkindsoftaxes.WehavemadeourcontributionstoAmericansociety,asalltheotherAmericanshave.Butthemedianevernoticeandcoverit.Thisisreallyagonizingfortheblacks.,24,1416Para.,1.WhydoestheauthorthinkitisnecessarytohavearealportraitofblackAmerica?2.Whatdoes“American-ness”referto?3.Whatis,astheauthorsaid,“thebest-keptsecretinAmerica”?,25,WhydoestheauthorthinkitisnecessarytohavearealportraitofblackAmerica?ItisbecauseblackpeopledeserveanobjectiveandtruthfulevaluationoftheircontributiontoAmericansocietyandhistory.Theycannolongerbearadistortedimagebasedonasevereracialbias.,26,Whatdoes“American-ness”referto?ItreferstothebasicfinequalitiesofAmericans,suchasdiligence,self-reliance,ambition,andrespectforhumanrights.,27,Whatis,astheauthorsaid,“thebest-keptsecretinAmerica”?ThetruecharacteristicsoftheblackpeopleandtheircontributionstoAmerica.,28,WhatdoyouliketosayaboutblackAmerican?,29,Wecanalsofindaveryimportantelementinthisarticle-MEDIA.Thereisnodoubtthatmediaisplayinganessentialroleinalmosteveryaspectofourlife.Pleasediscusswithyourclassmatesthemajorareasmediacover.,30,Inthistext,thepunctuationmarkdashhasbeenusedinmanysentences.Forinstance,Dayafterday,weekafterweek,thismessagethatblackAmericaisdysfunctionalandunwholegetstransmittedacrosstheAmericanlandscape.,Findmoresentencesinthetextinwhichdashisusedandexplainitsusageinthem.,31,Norisitamatterofclosingoneseyestotheveryrealproblemsoftheurbanunderclasswhichundeniablyisdisproportionatelyblack.(Interruptingasentence)Andasself-reliantasmostblackAmericansarebecausewevehadtobeself-relianteventhestrongestamongusstillcraveaffirmation.(Interruptingasentence)IwantAmericatoknowusallofusforwhowereallyare.(Puttingspecialemphasis)ThatistherealportraitofblackAmericathatwerestrongpeople,survivingpeople,capablepeople.(Introducinganexplanation),32,WordsAndExpressions,33,Paragraph1-3,illiterate:a.(1)notabletoreadorwritee.g.YoumustbeilliterateifyouveneverheardofMarx.Heismusicallyilliterate.Translation:无论他是百万富翁还是乞丐，无论他是知识分子还是文盲，他的母亲都永远爱他。Nomatterheisamillionaireorabeggar,educatedorilliterate,hismotherloveshimforever.我给她读莎士比亚优美的十四行诗，但在这样没文化的人面前，简直是对牛弹琴。IreadthatbeautifulShakespeareansonnettoher,butitwaspearlsbeforeswinetosuchanilliterateperson.,34,addicted:a.(1)unabletostoptakingorusingsth.asahabite.g.becomeaddictedtodrugs,alcohol,tobacco,etc.(2)stronglyinterestedinsth.asahobbyorpastimee.g.HeisaddictedtoTVsoapoperas.Translation:他醉心于诗歌，希望有一天自己成为诗人。Hewasaddictedtopoetryandhopedonedaytobeapoethimself.他是个旅行迷。Hewasanaddictedtraveler.,35,dysfunctional:a.abnormallyfunctioninge.g.Childrenfromadysfunctionalfamilyismorelikelytobeshy.insidious:a.spreadingoractinggraduallyandunnoticedbutwithharmfuleffectse.g.Hehadinsidiouslywormedhiswayintoheraffections.Theleafletswereamoreinsidiousformofpropaganda.Synonym:sinister,menacing,36,Paragraphs4-13,warfare:n.(1)theactivityoffightingawar,especiallyusingparticularweaponsormethodse.g.Thereweremanycountriesengagedinwarfare.(2)theactivityofcompetinginanaggressivewaywithanothergroup,company,etc.e.g.Thedebatesoondegeneratedintoopenwarfare.onwelfare:thestateofreceivingmoneypaidbythegovernmenttosupportoneslifee.g.Moreandmorepeoplearelivingonwelfareasaresultofthefinancialcrisis.,37,deduce:v.arriveat(facts,atheory,etc.)byreasoning;infersth.e.g.Detectivesdeducedfromtheclueswhohadcommittedthecrime.Wededucefromhisbehaviorthatheistryingtogainattention.Derivation:deductione.g.Itsanobviousdeductionthatsheisguilty.Thedividendwillbepaidwithoutthedeductionoftax.,38,myopic:a.(1)medicalunabletoseethingsclearlythatarefarawaye.g.HethinksthatDollyismyopicandshouldseeagooddoctor.(2)unwillingorunabletothinkaboutthefuturee.g.Heispoliticallymyopic.Thegovernmentstillhasamyopicattitudetopublicspending.Synonym:short-sightede.g.Hewastooshort-sightedtofocusontheobject.Untilthisshort-sightedpolicyisreversedweshallnevermakeanyprogress.,39,pathetic:a.(1)causingonetofeelpityorsadnesse.g.Thepatheticsightofstarvingchildrenmadeherburstintocry.(2)extremelyinadequate;contemptiblee.g.Hisanswerswerepatheticallyinadequate.Translation:他的眼泪引起了在场人的怜悯。Histearswerepathetictowitness.,40,interpreter:n.(1)apersonwhosejobistotranslatewhatsb.issayingintoanotherlanguagee.g.Speakingthroughaninterpreter,thePresidentsaidthatthetalksweregoingwell.(2)apersonwhoperformsapieceofmusicoraroleinaplayinawaythatclearlyshowsitsmeaninge.g.ShewasconsideredoneofthefinestinterpretersofDebussysmusic.,41,(be)guiltyof:havingdonesth.illegal;(being)responsibleforsth.badthathashappenede.g.Thejuryfoundthedefendantnotguiltyoftheoffence.Weveallbeenguiltyofselfishnessatsometimeinourlives.Translation:他犯了重大的判断失误。Hewasguiltyofanimportantmisjudgment.他因侵犯我的隐私权被判有罪。Hewasgivenasentenceforbeingguiltyofintrusionuponmyprivacy.,42,inagoodlight:(1)withaproperlightingconditione.g.Readinagoodlightlestitshouldhurtyoureyes.(2)fromapositiveperspectivee.g.Optimiststendtoseethingsinagoodlight.Translation:把这幅画挂在光线充足的地方，否则没人能看得见。Hangthepictureinagoodlight,otherwisenoonecanseeit.如果我们对一个人的第一印象很好，那么以后我们对他的印象就很难变坏。Ifweseeapersonfirstinagoodlight,itisdifficultsubsequentlytodarkenthatlight.,43,underclass:n.thelowestsocialclass,consistingofpeoplewhoareverypoorandwhoarenotlikelytobeabletoimprovetheirsituatione.g.Asanurbanunderclass,hehasverylimitedaccesstohealthcare.Thelong-termunemployedarebecominganewunderclass.Synonym:lowerclasse.g.IamfromoneofthelowerclassesandImproudofit.,44,beset:v.surround(sb./sth.)onallsides;troubleconstantly;threatene.g.Thevoyagewasbesetwithdangers.Theteamwasbesetbyinjuryallseason.Translation:他疑虑重重。Hewasbesetbydoubts.我们在沼泽地受到蚊子的围攻。Intheswamp,wewerebesetbymosquitoes.,45,validity:n.(1)thestateofbeinglegallyorofficiallyacceptablee.g.Theperiodofvalidityoftheagreementhasexpired.(2)thestateofbeinglogicalandtruee.g.Wehaddoubtsaboutthevalidityoftheirargument.Synonym:soundness,legitimacye.g.Henowenjoyssoundnessofmindandbody.Idoubtthesoundnessofthetheory.thelegitimacyofthegovernmentItisdifficulttojudgethelegitimacyofthechild.,46,scenario:n.(1)asituationthatcouldpossiblyhappene.g.Imagineascenariowhereonly20%ofpeoplehaveajob.(2)writtenoutlineofafilm,play,etc.withdetailsofthescenesandplote.g.Itlookedominouslylikewewereabouttorepeattheearlierscenario.,47,twilightzone:agrayarea,aborderin-betweentwoormorethingsthatisunclearlydefined,aborderthatishardtodefineorevenimpossibletodefinee.g.Wrestlingisinatwilightzonebetweensportandentertainment.Translation:生活和生存之间的模糊地带thetwilightzonebetweenlivingandmerelyexisting法院这一新的大胆举动，势必产生权限不明的情况。Theeffectofthecourtsnewdeparturewastocreateatwilightzoneofauthority.,48,affirmation:n.apositiveassertione.g.Thepoemisajoyousaffirmationofthepoweroflove.Translation:他肯定地点点头。Henoddedinaffirmation.他们要求她证实那一事实。Theyaskedheraffirmationofthefact.,49,Paragraphs14-16,portrait:n.(1)paintedpicture,drawingorphotographof(esp.thefaceof)apersonorananimale.g.Shehadherportraitpainted.(2)descriptioninwordse.g.ThebookcontainsafascinatingportraitoflifeatthecourtofHenryVIII.Comparison:portraititisinaccuratejournalism.Synonym:inexact,faulty,mistaken,erroneous8.Norisitamatterofclosingoneseyestotheveryrealproblemsoftheurbanunderclass.Antonym:upperclass,elite,gentry,70,GrammarAndTranslation,71,1.Conditionalsa.Therearefivemajortypesofconditionals:Zeroconditional:astructureusedfortalkingaboutthingswhichalwayshappenundercertainconditions.Thestructureislike:if+present+present.e.g.Phosphorusburnsifyouexposeittoair.Ifyouheatwaterto100degrees,itboils.Firstconditional:astructureusedfortalkingaboutpossibilitiesinthepresentorinthefuture.Thestructureislike:if+present+future.e.g.IfIhavethemoney,Iwillbuythiscar.Ifyoucookthesupper,Illwashthedishes.Secondconditional:astructureusedfortalkingaboutunrealsituationsinthepresentorinthefuture.Thestructureislike:if+past+conditional.e.g.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnottalktohim.IfIwereyou,Iwoulddrivemorecarefullyintherain.,72,Thirdconditional:astructureusedfortalkingaboutunrealsituationsinthepast.Thestructureislike:if+pastperfect+perfectconditional.e.g.IfIhadstudiedharder,Iw