2019-2020学年高二英语上学期入学测试试题.doc

2019-2020学年高二英语上学期入学测试试题完形填空（每题1.5分）The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has(1) across the Web.Can privacy be preserved (2) bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly (3) ？Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal governmenta (4) to make the Web a safer place- a voluntary trusted identity system that would be the high-tech (5) of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled (6) one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential (7) to a specific puter, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to (8) a federation of private online identity systems. User could (9) whichsystem to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticatedcould navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license (10) by the government.Google and Microsoft are among panies that already have these single sign-onsystems that make it possible for users to (11) just once but use many different services.(12) , the approach would create a walled garden cyberspace, with safeneighborhoods and bright streetlights to establish a sense of a (13) munity.Mr. Schmidt described it as a voluntary ecosystem in which individuals and organizations can plete online transactions with (14) ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructrue (15) which the transaction runs.Still, the administrations plan has (16) privacy rights activists. Some applaud theapproach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would (17) be a pulsory Internet drivers license mentality.The plan has also been greeted with (18) by some puter security experts, whoworry that the voluntary ecosystem envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet (19) . They argue that all Internet users should be (20) to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.(1) Aswept Bskipped Cwalked Dridden(2) Afor Bwithin Cwhile Dthough(3) Acareless Blawless Cpointless Dhelpless(4) Areason Breminder Cpromise Dproposal(5) A . information Binterference Centertainment Dequivalent(6) A. by B. into C. from D. over(7) A. linked B. directed C. chained D. pared(8) A. dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve(9) A. recall B. suggest C. select D. realize(10)A. released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered(11)A. carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in(12) A. In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In cintrast(13) A. trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. peting(14) A. caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience(15) A. on B. after C. beyond D. across(16) A. divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united(17) A. frequently B. incidentally C. occassionally D. eventually(18) A. skepticism B. tolerence C. indifference D. enthusiasm(19) A. manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible(20) A. invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A.Our math test started and I was sitting there and working away quite quickly. I looked around with 15 minutes left, because I had finished and was checking my test.I noticed something very special!Mr. Ward was staring right at one of the kids that seemed to be only halfway done with his test. Every test we took, there was always one guy scrambling at the last minute to finish his test. He would turn the pages and you saw blank spot after blank spot. Sometimes I even saw entire pages that were left blank. Mr. Ward did not take his eyes off this kid. It seemed strange to me. For the rest of the test, Mr. Ward watched that kid as he struggled furiously, tapping papers back and forth and writing furiously and erasing even more furiously. He seemed to use his calculator a lot more than he needed.After the test was finished, Mr. Ward gave his end of the year speech, basically alongthe lines of good luck and good job. Then I saw him go to the kid he was watching and tell the kid to go into the hall.Mr. Ward walked out of the room and went into the hall silently. He closed the doorand from that moment on, I heard about 4 minutes of Mr. Ward shouting at kid. He got his test torn up and a zero for the end of the year exam and also failed for the term and had to take summer school.That was the first and the last time that I had seen Mr. Ward ever yell like that.Obviously the guy had written his answers inside the sleeve of the calculator and every time he was “using his calculator” he was really looking at the formulas and other information he had written inside of the sleeve, which was all in vain because Mr. Ward spotted it a mile away.21. From this passage we know that .A. Mr. Ward disliked his studentsB. the student Mr. Ward was staring at wasnt good at mathematics at allC. the student Mr. Ward was noticing was working at his test quicklyD. the author was trying to help the kid out22. The underlined word “lines” in paragraph 4 refers to .A. the math exams B. the summer schoolC. the math papers D. Mr. Wards speech23. The student used his calculator again and again because he .A. intended to attract Mr. Wards attentionB. needed to calculateC. wanted to glance at what he had hidden inside the sleeve of the calculatorD. felt too frightened to use it properly with Mr. Ward staring at him.24. We can infer from this passage that .A. Mr. Ward was working as a math teacher for a long time.B. the student was asking the author for help when caught cheating in the exam.C. Mr. Ward regretted not having let the student pass the examD. the students were taking their final-term math exam. BA New Island for IcelandReykjavik, November 16, 1963Today I have seen a new land on fire rising from the sea a new creation making its mark on the map of the world.It has been clear and fine in the south of Iceland and this was an unforgettable sight asthe steam clouds from the submarine volcano close to the Westman Islands rose to 25,000 feet.The new island is now 1,500 feet long and 130 feet above sea level where the depth is60 fathoms. It is rising still and today it has been observed from ships and aircraft.The south of Iceland, where the capital, Reykjavik, is situated, is always liable to earthquakes and eruptions. Today, from the coast about 50 miles form Reykjavik, I watched the column of steam, black then white, ever changing and rising. It remindedme of the column from an atomic bomb, though certainly more beautiful and muchwilder. At the top the rays of the setting sun may be seen like a crown to the newborn island.Thousands of people in cars, eager to see this wonder of Nature, are leaving the cityof Reykjavik for the coast.Many people said Iceland is getting much larger and they could not conceal their patriotic pride. Others said this would mean an increase in Icelands territorial waters. The new island would now bee the southerly part of Iceland.On the Westman Islands everyone has been out watching it. Hardly any work is done.All are spellbound.The Westman Islanders wele their new neighbour. They hope the eruption will not touch their own town, carrying ash and lava: but they are optimistic. The children have been given a holiday from school to see a sight that will remain in their memories until they are old.Scientists are also busy. Some think the island will disappear again. A coastguard hasgot to within 500 yards of the eruption. Observers aboard said that the island is made of pumice and lava. As it rises and the craters get above sea-level, the eruption gets more like a land borne volcano.Icelanders have already begun thinking about its name. Some want to name it afterOlafur Thors, who handed in his resignation as Prime Minister on the day the eruption started.Others want to name it after Saint Brandan, an Irish monk who was the first to see theocean burning near Iceland in the fifth century, 300 years before the advent of the Vikings.Icelandic and foreign ships have been warned not to approach too near this latesteruption as unexpected flood-waves might rise, and rock formations might endanger ships.Many fishermen will want to know if the eruption will influence the fishing as this isthe chief spawning-place south of Iceland. Time will show if it will harm the fishing industries of the Westman Islands or not, where hundreds of fishing boats are stationed. Travelers of many foreign nations fish these areas, among them the British.25. Icelands newborn island .A. is the only island in the south of Iceland B. is one of the two islands in this area.C. has arisen near the Westman Islands D. is 25,000 feet above sea level26. Which of the following is true?A. The newborn island might disappear some day.B. The Westman Islanders hate and fear the new creationC. The new island had resulted in the resignation of Icelands Prime Minister.D. Settlement of the island has begun.27. Fishermen pay great attention to the eruption because .A. they fear it may affect their catchesB. they are like childrenC. they want the island to be named in their honourD. Icelands territorial waters may increaseCJudging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I cant think of a single study that hasnt found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the lightbulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat ontheir sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think theyre okey because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the plexity of theday. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and munity mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. “In our society,youre considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours sleep. If youve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects througha set of psychological and performance test requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “Weve found that if youre in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”28. People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night becausethey had .A. no electric lighting B. no drive and ambitionC. the best sleep habits D. nothing to do in the evening29. According to Dr. David, Americans .A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleepC. do not know how to relax themselves properlyD. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit30. Many Americans believe that .A. they need more sleep to cope with the plexities of everyday lifeB. sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyC. to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD. enough sleep promotes peoples drive and ambition31. The word “subjects” (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to .A. the psychological consequences of sleep deficitB. special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC. people whose behavior or reactions are being studiedD. the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit DHealth food is a general term applied to all kinds of food that is considered morehealthy than the types of food sold in supermarkets. For example, whole grains, dried beans, and corn oil are health food. A narrower classification of health food is natural food. This term is used to distinguish between types of the same food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener, while refined sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives(添加剂), is into. The most exact term of all andthe narrowest classification within health food is organic food, used to describe foodthat has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruits and vegetables that are grown in gardens, that are treated only with organic fertilizers, that are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides（杀虫剂）, and that are not refined after harvest, are organic food. Meat, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are fed only on organically-grown feed and that are not injected with hormones are organic food.In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed food, or organic, unprocessed food. A wise decision should include study of the reason why processed food contains chemicals, some of which are proved to be poisonous and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed food.Bread is typically used by health food supporters as an example of a processed food. First, the seeds from which the grain is grown are treated with a chemical which is extremely harmful. Later. The grain is sprayed with a number of very deadly insecticides. After the grain has been made into flour, it is made white with another chemical which is also poisonous. Next, a dough conditioner is added along with a softener. The conditioner and softener are poisons, and in fact, the softener has sickened and killed experimental animals.A very poisonous anti-fungal pound, is added to keep the bread from gettingmoldy.Other food from the supermarket would show a similar pattern of processing and preserving. You see, we buy our food on the basis of smell, color, and texture, instead of vitamin content, and manufacturers give us what we want, even if it is poisonous. The alternative? Eat health foods, preferably the organic variety.32. What is the passage mainly about?A. Health food. B. The processing of breadC. Processed food D. Poisons33. What do all of the additives in bread have in mon?A. They are all used to keep the bread from getting moldy.B. They are all poisonous.C. They are all organic.D. They have all killed laboratory animals.34. What happens to food when it is processed?A. The basic content remains the same.B. Vitamin is not available after processing.C. The vitamin content increases a bit.D. The vitamin content is greatly reduced.35. We normally buy food on the basis of .A. organic variety B. beautyC. refined contents D. color and texture第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EMillions of people around the world cook their food over a smoky fire every day. It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend lotsof money on cooking fuel. 36.Solar cookers , or ovens , have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made thefirst solar oven in 1767. 37.People use solar ovens to cook foodand to heat drinking water to kill bacteria and other harmful organisms.There are three kinds of solar ovens. The first is a box cooker. It is designed with aspecial wall that shines or reflects sunlight into the box. Heat is trapped under a piece of glass or plastic covering the top of the cooker. The second kind of solar oven is a panel cooker. It includes several flat walls, or panels, that directly reflect the suns light onto the food. The food is inside some containers of plastic or glass that trapsheat energy. People can build panel cookers quickly and with very few supplies.38.In Kenya, for example, panel cookers are being made for just twodollars. The third kind of solar oven is a parabolic(像抛物线的)cooker. It has rounded walls that aim sunlight directly into the bottom of the oven. However, these cookersare hard to make. 39. Parabolic cookers can also cause burns and eyeinjuries if they are not used correctly.You can make solar ovens from boxes or heavy paper. 40. Paper burnsat 232. A solar cooker never gets so hot. Solar ovens cook food at low temperaturesover long periods of time. This permits people to leave food to cook while they do other things.A. They will not catch fire.B. However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun.C. Today, people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world.D. This oven is effective for slow cooking of lots of food.E. They do not cost much.F. They must be moved often to follow the sun.G. Food cooks quickly in these ovens.第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Home, sweet homeIt was December 22. The bitter wind swept the countless snowflakes acrossmy front yard. My dad was there sweeping the 41._ His nose was red as a cherry. With every breath he took, a white puff 42_ into the air.Inside, my mother was 43_ the last of the boxes. As I entered the front door,the 44_ that after today I wouldnt