大学英语语法状语从句.ppt

theAdverbial状语,句子+引导词作状语。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。,theAdverbialClauses状语从句,九种状从,时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句,WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Ifoundmanybeatifulbuildings()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourmeeting.（）4.Illspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Socleverwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.(),时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,状语从句的分类,6.Aslongasyoudontloseheart,youllsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.()9.HeistallerthanIam.(),状语从句的分类,条件,让步,方式,比较,九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词,时间状语从句,when,while,as,before,after,since,once,bythetime,till,until,notuntil,thefirst/second/lasttime,assoonas,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,nosoonerthan,everytime,eachtime,where,wherever,because,since,as,for,nowthat(既然）,inthat（因为）,if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,要)等。如：,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词,结果状语从句,sothat,sothat,suchthat,sothat,inorderthat,incase,as,asif/asthough,than,asas,notso/asas,the+比较级,the+比较级,目的状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,although,though,as,eventhough/evenif,while(虽然）,nomatter+which/what/when/where/who/how,whichever,wherever,whatever,whoever,whenever,however,whetheror；,1.Childassheis,sheknowsalotofthings.2.ThemoreIcandofortheclass,thehappierIllbe.3.Hetalksasif(asthough)heknewallaboutit.4.Heissuchagoodteacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim.5.Ishallgototheparkunlessitrains.6.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.,让步,比较,方式,结果,条件,时间,7.Wherethereiswater,thereislife.8.Hestudiedhardsothathecouldcatchupwithhisclassmates.9.Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwonttroubleyou.10.Evenif(though)Ifail.Illneverloseheart.11.Onceyoubeginthework,youmustcontinue.12.Althoughthesunwasshining,itwasntverywarm.,地点,目的,原因,让步,时间,让步,1状语从句连词的含义及用法比较；2、nomatterwh-与wh-ever引导的从句的区别；3、状语从句的时态问题；4、状语从句倒装及省略问题；5、状语从句与其它从句区别。,考点与难点归纳,时间状语从句1.Wewereswimminginthelake_suddenlythestormstarted.A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before2.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret_someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when3.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden_itwasthebesttimeforit.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.until4.DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?Yes.Itwasnotyeteightoclock_hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.thatD.until5.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal_afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.whyB.whereC.whenD.while,A,D,B,B,C,连接词when的用法小结when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。如：Whenthefilmended,theywentback.WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.2.When常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。如：wasdoingsomethingwhenwasabouttodowhenwasonthepointofdoingsth.whenhaddonewhen3.when可以表“既然”，如：HowcanIhelpthemtounderstandwhentheywontlistentome?,注意同一个从属连词的多义性：,6.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,_thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.while7._Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless8._itistruethatastudentsmostimportantgoalistodowellinhisorherstudies,itdoesntneedtobetheonlygoal.AwhenBAsCWhileDBefore25.Marymadecoffeeherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.A.sothatB.althoughC.whileD.asif,D,A,C,C,1.while可用来引导时间状语，意为“当的时候”；引导的动作必须是持续性的，如：Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。JanewasdressedinbrownwhileMarywasdressedinblue.3.while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于althoughWhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idontagreethattheycantbesolved.4趁的情况赶紧做,否则来不及了Strikewhiletheironishot.,连接词while的用法小结,1.as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一边”；随着如：Shesangasshewalkedhomealltheway.(一边一边）Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.Asshegrewolder,shebecamemorebeautiful.（随着）Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.2.as也可用来引导原因状语从句意为“因为”；如：Assheisfreetoday,shewouldliketodosomeshopping.（因为）3.as还可用来引导让步状语从句（通常用倒装结构）意为“尽管”。如：Tiredashewas,herefusedtotakearest.（尽管）Hardasheworked,hecantworkouttheproblem.Childasheis,heknowsalot.,连接词as的用法小结,连接词when,while,as的用法区别：when,while,as这三个连词都可表示“当的时候”，使用时应注意：1)when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如：Whenhecamein,wewerehavingsupper.Whenwewerehavingsupper,thelightsuddenlywentout.2)while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如：When/Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.WhilehewaswatchingTV,theboyfellasleep.3)as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行;也可表示“随着”，。Shesangasshewalkedalong.Astheelectionapproached,theviolence（暴行）gotworse.,1.DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?Yes.Igaveittoher_Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.although2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest_Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime3._enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.HehardlyhadB.HadhehardlyC.HardlyhadheD.Hardlyhehad,B,C,C,小结：1一些词，如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,nosoonerthan等也可引导时间状语从句，相当于assoonas的意思。Icameimmediatelyyoucalledmeup.2一些含有time的名词短语，如thefirst/second/lasttime,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等，也可引导时间状语从句。ThefirsttimeIdrovethecar,Ifeltverynervous.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.3.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须倒装。Hardly/scarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.,1.Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when2.Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdlistenerscuriosity_hereachestheendofthestory.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until3.Itwasnot_shetookoffherdarkglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then,C,D,B,小结：till,until和notuntil：1.until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：Wewaiteduntil/tillhecame.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：Hewontgotobeduntilherfatherreturns.3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.,1.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as2.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when3.Whydidntyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?Herushedoutoftheroom_Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after4.Itisalmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.because,C,C,A,B,1.IwassofamiliarwithhimthatIrecognizedhisvoice_Ipickedupthephone.A.whileB.afterC.incaseD.theminute2.Howlongdoyouthinkitwilltake_ourproductbecomespopularwiththeconsumersA.whenB.untilC.beforeD.since3._thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.sinceC.AsD.While4.Hewashalfwaythroughhismeal_afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.whyB.whereC.whenD.while,连接词before的小结：一、含义1Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.2Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.3Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.4BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,三1）Itwillbe/段时间before“还要过多久才”Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2）Itwas+时间段+before从句（动作已发生）Itwasthreeweeksbeforehecameback3）Itwillnotbelongbefore“不多久就会”Itwontbelongbeforeshecomesback4）Itwasnotlongbefore“不多久就了”如：Itwasntlongbeforeheleftthecountry.5）Itis时间since如：Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinthearmy.Itisthreeyearssinceshejoinedthearmy.,注意时态,条件状语从句1、Itisknowntoallthat_youexerciseregularly,youwontkeepgoodhealth.A.unlessB.wheneverC.althoughD.if2.Youwillbelate_youleaveimmediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or3.Thelittleboywontgotosleephismothertellshimastory.A.orB.unlessC.butD.whether,A,A,B,unless相当于ifnot，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。,1、_Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.A.BecauseB.AsfarasD.Evenif2、IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctors_Ihavetowait.AincaseBsothatCinorderDasif,B,A,aslongas与asfaras都可引导条件状语从句，aslongas表示“只要”，asfaras表示“就而言”。题1根据题意应该选用B。incase表示“以防”。,让步状语从句1、_Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless2、Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,_theyaredifferentfromyourown.A.untilB.evenifC.unlessD.asthough,A,B,while既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。evenif等于eventhough，表示“即使、尽管”。asthough等于asif，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。,1、Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_difficultitwas.A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverDalthough2、Theoldtowermustbesaved,_thecost.AhoweverBwhateverCwhicheverDwherever3.EnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchoose_youlike.A.nomatterwhichB.whicheverD.whatever,A,B,nomatterwh-与wh-ever的联系及区别：nomatterwh-只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh-ever通用。Nomatterwhen/Wheneverhecomesback,heshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，Nomatterwh-不能。如：Whoevercanhelpuswillbewelcome.,结果状语从句sothat,suchthat1)ItissogoodastorythatIllneverforgetit.ItissuchagoodstorythatIllneverforgetit.2)such+a+adj名词+thatclausesuch+（adj）+名词复数3)so+adj./adv.+thatclause4)so+many/few+复数名词+thatclausemuch/little+不可数名词,10.Thedaymustbebreaking,_thebirdshavebegunsinging.A.becauseB.asC.forD.since,原因状语从句,1)because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。它的语气很强，因而常用来回答why的提问。它表示原因的语气最强。如：Hedidntcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.2)since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”如：Sinceyouarehere,whynotstayforafewmoredays?3)as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”。如：Asitsgettingdarker,wemustgohomenow.4)for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet,目的状语从句,.Ihurried_Iwouldntbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unlessYoumustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat(lest)heshouldforgetit.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.,比较状语从句,（asas,notas(so)as,more/-erthan,lessthan1)Hedoesntworksohardasyoudo.2)ThereisasmuchinkinbottleAasinbottleB.3)Themoreyouworry,thelessyoullsucceed.4)Goldismuchheavierthananyothermetal.26.Ihaveseldomseenmymotherpleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow.A.soB.veryC.tooD.rather,方式状语从句1)YoumusttrytodoasIdid.2)LetsdoasMrs.Liteachesus.*3)Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.(好象),1.Afterthewar，anewschoolbuildingwasputup_therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when2.-DontlookdownuponBob.Hehashisownadvantages.-Oh,yes._othersareweak,heisstrong.A.IfB.WhenC.WhereD.Though3.-Thethreadofmykitebrokeanditflewaway.-Ihadtoldyouitwouldeasilybreak_itwastheweakestA.whenB.whereC.unlessD.since,地点状语从句,地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where，whereverWhere-在地方，Wherever-无论哪里1.Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.3.Hefollowsherwherevershegoes.4.Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.,状语从句的时态问题1、Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone_somequickrepairwork.AhasdoneBisdoingCdoesDhaddone2、Itisalmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when,在条件，时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。在since引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。,C,B,状语从句的倒装问题1、Sodifficult_ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel2、Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize,D,A,状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：否定词开头；notuntilso加adj.开头；as/though引导的让步状语从句。特别注意：HardlywhenNosoonerthanChildasheis,Hardlyhadhegottothestationwhenthetrainleft.Nosoonerhadhegottothestationthanthetrainleft.Childasheis,hecanspeaksevenforeignlanguages.,WhilewatchingTV,_.AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings,C,状语从句省略问题,1：如果主从句主语一致，从句中又有“be”时，省略主语和be。Whilestillastudent,sheplayedmanyroles.Whentoldthesecret,hewassurprised.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnightIf(youare)asked,youmaycomein.2：从句中可省略it+是。Youcanturntomeforhelpifnecessary.If(itis)necessary/possible.Illexplainittoyouagain.,状语从句省略问题,状语从句与并列句的区别1、Thoughheisinhissixties,_heworksashardasayoungmanA.yetB.butC.andD.andyet2、Excusemeforbreakingin,_Ihavesomenewsforyou.A.soB.andC.butD.yet,题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词and;or;but;so等。yet是副词，只有yet可以与though连用。题2为并列句，而“Excuse,but”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。,A,C,对比训练与巩固,1.Wewereabouttoleave_itbegantorain.2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,_,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.3.HardlyhadIfinishedmycomposition_thebellrang.A.whenB.whileC.asD.during,A,B,A,1.Child_sheis,sheknowalot.2.Hedidtheexperiment_hewastold.3.Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper,butnot_good.A.duringB.asC.ifD.though,B,B,B,1.Hewouldhavealookatthebookstores_hewenttotown.2.Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,_happens.3.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,weovercomeanydifficulty,_greatitis.4.Illgivethebookto_likesEnglish.A.wheneverB.whoeverC.whateverD.however,A,C,D,B,1.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_greatitis.2.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_greatitis.3.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_difficultyitis.4.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_difficultyitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever,B,C,D,A,1.Itwillbeyears_wemeetagain.2.Itistenyears_Icametothistown.3.Itistenyearsago_Icametothistown.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since,C,D,B,Goandgetyourcoat.Itis_youleftit.2.Youarefreetogo_youlike.A.thereB.whereC.whereverD.when,B,C,1.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish_allofuscanreadit.2.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish_allofuscanread.A.thatB.whichC.asD.sothat,A,C,A,_Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.WhileB.sinceC.BeforeD.Unless2.Theworkersaredeterminedtogothroughwiththeirrailwayproject,_theexpenseshaverisen.A.aslongasB.eventhoughC.nowthatD.asthough3.Ireallywantthematch,howevermuch_.A.doesitcostB.costsitC.willitcostD.itcosts,4._wehavefinishedthecourse,weshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork.A.FornowB.NowthatC.BynowD.until5._,theideaofhavingtoworkunderawomandefeatedhim.A.WantingthejobverymuchB.AlthoughwantingthejobbadlyC.ThoughhewantedthejobverymuchD.Hewantedthejobbadly,Rosesneedspecialcare_theycanlivethroughwinter.A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as2.Ifthingsareleft_theyare,theproblemswillneverbesettled,Imafraid.A.howB.asC.whatD.where3.Carefulsurveyshavepointedoutthatasmanyas50percentofthepatientsdonottakedrugs_directed.A.likeB.soC.whichD.as4.Idarenotgothere_myparentswillseeme.A.incaseofB.forfearofC.inorderthatD.forfearthat,综合练习,时间状语从句,Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusilydryingmyselfwithatowel_Iheardthesteps.A.whileB.whenC.sinceD.after选择答案B,时间状语从句,Ordinarysoftdrinksenterhumanbodythroughstomach_alcoholgoesdirectlyintothebloodsystem.A.untilB.whileC.asD.before选择答案B,时间状语从句,TheAppleCompanyh