大学英语二讲稿第六单元.pptVIP

大学英语二Unit6喻晓元,TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRobotics,1.常考单词：efficiency，increasingly，installPersonnel，expose，reduction，Completion，specific，switch，critical，intensity，scale，defective2.常考词组：inthat，inquestion，plentyof，,3.常考句子：,1)Mostoftodaysrobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry，wheretheyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.2)Robots，alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefieldarebeginningtobeseen，althoughtoalesserdegree，inotherindustriesaswell.3)Therobotsusedinnuclearpowerplantshandletheradioactivematerials，preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation.4)Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask，theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.5)Engineersskilledinmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnologyaredevelopingartificialvisionforrobots.6)Withtheabilityto“see”，robotscanidentifyandinspectonespecificclassofobjectsoutofastackofdifferentkindsofmaterials.7)Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.,课文简介,机器人在工业生产中的使用越来越普遍。目前大多数的机器人用于汽车工业，此外在别的工业领域虽然应用的程度低一些，（althoughtoalesserdegree）但也开始出现。它们已经可以代替人进行一些工作。那么机器人与自动化机械有什么不同呢？它们的不同在于机器人完成某一特定任务后，可由计算机重新编制程序去完成另一项任务。现在科学家与工程技术人员正在研制新一代机器人，使机器人具有视觉、有触觉、并且能够做出关键性的决策。未来机器人将会在许多领域代替人的工作。Paras.1-3RobotsareusedinmanyareasPara.4Thedifferencebetweenrobotsandothermachines.Paras.5-7Techniciansandengineersaretryingtodesignnewtypesofrobots.（willbeabletoseeobjects；willhaveasenseoftouch；willmakecriticaldecisions.）,词汇精讲：,1.efficiency:n效率efficient:a高效率的；inefficient:a效率低的；inefficiency:n;effective:a有效果的1).Hehasdonemuchtoincreasethe_ofEnglishteaching.2).Sheisvery_inreducingwaste.3).His_studymethodcausedhisfailure.4).Thecitygovernmenttooksome_measurestoreduceunemployment.Answers:efficiency,efficient;inefficient,effective,2.increasingly:ad不断增加地increase：v增加;increasing:a不断增加的;decrease:v减少；1).Drinkingandsmokingamongyoungpeople_toanalarmingextent.2).Thetruthisbecoming_apparent.3).The_friendlyrelationsbetweenthetwocountriesstrengthentheculturalexchangesbetweenthem.3.prevalent:a流行的，普通的=popular4.calculator:n计算者，计算器，calculate:v计算；calculation:n计算;calculating:a诡计多端的,5.expose:v使暴露，揭露，揭发，exposure:n;exposesbtosth让某人接触pletion:n完成、结束，complete:v完成，a完整的，completeness:n完整；incomplete:a不完整的1).He_deniedtheexistenceofgod.2).Hehasnever_aprojectontime.3).Moneywillbepaidhalfinadvanceandhalfon_.(先付一半定金，另一半等事情完成之后再付）4).Whenwillthenewrailway_?答案：completely,completed,completion,becompleted(v),7).intensity:n强烈、剧烈，intense=strong:a强烈的,intensive:a密集的，加强的；intensify:v加强；intension:n强烈、紧张。1).Weshould_thestruggleforpeace.2).Therearefewstrongsituationsormomentsofdramatic_.3).Theyhavebeenreceivingafour-day_trainingcourse.4).Theykeptworkinginthe_heat.Answers:intensify,intensity,intensive,intense,8.defective:a有缺点的，defect:n缺点9.assemble:v集合、装配；assembly:n装配10.exposesth/sbtosth:暴露，面临、遭受1).Peopleoftenexposetheirskintothesuninsummer.2).Ihat:在于，因为1).Ilikethecountrybetterinthatitisclosertonature.12.inquestion:正被谈论的，正被考虑的(通常放在被修饰名词后面)Weknownothingabouttheplaninquestion.,AnalyzethedifficultsentencesTextA(Unit6),1.Mostoftodaysrobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry,wheretheyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.(p2)翻译：今天大多数机器人用于汽车工业，它们按照编好的程序接任了汽车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。分析：该句的考点是where引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰intheautomotiveindustry。另外请注意几个词的用法：employ:v雇佣，使用，相当于use;program:v编写程序；takeover:接管、接收、接任，如：Doyouwantmetotakeoverthedrivingifyouaretired?such.as例如，weldingandspraypainting是动名词，做宾语。,2.Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield,arebeginningtobeseen,althoughtoalesserdegree,inotherindustriesaswell.(p3)翻译：除了在汽车生产领域替代人工劳动外，机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用程度低一些。分析：该句考点如下：alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield是现在分词短语做定语；tobeseen不定式的被动概念；althoughtoalesserdegree让步状语，toalesserdegree是表示：在更小的程度上，反义词：toalargerdegree.,3.Therobotsusedinnuclearpantshandletheradioactivematerials,preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation.(p3)翻译：核电站里使用机器人处理辐射材料，避免人员接触放射性物质。分析：主语：Therobots；谓语：handle；宾语：theradioactivematerials；usedinnuclearpantshandletheradioactivematerials是过去分词短语做定语；preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation是现在分词短语做伴随状语。beingexposedto动名词被动语态；preventsbfromdoing阻止某人做某事。,4.Robotsdifferformautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.(p4)翻译：机器人与自动化装置的区别在于它们完成一项特定任务后可以由计算机重新编程去执行另一项任务。分析：该句重要考点：inthat,相当于because,所引导从句表原因。如：Menaredifferentfromotheranimalsinthattheformercancreateandusetoolswhilethelattercannot.,5.Itisnotyetknownwhetherrobotswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision.(p5)翻译：人们不知道是否有一天机器人能具有像人类一样好的视觉。分析：该句的主语是whether引导的主语从句。（有关知识请见课后补充语法。），it是形式主语；asgoodashumanvision是后置定语修饰vision;,6.Engineersworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentingwithnewtypesofmetalhandsandfingers,givingrobotsasenseoftouch.(p6)翻译：在其他方面努力取得进展的工程人员正在设计和实验新的金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。分析：请注意该句中几个-ing的区别：workingonotheradvances是非谓语动词中的现在分词；aredesigningandexperimenting是谓语动词的进行时态；givingrobotsasenseoftouch是非谓语动词的现在分词做结果状语。词组：experimentwithsth实验。,7.Thesefuturerobots,assembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisions,willhaveplentyofworktodo.(p7)翻译：未来具有触觉、视觉并能决策的机器人将可以做很多工作。分析：主语：Thesefuturerobots；谓语：willhave；宾语：plentyofworktodo。assembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisions是过去分词短语做定语，修饰主语，其中动词不定式toseeandmakedecisions是另外一个定语，修饰theability.词组：beassembledwithsth=beequippedwthsth装备有。；asenseoftouch触觉，同样的短语还有：asenseofsight/hearing/smell/taste:视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉；asenseofhumor/direction:幽默感/方向感。makedecisions做出决定；plentyofsth充足的，足够的,8.Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.(p7)翻译：任何希望了解未来工业的人必须懂机器人。分析：这句话是国考题目中常考的。考点：wantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuture，是现在分词短语做定语，修饰anyone.词组：knowaboutsth了解。，懂得。,TextBPredictingEarthquakes,Keywordsandphrases1.warning:n警告，warn:v警告，warnsbnottodosth;givesbawarning2.shift:v/n替换，转移，改变，转变，轮班1).Therehasbeenashiftinfashionfromformaltomoreinformaldress.2).Thewindshiftedfromeasttonorth.3).Sheworksthedayshiftandherhusbandworksthenightshift.3.speculate:v思索、推测，speculateon/upon/aboutsth,speculation:n,speculator:n4.datum:n资料、数据，复数形式：data;又如：bacterium:细菌，bacteria;medium,media.,5.reliability:n可靠性，reliable:a可靠的，unreliable:a不可靠的6.partial:a偏袒的，部分的，bepartialtosb.7.up-to-date:a最新的，outofdate:过时的，todate:至今1).Willlongdressgooutofdatenextyear?2).Todate,wehavenotreceivedanyrepliesfromhim.3).Shealwayswearsclothesthatarerightuptodate.8.analyze:v分析，analysis:n，复数形式：analyses.9.workon:从事；对有影响1).Thescientisthasbeenworkingonenvironmentalprotectionformanyyears.2).Thesufferingsofthepoorworkedonourfeelingssomuchthatwegavethemallthehelpwecould.,10.setsthup:设立、建立、提出1).Astatuewassetupinthecenterofthecity.2).Manycountriesagreedtosetupaninternationalorganizationtokeeppeace.3).Einsteinsetupmanyimportanttheories.,Analyzethedifficultsentences:(Unit6TextB),1.Scientistsareworkingonprogramtopredictwhereandwhenanearthquakewilloccur.(P1)翻译：科学家们正致力于研究预报地震何时何地发生的计划。分析：Scientistsareworkingonprogram是句子的主体部分，topredictwhereandwhenanearthquakewilloccur是动词不定式做定语，修饰program.其中，whereandwhenanearthquakewilloccur是动词predict的宾语从句，注意疑问句的语序。词组：workon:从事，对有影响，如：Thesufferingsofthepoorworkedonourfeelingssomuchthatwegavethemallthehelpwecould.,2.Theyhopetodevelopanearlywarningsystemthatcanbeusedtoforecastearthquakessothatlivingcanbesaved.(P1)翻译：他们希望研究出一种早期警报系统，用来预报地震，以挽救人们的生命。分析：该句中that引导的定语从句修饰anearlywarningsystem，另外，sothat引导目的状语从句。注意，情态动词的被动语态在这句话中的用法。3.TwoofthebiggestearthquakesthatwereeverrecordedtookplaceinChinaandAlaska.(P2)翻译：有记载的两次最大的地震发生在中国和阿拉斯加。分析：主语Twoofthebiggestearthquakes，谓语tookplace。该句考点，形容词最高级，thebiggest;thatwereeverrecorded是定语从句；wererecorded表示“被记录”；词组：takeplace发生、举行，请注意：该词无被动语态。如：GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinBeijinginrecentyears.,4.ThenationsthatareactivelyinvolvedinearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan,.(P4)翻译：积极参与地震预报研究的国家包括日本。分析：该句考点，词组beinvolvedinsth参与或beactivelyinvolvedinsth积极地参与如：Allthecountriesintheworldshouldbeactivelyinvolvedinprotectingtheenvironment.,5.Thesenetworksareonthealertforwarningsignsthatshowtheweakeningofrocklayersthatcanprecedeanearthquake.(P4)翻译：这些网络一直处于戒备状态，搜索着警告的迹象，这些迹象显示出在地震前可能发生岩层松动状况。分析：这句话的主干是Thesenetworksareonthealertforwarningsigns，它后面是两个套在一起的定语从句，均是由that引导的，第一个修饰warningsigns；第二个修饰theweakeningofrocklayers。词组：onthealert:警戒、防备着如：Passengersonbusesshouldbeonthealertagainstpick-pockets.6.Theywatchforchangesinthewaterlevelandtemperaturethatareassociatedwithmovementalongfaults.(P4)翻译：他们密切注意与断层运动有关的水位和水温的变化。分析：词组：watchfor密切注意；beassociatedwith同有关系。,7.Everyoneagreesthatearthquakescannotbepredictedwithanyreliability.(P6)翻译：人们都认为不可能可靠地预报地震。分析：that引导的是宾语从句，其中cannotbe不可能，表示推测语气；withanyreliability带有任何可能性。8.Whilethisisasmallstart,itisstillabeginning.(p6)翻译：尽管这是一个小的开端，但毕竟只是处于初始阶段。分析：本句中的while意思是“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。请看下面的句子，区分while含义：1).WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,ImetanE.T.2).IlikewatchingTVwhilemyhusbandlikesplayingchessinthesparetime.3).Whilehehastriesseveraltimes,hestillfailsagain.,与本文有关的历年考题,1.Mosttodaysrobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry，_theyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypainting.（99.4）A.asB.whichC.whenD.where答案：D考点：where引导的非限定定语从句，修饰automotiveindustry.2.Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesin_aftercompletionofonespecifictask，theycanbereprogrammedtobeanotherone.（00.4）A.whichB.thatC.howD.whether答案：B考点：inthat复合连词引导原因状语从句，表示“在于”。3.Robots，alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield，arebeginning_（see）inotherindustriesaswell.（00.4）（01.10）答案：tobeseen考点：begintodosth.所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式。,4.Anyone_（want）tounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.（00.10）（01.4）答案：wanting考点：现在分词短语作定语修饰anyone.5.Thenationsthat_actively_（involve）inearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan，China，Russia，andtheUnitedStates.答案：areinvolved考点：词组：beinvolvedinsth.6.汉译英：机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？（00.10）答案：Inwhatfieldwillrobotstakeoverhumantasks？7.Itisnotyetknown_computerswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how答案：A考点：whether引导的主语从句。,8.Robots，_（become）increasinglyprevalentinfactoriesandindustrialplantsthroughoutthedevelopedworld，areprogrammedandengineeredtoperformindustrialtaskswithouthumanintervention.答案：becoming考点：现在分词作状语。9.Robots，becoming_（increase）prevalentinfactories，areprogrammedandengineeredtodomorejobs.答案：increasingly9.Therenetworksareonthe_forwarningsignsthatshowtheweakeningofrocklayersthatcanprecedeanearthquake.（01.10）A.eagernessB.alarmC.alertD.guard答案：C考点：TextB中的短语onthealert,10.汉译英：近年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。Inrecentyears，theapplicationofcomputersisbecomingwiderandwiderinallfields.Inrecentyears，computersareusedmoreandmorewidelyinallfields.Inrecentyears，computershavebeenincreasinglyusedinallfields.,补充练习,一、单词、词组英译汉efficiencyincreasinglyinstallpersonnelexposereductioncompletionspecificswitchcriticalintensityscaledefectiveinthatinquestionplentyof二、汉译英1.近几年，机器人的应用越来越广泛和深入。Inrecentyears，theuseofrobotsisbecomingincreasinglywideranddeeper.Robotsareusedmoreandmorewidelyanddeeplyinrecentyears.Robotshavebeenincreasinglyusedwideranddeeperinrecentyears.2.新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。Thenewly-developedrobotshaveasenseoftouch，areabletoseeobjects，andcanmakedecisionaswell.3.机器人在汽车行业应用广泛。Robotsareemployedwidelyintheautomotiveindustry.Theuseofrobotsintheautomotiveindustryisprevalent.4.感光材料、数字照相机都是照相器材。Light-sensitivematerialsanddigitalcamerasareallphotographicequipment.5.机器人与自动化机器有重大的区别。Thereisasignificantdifferencebetweenrobotsandautomaticmachines.Therearemajordifferencesbetweenrobotsandautomaticmachines.,课后练习答案,TextAExercisesfortheTextI.1.a2.c3.c4.c5.bII.1.o8.discard9.defective10.assembleIII.1.d2.f3.b4.j5.c6.i7.e8.g9.h10.aIV.not;use;sign;one;meant;end;him,V.1.Theapplicationof