初中英语语法大全形容词副词.ppt

每日一句：LifeislikeliveTVshow.Thereisnorehearsal.人生没有彩排，只有现场直播。人生没有机会重来，所以把每一件事请尽力做到最好！live(adj)现场直播的；rehearsalrh:sl(n.)排练,歌曲欣赏Heartbeats是由瑞典流行乐手（AmyDiamond）于2009年在专辑SwingsAndRoundabouts发布的单曲，拥有全美18张白金唱片认证，荣获5座格莱美奖与24座Dove奖肯定的才女歌手AmyGrant温柔的嗓音，带有一股宁静力，叫人听了这首歌曲能感觉到歌曲中传递的那种快乐、平安与希望。,AdjectivesandAdverbs形容词、副词,区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词already常用于肯定句、个别疑问句yet常用于否定句、疑问句*Thetrainhasalreadygone.*Theyhaventcomebackyet.such修饰名词so修饰形容词、副词*Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.*ThisboxissoheavythatIcantcarryit.,alone(单独、独自)作表语=byoneselflonely(孤独的)可作表语、定语*Helivedalone,buthedidntfeellonely.*Itsalonelyvillage.hard(努力地)hardly(几乎不)否定副词*Sheworksveryhard,andhehardlyhasarestonSundays.,形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成,规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词1)一般情况加er或estfastfasterfastesthighhigherhighestclevercleverercleverest,规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词2)以字母e结尾加r或stfinefinerfinestlatelaterlatestnicenicernicest,规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词3)重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加er或estfatfatterfattestbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest,规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词4)以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加er或estearlyearlierearliesteasyeasiereasiestluckyluckierluckiest,规则变化部分双音节和多音节词在词前加more或mostslowly-moreslowly-mostslowlyeasily-moreeasily-mosteasilycarefully-morecarefully-mostcarefully,不规则变化good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthest(farfurtherfurthest)bad/badly/illworseworst,形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法,1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词than引导，表示“较”或“更一些”的意思*Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.*LiLeijumpedfartherthanJim(did).,2)表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围*ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.*Lucysings(the)bestofall.*Heisthemostcarefulamongus.,3)在表示“和一样”和“不及”这类概念时，可以用“as+原级+as”和“notas（so）+原级+as”的句型*Ourteacherisasbusyasbefore.*Hedoesnotrunso(as)fastasI.,4)可用much,still,alittle,even,far,threeyears等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级*SheismuchtallerthanMrs.Liu.*HeisthreeyearsolderthanI.*Thisproblemisalittlemoredifficultthantheotherone.,5)几种比较级的使用句型1.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”*YourEnglishisgettingbetterandbetter.你的英语越来越好了。*ThesedaysmoreandmorepeoplearelearningEnglish.现在学英语的人越来越多了。,2.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越就越”*Themore,thebetter.越多越好。*Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越高兴。,3.“more(less)than”表示“不止，不到”*Sheismorethanthirty.她三十多岁了。*Thelightestweighslessthan50kilograms.最轻的不到五十公斤。,4.“moreorless”表示“差不多，或多或少”*Theproblemismoreorlesssolved.这个问题差不多已经解决了。*Isitstraight?Moreorless.它直吗？差不多吧。,6)注意点形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词*Thispenisshorterthanthatone.*TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.,3.用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级*Whoistaller,MaryorJane?*Whichisbiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?,7)掌握几种同义句转换1.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heisthetallest(student)inhisclass.,3.IprefermathstoEnglish.=IlikemathsbetterthanEnglish.4.Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry.=Theboxissoheavythathecantcarryit.=Theboxisnotlightenoughforhimtocarry.,Exercises,选择()1Whogetshomeusually_inyourfamily?A.thelatestB.laterC.earlyD.aslate()2Themorewelookedatthepicture,_.A.welikeitlessB.thelesswelikeditC.betterwelikeditD.itlookedbetter()3Whatapity.Lucyran_thanLily.A.afewmoreslowlyB.alittlemoreslowlyC.muchmoreslowlyD.littleslowlier,A,B,B,()4Dontworry.Yourbabyislookedafter_here,thenursearevery_.A.careful,carefullyB.carefully,carefulC.care,carelessD.careless,care()5Theideabecame_.Hewantedtotry_.A.strangly,itoutB.strangly,outitC.strange,itoutD.strange,outit()6Beijingis_biggestcitiesinChina.A.thefirstB.oneofC.thesecondD.second,B,C,C,用词的适当形式填空1Heworksvery_.He_hasarestonSunday.(hard)2_,hedidntfailintheexam.(luck)3Hewasso_thathecouldntbelievethis_news.(surprise)4Hewontdoit.Iwontdoit,_.(too),hard,hardly,Luckily,surprised,surprising,either,5Mr.Greenisfeeling_enoughtogotowork.(good)6Theoldmanlooksvery_thanyouthink.(friend)7Thisboxisnotso_asthatone.(heavy)8Lucyjumped_ofthefour.(high),well,morefriendly,heavy,highest,Pronouns代词,代词的分类人称代词PersonalPronouns物主代词PossessivePronouns反身代词SelfPronouns不定代词IndefinitePronouns指示代词DemonstrativePronouns疑问代词InterrogativePronouns,人称代词PersonalPronouns数单数复数人称一二三一二三主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyourthem,1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格*Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他。*Shegavethebookstoyouandme.这些书是她送给你和我的。,2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格*Whosknockingatthedoor?Itsme.谁敲门？-是我。3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”*You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜欢音乐。,4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等*Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshellbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。*Theshipisleaving.ShesonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。,5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等*Whattheweatherliketoday?Itswindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。*Itsaboutfiveminuteswalkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。,6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳*Itshardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。*Itsgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。,物主代词PossessivePronouns形容词性名词性mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs,1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语*Mybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是个工人。*Hisparentsareveryfriendly.他的父母非常友善。,2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语*Whosedictionaryisthis?Itsmine.这字典是谁的？-我的。*Ourroomisbigandtheirsissmall.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*Youmayusemypen.Illusehers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。,3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。*Thesebooksarentours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)*Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours),4.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属*Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。*Tomisafriendofmine我的一个朋友,反身代词SelfPronouns单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves,1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语*Hethinksmoreofothersthanofhimself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。*Thatpoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。*Hehimselfwasadoctor.他本人就是一个大夫。*Imyselfcanworktheproblemout.我能亲自算出这道题,2.反身代词有以下常见搭配enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimebyoneself=alonehelponeselftolearnsth.byoneself=teachoneselfsth.注意：oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.,不定代词IndefinitePronouns不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词,几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/anysome（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中*Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句*Doyouhaveanypicture-books?,注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中*Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？*MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？*CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？*Willyougivemesomewater?你能给我些水吗？,2.many/muchmany修饰或指代复数名词*Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.*Manyofuslikeplayinggames.much修饰或指代不可数名词*HedoesntknowmuchEnglish.,3.another/otheranother泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个*Idontwantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的*Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?,4.theother/others/theotherstheother1.特指两个中的另一个*Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些*Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.,others泛指其他的人或物*Heoftenhelpsothers.*Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物*Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.,5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew修饰可数名词little/alittle修饰不可数名词few,little表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”,*Therearefewpeoplelivinghere.这里几乎没人住。*Thereareafewstudentsintheclassroom.教室里有一些学生。*IknowlittleEnglish.我不懂英语。*Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。,few和little与quite或only连用时，常加不定冠词a*Therearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.图书馆里颇有些新书。,6.every/eachevery单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用*Everychildlikesplayinggames.each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用*Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.*Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.,7.all/noneall“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前*WeareallfromCanada.TheyalllikeEnglish.none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）*Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.,8.both/either/neitherboth“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数*Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数*Neitheranswerisright.,either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数*Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.,有关词组及应用A.bothof/eitherof/neitherof*Bothofthemswimwell.他们俩都游得很好。*EitherofyougoestoBeijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。*Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。,B.bothand（谓语动词用复数形式）eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)*BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.Tom和Lucy都在二年级。*Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。*NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都没空。,9.Something/anything/nothingSomebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置*Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.*Isthereanythingelseinthebox?*Nobodycananswerthequestion.,指示代词DemonstrativePronouns表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物that,those指在方位上较远的人或物*Thisismyshirt,thatsyours.*TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.,2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.Imsorrytohearthat.,疑问代词InterrogativePronouns用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主语宾语定语表语*Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?做主语*Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?做宾语,*WhichbusdoIneed?做定语*Whatsyourfather?做表语注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用Whom*Withwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(错),2.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone=Thisfilmisntasinterestingasthatone=Thatfilmismoreinterestingthanthisone.,改错1Dontworry.Thereislittletimeleft.2Hisbookisquitedifferentfromme.3Shehastwocats.Oneiswhite,anotherisblack.,Dontworry.Thereisalittletimeleft.,Hisbookisquitedifferentfrommine,Shehastwocats.Oneiswhite,theotherisblack.,4Ihaveinterestingsomethingtotellyou.5Pleasegivemeit.6Everyofuswantstohavealookatyourphoto.,Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.,Pleasegiveittome,Eachof