MATLAB上机实习报告.doc

Matlab上机实习实习报告十八周我们进行了本学期的第二次实习Matlab上机实习。本次实习一星期，共实习了五个部分。分别是：一，Matlab基本操作；二，数值数组及其运算；三，Matlab图形绘制基础；四：SIMULINK仿真基础；五：句柄图形和图形用户界面制作。下面分别介绍各部分内容：实习内容一 Matlab基本操作1.实习目的:l 掌握Matlab的启动和退出；l 熟悉的命令窗口；l 熟悉其它常用窗口和工具栏；2.输入一段程序:t=0:pi/50:4*pi;y0=exp(-t/3);y=exp(-t/3).*sin(3*t); plot(t,y,-r,t,y0,:b,t,-y0,:b)输出结果:3.了解文件中的一些功能和指令.例如:clear 清除当前工作区中所有变量 clc 清除指令窗内容 clf 清除图形窗口 cd 设置当前工作目录exit,quit 退出MATLAB实习内容二 数值数组及其运算1.实习目的l 掌握一维数组的创建和寻访l 掌握二维数组的创建和寻访l 掌握MATLAB的矩阵和数组的运算l 熟悉MATLAB关系操作和逻辑操作2. 要求在闭区间0,2pi上产生50个等距采样的一维数组A，试用两种不同的指令实现。要访问1到5元素如何实现；寻访7到最后一个元素如何实现；寻访第2.6.8个元素如何实现;寻访大于2的元素如何实现;给第3.5.9个元素赋值100如何实现:(1) A=linspace(0,2*pi,50); A=0:(50/49):50; AA = Columns 1 through 9 0 1.0204 2.0408 3.0612 4.0816 5.1020 6.1224 7.1429 8.1633 Columns 10 through 18 9.1837 10.2041 11.2245 12.2449 13.2653 14.2857 15.3061 16.3265 17.3469 Columns 19 through 27 18.3673 19.3878 20.4082 21.4286 22.4490 23.4694 24.4898 25.5102 26.5306 Columns 28 through 36 27.5510 28.5714 29.5918 30.6122 31.6327 32.6531 33.6735 34.6939 35.7143 Columns 37 through 45 36.7347 37.7551 38.7755 39.7959 40.8163 41.8367 42.8571 43.8776 44.8980 Columns 46 through 50 45.9184 46.9388 47.9592 48.9796 50.0000(2) whos A A(1:5)ans = 0 1.0204 2.0408 3.0612 4.0816(3) A(7:50)ans = Columns 1 through 8 6.1224 7.1429 8.1633 9.1837 10.2041 11.2245 12.2449 13.2653 Columns 9 through 16 14.2857 15.3061 16.3265 17.3469 18.3673 19.3878 20.4082 21.4286 Columns 17 through 24 22.4490 23.4694 24.4898 25.5102 26.5306 27.5510 28.5714 29.5918 Columns 25 through 32 30.6122 31.6327 32.6531 33.6735 34.6939 35.7143 36.7347 37.7551 Columns 33 through 40 38.7755 39.7959 40.8163 41.8367 42.8571 43.8776 44.8980 45.9184 Columns 41 through 44 46.9388 47.9592 48.9796 50.0000(4) A(2 6 8)ans = 1.0204 5.1020 7.1429(5) poison=find(A2)poison = Columns 1 through 14 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Columns 15 through 28 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Columns 29 through 42 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Columns 43 through 48 45 46 47 48 49 50(6) A(3 5 9)=100(7) A=1 2 3;4 5 6A = 1 2 3 4 5 63. 在指令窗口输入A=1 2 3；4 5 6 观察结果：分别用“全坐标”“单坐标”来寻访第2行第1列的元素，并说明二维数组元素的存储顺序。 A(2,1)ans = 4 A(2)ans =44.在指令框中输入B=1,2,3;6,7,8,并计算A.*B和A*B B=1 2 3;6 7 8B = 1 2 3 6 7 8 A.*Bans =1 4 9 24 35 48 A*Bans = 14 4432 1075.输入以下程序: clear a=2; w=3; t=0:0.01:10; y=exp(-a*t).*sin(w*t); y_max,i_max=max(y); t_text=t=,num2str(t(i_max); y_text=y=,num2str(y_max); max_text=char(maxmum,t_text,y_text);tit=y=exp(-,num2str(a),t)*sin(,num2str(w),t); plot(t,zeros(size(t),k) hold on plot(t,y,b) plot(t(i_max),y_max,r,MarkerSize,20) text(t(i_max)+0.3,y_max+.05,max_text) title(tit),xlabel(t),ylabel(y),hold off实习内容三 MATLAB图形制基础1.实习目的:l 进一步熟悉M文件测试过程l 熟练掌握MATLAB二维图线的绘制l 掌握图形的修饰2.用plot绘制y=sinx/x的图形x=-2*pi:pi/10:2*pi;x=x+(x=0)*eps;y=sin(x)./x;plot(x,y)3.画出(0,pi)包罗线t=(0:pi/100:pi);y1=sin(t);y=-sin(t);y2=sin(t).*sin(9*t);t3=pi*(0:9)/9;y3=sin(t3).*sin(9*t3);plot(t,y1,r:,t,y,r:,t,y2,b,t3,y3,bo),axis(0,pi,-1,1)gtext(该点数值x) 4.ezplot用作图ezplot(sin(x)/x,-4*pi,4*pi)5.fplot用作图fplot(sin(x)/x,-2*pi,2*pi)6.三维曲线绘图:(1)基本命令t=-2*pi:0.01:2*pi;x=2*cos(t);y=2*sin(t),z=3*t;plot3(x,y,z,r:);(2)三维网格命令(mesh)x=-1:0.05:1;y=x;x,y=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.2+2*y.2;mesh(x,y,z) (3)三维表面命令(surf)x=-1:0.05:1;y=x;x,y=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.2+2*y.2;surf(x,y,z) 7.球面及柱面的表达sphere(50) cylinder(5,30) 8.plot的使用x=1:12y=1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8z=1:-1:-10plot(x)plot(y)plot(x,z) 9.subplot指令的使用t1=(0:11)/11*pi;y1=sin(t1).*sin(9*t1);t2=(0:100)/100*pi;y2=sin(t2).*sin(9*t2);subplot(2,2,1),plot(t1,y1,r.),axis(0,pi,-1,1),title(子图(1)subplot(2,2,2),plot(t2,y2,r.),axis(0,pi,-1,1),title(子图（2)subplot(2,2,3),plot(t1,y1,t1,y1,r.)axis(0,pi,-1,1),title(子图(3) subplot(2,2,4),plot(t2,y2)axis(0,pi,-1,1),title(子图(4)10.其它绘图指令的使用和精细指令的使用clf;t=6*pi*(0:100)/100;y=1-exp(-0.3*t).*cos(0.7*t);tt=t(find(abs(y-1)0.05);ts=max(tt);plot(t,y,-r,linewidth,3)axis(-inf,6*pi,0.6,inf)set(gca,xtick,2*pi,4*pi,6*pi,ytick,0.95,1,1.05,max(y)grid ontitle(ity=1-e-alphatcosomegat)text(13.5,1.2,fontsize12alpha=0.3)text(13.5,1.1,fontsize12omega=0.7)hold on;plot(ts,0.95,bo,markersize,10);hold offcell_string1=fontsize12uparrow;cell_string2=fontsize16fontname隶书镇定时间;cell_string3=fontsize6;cell_string4=sprintffontsize14rmt_s%s=,num2str(ts);text(ts,0.85,cell_string)xlabel(fontsize14bftrightarrow) ylabel(fontsize14bfyrightarrow)实习内容四 STMULINK仿真基础1. 实习目的l 熟悉Simulink的模型窗口l 掌握Simulink模型的创建l 掌握连续系统和离散系统的模型分析l 了解子系统和封装实习内容五 句柄图形和图形用户界面制作1. 实习目地l 熟悉句柄图形体系的对象树结构l 熟练掌握句柄图形体系的对象属性的创建,设置和查询l 熟练掌握句柄的获取l 熟练掌握图形用户界面(GUI)的制作2.句柄的获取X=linspace(-pi,pi,25); Y=sin(X); plot(X,Y,rX); gcfans = 1 gcaans = 151.00453.句柄图形体系的对象属性的创建、设置、查询h_line=findobj(gca,Marker,X)get(h_line)h_line_parent=get(h_line,Parent);isequal(h_line_parent,gca)set(gca,Color,0,0,0)set(h_line,Color,1 1 1,MarkerSize,10);set(gca,XGrid,on,GridLineStyle,-.,XColor,0.75 0.75 0)set(gca,YGrid,on,GridLineStyle,-.,YColor,0 0.75 0.75)set(gcf,Color,0 0 1)h_line = Empty matrix: 0-by-1ans = 0 4.对象属性的缺省设置和查询(1)t=(0:pi/50:2*pi);k=0.4:0.1:1;y=cos(t)*k;line(t,y,Color,1 1 0,LineStyle,-.) (2)t=(0:pi/50:2*pi);k=0.4:0.1:1;y=cos(t)*k;line(t,y,Color,1 1 0,LineStyle,-.)clf resetset(gca,ColorOrder,0 0 0:0.7 0.7 0.7,LineStyle,-|:)line(t,y)clf resetset(gcf,DefaultAxesLineStyleOrder,-|:);set(gcf,DsfaultAxesColorOrder