大学英语四级翻译专项训练.ppt

大学英语四级翻译专项训练,主讲人：缪爽,主要问题,一、核心语法虚拟语气、定语从句、主语从句、非谓语动词二、固定搭配和常规用法,虚拟语气,一、“时态向前推移规律”及其试用范围,例句,IwouldcertainlygoifIhadthetime.(与现在事实相反)Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.(与将来事实相反)Shewouldhavecomeifwehadinvitedher.(与过去事实相反),在错综时间句中,谓语动词“具体问题，具体分析”Ifyouhadntwatchedtelevisionsolate,youwouldntbesosleepynow.(从去与过去时间相反，主句与现在情况相反)IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.(从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符),Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Marywouldnthavebeencaughtintherain.（2009，6月真题）,Thevictimwouldhaveachancetosurviveifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(2006年12月真题),虚拟语气练习,1.IfIwereyou,Ianumbrella.(take)2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iyou.(tell)3.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Iher.(meet)4.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Itohim.(talk),5.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,weskating.（notgo）6.IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Ianengineer,too.(be)7.Ifhewerefreetoday,wehimtoBeijing.(send)8.Ifheknewher,heher.(greet),虚拟语气练习题答案,1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.3.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.4.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.,虚拟语气练习题答案,1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.3.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.4.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.,虚拟语气练习题答案,1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.3.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.4.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.,1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.3.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.4.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.,5.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.6.IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.7.Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.8.Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.,特殊的固定搭配用法,一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(mand)四建议(pose)五要求(demand.require.request.desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should+do。should可以省略。,Theprofessorrequiredthatwe(should)handinourresearchreportsbyWednesday.(2006年6月真题)Isuggestedheshouldadapthimselftohisnewconditions.(2006年1月真题),定语从句,关系副词,Where的用法在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.有些太冷不能种水稻的地方，可以种马铃薯。When的用法在定语从句中做时间状语，指代时间。Ishallneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedonthefarm.Why的用法在定语从句中做原因状语。IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.,Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）Thebookwhich/thatisonthetableismine.（做主语）Thebookwhich/thatyouboughtyesterdayisgood.(做宾语)Thebookwhosecoverisblueismine.(做定语),关系代词练习,Theboyandthedog_areinthepictureareverylovely.Hecamebackforthebook_hehadforgotten.Ourchemistryteacherisaman_canmakehisclasslovelyandinteresting.Mr.Whiteinvitedmanyfriendstohisparty_herespectedmuch.Thisisthepencil_pointisbroken.,关系代词练习答案,Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.(先行词既有人又有物，固用that)Hecamebackforthebookwhichhehadforgotten.（which在定从中作宾语，代指主句中的thebook）Ourchemistryteacherisamanwho/thatcanmakehisclasslovelyandinteresting.Mr.Whiteinvitedmanyfriendstohispartywhom/thatherespectedmuch.(whom/that在定从中做respected的宾语)Thisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.（whose做point的定语）,关系副词练习,1.Makemarksinplaces_youhavequestions.2.Istillrememberthetime_wefirstmetscoresofyearsago.3.Tellmethereason_youleftme.4.Thatistheday_hewenttocollege.5.Thisistheplace_heusedtolive.,关系副词练习答案,1.Makemarksinplaceswhereyouhavequestions.2.Istillrememberthetimewhenwefirstmetscoresofyearsago.3.Tellmethereasonwhyyouleftme.4.Thatisthedaywhenhewenttocollege.5.Thisistheplacewhereheusedtolive.,Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblemsthat/whichtheyhavenosolutionstotillnow/towhichtheyhaventfoundanswerssofar.（2008年12月真题）ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSisthefieldwhere(inwhich)wecancooperate.（2007年6月真题）,Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（做定语）Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作主语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在句中作宾语）,非谓语动词,动词不定式动名词,动词不定式,to+动词原型可以理解为“固定搭配”或“常识”Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.Hehatetobemisunderstoodbyothers.Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.Itskindofyoutosayso.,动名词,动词原形+ing(是名词),Iamsurethathewillcomeintime.=Iamsureofhiscomingintime.Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.=Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.Imconfidentthathehavepassedtheexam.=Imconfidentofhishavingpassedtheexam.Hecomplainedthathehavebeenwrongedbyothers.=hecomplainedofhavingbeenwrongedbyothers.,动名词充当主语,Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.Teach