英语动词时态语态课件.ppt

EnglishBasicTenses(时态),他每天都来。他昨天来了.他已经来了.他明天来.汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.,Hecameyesterday.,Hehascome.,Hewillcometomorrow.,Hecomeseveryday.,v./v-s/es,V-ed,will+v,would+v.,had+done,have/has+done,have/hasbeen+V-ing,am/is/are+V-ing,was/were+V-ing,导入之一：Howisyourdailylifeasahighschoolstudent?,(using3sentencesormore,使用实意动词和系动词,注意动词形式变化),2.用法:1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如often,usually,always,everyday/year,sometimes,onSunday等。,2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.,IstudyhardeverydayandIgetalongwellwithmyclassmates,butsometimesImissmyfamilies.,一、一般现在时(TheSimplePresenttense)1.结构:do/does,3）汽车、飞机、会议等按时刻表将要发生的事。Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.Themeetingstartsat2:00p.m.4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时,即主将从现。Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,we_(go)tothecountryside.Ifhe_(come)thisafternoon，we_(have)ameeting.,is,willgo,comes,willhave,Example:I_(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways_(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe_(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_(be)happyatthattime.,spent,played,didnt,were,导入之二：Howdidyouspendyourchildhood?,二、一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense)1.结构:谓动用动词过去式(V-ed)2.用法:在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,in1982等。,examples:,HewasinBeijingsomeyearsago.ShetraveledinEuropelastyear.WhenIwasatcollage,Iwrotehomeonceaweek.Hewettotown,boughtsomebooksandvisitedhisdaughterlastSunday.Hesaidhewouldgoforaholidaywhenhefinishedhiswork.,犹如,picture,导入之三：Howwillyouspendyourwinterholiday?IwillImgoingto,三.一般将来时,.表示将来时的四种形式will/shall+动词原形begoingtodobeabouttodobetodo,begoingto有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。-Thetelephoneisringing.-I_answerit.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto-Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?-I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.didbegoingto可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will不能表示Lookattheclouds!It_rain.,isgoingto,3.beto表示因约定、计划，职责、义务要求即将发生的动作,或客观安排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.,4beabouttodo表示“正要干什么”，1)表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。2)常与when连用，when此时意思：就在这时，是并列连词.构成句型：beabouttodowhen.Eg:Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained.,四.过去将来时(ThepastfuturesimpleTense),1.用法:过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中.,2.结构:should/would+动词原形Theboypromisedhewouldworkhard.ItoldmyparentsIshouldreturnearly.,导入之五：Whataretheydoingnow?Theyareplayingbasketball.,五.现在进行时,1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态Idontreallyworkhere.Imhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchange,be(am,are,is)+doing,2.与always，constantly(不断地；时常地)等连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如：他总是帮助别人。,Heisalwayshelpingothers.,六.过去进行时(ThePastContinuousTense),1.结构：was/were+doing2.用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语attenyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while,atthattime,IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked,3.与always，forever，constantly连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如：他总是考虑别人，从未考虑自己。,Hewasalwaysthinkingofothers，neverthinkingofhimself.,Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskey.,七.现在完成时(ThepresentPerfectTense),1.结构:have(has)+done2.用法:1).现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词.常与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如:sofar,uptonow,recently,since,for,overtime等,IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years.,Hehaslivedheresincelastsummer.,时间线,现在,过去,lived,延续到现在:haslived,lastsummer,since,1.-WhendidhegotoAmerica?-Oh,he_theresincehalfayearago.A.wentB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.was2.Shelly_CaliforniaforTexasand_thereeversince.YoucangoandpayheravisitonyourwaytoMexico.A.left,workedB.hasleft,hadworkedC.left,hasworkedD.hasleft,worked,比较一般过去时与现在完成时,1).一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。MyfamilylivedinZhuhai10yearsago.（现在不在珠海了)MyfamilyhavelivedinZhuhaifor10years.(目前还在珠海),2).过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语.I_(study)inZhongshanuniversityin2000.I_(study)inZhongshanuniversitysince2000.I_just_(buy)anapartment.(just表示不确定的时间状语）,studied,havestudied,have,bought,八.过去完成时(ThepastperfectTense),结构:had+done概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去的过去过去现在将来,导入之八：Yougraduated(毕业)fromJuniorMiddleSchoolinJuly2013.Youhadstayedtherefor3yearswhenyougraduated.,Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearnt20units.,现在,过去,过去的过去,theendoflastterm,hadlearnt,时间线,用法(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导的时间状语。如：,2.表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算(“本想”;“本来打算”)。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShangHai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.,1).Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_(runaway).2).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents_(begin)reading.Hewalkedinasifhe_(buy)theschool.,hadrunaway,hadrunaway,hadrunaway,hadbegun,hadbought,3.I_totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasntabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped4.Helen_herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome,c,c,导入之九：-Howlonghaveyoubeenstudyinginthisschool?,-Almostthreemonths.,九、现在完成进行时,主语+has/have+been+doing.表示过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在还会继续下去的动作（动作未完成），动词必须用延续性动词。Hehasbeenworkinghereforthreeyears.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitieshasbeenrisingsteadilysince1990.,-Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatwhyI_toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone,现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时:表到现在为止已经完成，或过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；现在完成进行时:往往强调仍将继续下去的动作。Ihavewrittenaletter.（已完成）Ihavebeenwritingaletter.（未完成）,过去,现在,时间线,havewritten,havebeenwriting,10将来进行时（willbedoing）表将来某一时刻，某一段时间正在进行的动作。Iwillbesleepingatthistimetomorrow.,11将来完成时（willhavedone）表将来某一时间已经做完某事Wewillhavelearnt1000wordsbytheendofthisterm.,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配,often,always,usually,sometimes,onSunday,every,atweekends,onceinawhile,threetimesaday,(right)now,atthismoment,atpresent,forthetimebeing,thisyear,always,for,since,sofar,in/over/duringthepast/lastfewyears,lately,recently,just,uptonow,uptillnow,already,yet,ever,never,twice,threetimes,before,allthetime,allthismorning,for,since,inthepastfewyears,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配,yesterday,last,thedaybeforeyesterday,ago,in2000,inthepast,theotherday,justnow,onceuponatime,at10lastnight,then,thismorning,atthattime/moment,thistimeyesterday,lastyear,always,by+过去时间，bythen,bytheendof+过去时间，bythetimeyoudidsth,.,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,in2020,inafewyears,infuture,inthefuture,soon,next,anotherday,at10tomorrow,then,thistimetomorrow,nextyear,by+将来时间,bythen,bytheendof+将来时间,bythetimeyoudosth,ExercisesIusually_upat6:00,butyesterdayI_upat7:00andtomorrowI_upat6:30.(get)Listen!Someone_(knock)atthedoor.I_(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.Howoften_Andy_(surf)theinternet?Hefellasleepwhilehe_(read)abook.,groupcompetition,get,willget,got,isknocking,havebeen,does,surf,wasreading,6.I_never_(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9._thestory_(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What_hismother_(do)whenheopenedthedoor?,have,heard,went,wouldput,Did,happen,was,doing,11.Ifit_(notrain)tomorrow,they_(go)fishing.12._yourmother_thepianoeverySunday?13.They_(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher_(start)teaching.,doesntrain,willgo,Does,hasworked,wont,walked,hadstarted,play,JennyJenny_(be)aforeigngirl.She_(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she_(draw)picturesinthelivingroom.Twoyearsago,herparents_(move)toChina.Jenny_(nothave)anyfriends,soshe_(feel)lonely.Butnow,she_(have)manyChinesefriendsand_(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny_(visit)hergrandparentsintheUnitedStatesnextmonth.,is,comes,isdrawing,moved,didnthave,felt,has,studies,willvisit,OnegoodturndeservesanotherI_(have)dinneratarestaurantwhenTonySteelecamein.Tony_(work)inalawyersofficeyearsago,buthe_(work)atabanknow.He_(get)agoodsalary,buthealways_(borrow)moneyfromhisfriendsandnever_(pay)itback.Tony_(see)meand_(come)and_(sit)atthesametable.He_never_(borrow)moneyfromme.Whilehe_(eat),I_(ask)himtolendmetwentypounds.Tomysurprise,he_(give)methemoneyimmediately.Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou,Tonysaid,sonowyoucanpayformydinner!,washaving,worked,isworking,asked,saw,came,has,sat,gave,waseating,borrows,gets,pays,borrowed,动词的语态(voices),动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。动词谓语部分结构：be+v.pp,动词时态语态一览表(以do为例）,am/is/aredone,am/is/arebeingdone,have/hasbeendone,was/weredone,was/werebeingdone,hadbeendone,willbedone,willhavebeendone,主动形式表被动意义Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Theyogurtinthefridge_(已经变质）.,hasgonebad,1.连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj.构成系表结构,主动表被动。,2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等主动表被动。Workbeganat7oclockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.3.need/want/requiredoing,beworthdoing,betoblame主动表被动。Theequipmentinthecorner_(需要修理).,requiresrepairing,A,Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame,Whodoyouthink_forthefailureoftheirmarriage?A.toblameB.tobeblameC.istoblameD.istob