定语从句语法(基础知识).ppt

定语从句,Theattributiveclause,（基本知识）,从句的特点,1.从句也要符合句子的基本结构,2.从句只是做为句子某一成分出现的,3.从句的关联词是从句开始的标志,（一）定义及相关术语,1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,how,关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有:when,where,whywhat,Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.,关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,（二）关系词在定从中的作用,1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。,TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.,2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。,MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.,注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。,Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.,3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.,Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.,4that既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。,Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.,Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.,5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。,Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.,Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.,注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：,Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.,Theclassroomthedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.,6.as在定从中指整件事情，或是指受到thesame,such,as,so等修饰的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或是表语。,Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.,Itwassodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscouldworkout.,ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.,7.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。,IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.,Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.,8.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。,ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.,ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.,9.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。,Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.,Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.,注意：关系副词引导的定语从句，从句中的关系副词一定可以分解成“介词+关系代词”。,Shanghaiisthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.,Pleasetellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyoumissedtheplane.,注意：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，“介词+关系代词”不一定都有关系副词替代。,TomorrowIllbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.,Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.,注意：1.介词+关系代词中介词的选择可根据定语从句中谓语与介词的习惯搭配，先行词和介词的习惯搭配，有时需要综合整个句子的句意。,ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.,Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.,ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.,ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.,有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。,2.介词一般可放在定从之后也可放在引导词之前，但有些固定的短语动词一般不拆开，介词必需放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。,Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.,ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.,ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.,（三）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。通常译成“的”。,B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上,通常译成主句的并列句。,Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.,China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.,Itwassodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscouldworkout.,Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnobodyinmyclasscouldworkoutit.,比一比,ThisisthesamedictionarythatIlostlastweek.,ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.,比一比,Thisisthesamevillagewherewespentourchildhood.Th