2018-2019学年高一英语上学期第一次段考试题(含解析).doc

2018-2019学年高一英语上学期第一次段考试题(含解析)第一节听力理解（共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分）材料及问题播放两遍。每段后有两个小题，各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅题时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听下面一段材料，回答以下小题。音频1. A. His wife. B. His daughter. C. His mother.2. A. The weather has been bad.B. Jenny was driving too fast.C. The truck driver drank and drove.【答案】1. B 2. C【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【1题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【2题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段材料，回答以下小题。音频3. A. To ask about the time.B. To ask about a puter.C. To ask for a wake-up call.4. A. 600 B. 0600 C. 6000【答案】3. C 4. B【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【3题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【4题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段材料，回答以下小题。音频5. A. Caring for kids. B. Designing clothes. C. Selling toys.6. A. She has already had a good job.B. She doesnt have much experience.C. She doesnt like dealing with people.【答案】5. C 6. A【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【5题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【6题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。第二节回答问题（共4小题；每题2分，其中第9题3分，满分9分）听下面一段材料，然后回答问题。材料读两遍。音频7. When does Alex usually have breakfast?_.8. How does Alex go to the training center?_.9. What is Alex used to doing by 1:00 pm?_.10. With whom does Alex have dinner at home?_.【答案】7. At 8:30. 8. By subway/underground. 9. Doing a little swimming. /Swimming 10. His mother.【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【7题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【8题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【9题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【10题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项, 请将答案按题号涂到对应的答卷题号上。You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of munity(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907-1964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness(意识) of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor (1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court(最高法院). OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-xx)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott(抵制). It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.11. What is Jane Addams famous for in history?A. Her social work. B. Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her munity background.12. What was the reason for OConnors being refused by the law firm?A. Not having training in law. B. Her little work experience in court.C. Her identity as a woman. D. Her poor financial conditions.13. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day OConnor. D. Rosa Parks.14. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers.【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D 14. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几位著名的女性。【11题详解】信息概括题。根据第二段 “a social worker” 可明显得出答案，故A正确。【12题详解】细节题。根据第四段 “She could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.” 可知，原因在于对女性的歧视，故C正确。【13题详解】细节题。根据第五段 “kicked off the civil-rights movement” 可知，Rosa Park推动了民权运动，故D正确。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句 “Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize”；第三段第一句 “If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environment movement might not exist today”；第四段第二句 “ the first woman to join the U.S Supreme Court”；最后一段第三句 “ kicked off the civil-rights movement”，可知，四位女性都是历史上的先锋，故C正确。BYour house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less selfconscious (难为情) when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesnt have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when its time to repaint, go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.15. The text is especially helpful for those who care about _.A. their home forts B. their body shapeC. house buying D. healthy diets16. A home environment in blue can help people _.A. digest food better B. reduce food intakeC. burn more calories D. regain their appetites17. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A. Eat quickly. B. Play fast music.C. Use smaller spoons. D. Turn down the lights.18. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Is Your House Making You Fat? B. Ways of Serving DinnerC. Effects of SelfConsciousness D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?【答案】15. B 16. B 17. C 18. A【解析】试题分析：想要减肥，除了少吃外，还和房间有关系。建议有4条：1.房间要明亮；2.用冷色系会减少食欲；3.放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；4. 用小的碗碟。视频【15题详解】B 推理判断题。根据全文第一段Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.可知，这篇文章更可能是对那些在乎自己的体型的人有帮助。故选B。【16题详解】B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话in one study,可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的相对较少。故选B。【17题详解】C 推理判断题。最后一段介绍，要想少吃，要用小碗小勺，前面介绍说到，吃得快，房间暗会增加饮食，放舒缓的音乐有助于减少饮食的速度和进食量。故选C。【18题详解】A主旨大意题。根据开头的后文可知，本文就房间的布置给那些想减肥的人士提了一些建议。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。考点：科普类短文阅读CAstronauts in the space stations for long missions often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled(安排) so tightly that break times are often used to finish the days work. Its especially hard for long missions on the International Space Station (ISS). ISS crew members usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can municate with family and friends by email, Internet phone and through private video meetings.While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in space, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crew member put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading materials for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. Today, the Internet can be used on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more mon entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out of the window and stare at the universe and the Earths vast land mass and oceans.19. What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Find B. Copy C. Change D. Lose20. In the last paragraph, the author shows that astronauts _.A. get more pleasure in space than on the EarthB. find living in space a bit boring and tiringC. regard space life as monD. love to see the Earth from space21. The passage mainly discusses how astronauts _.A. work for longer missions in spaceB. connect with people on the EarthC. observe the Earth from spaceD. spend their free time in space【答案】19. B 20. D 21. D【解析】本文向我们介绍了宇航员在太空中是如何打发他们的自由利用的时间的。【19题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段第四句“They work five days on and two days off”可知，这和在地球上的工作时间一致，所以这样做的目的是尽可能地模仿地球上的正常生活，所以选B。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth.”可知，宇航员喜欢在太空看地球。选D。【21题详解】主旨题：本文主要向我们介绍了宇航员在休息时做的事， 所以选D项。DWhen 19yearold Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the MakeAWish Foundation(基金会), nobody understood what she was talking about. But Sophia knew just how important MakeAWish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream e true for one of her best friends. We were interested in finding out more, so we went along to meet Sophia and listen to what she had to say.Sophia told us that MakeAWish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980. “Its a charity(慈善机构) that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. MakeAWish helps children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams e true，” Sophia explained.We asked Sophia how MakeAWish had first started. She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris, who had been dreaming for a long time of being a policeman. Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chriss dream e trueso, with everybodys help, Chris, only seven years old at the time, had been a “policeman” for a day. “When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too, and that was the beginning of MakeAWish，” explained Sophia.Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time. A MakeAWish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world. Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes e true. They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.22. Sophia found out about MakeAWish because her best friend had _.A. benefited from it B. volunteered to help itC. dreamed about it D. told the author about it23. According to Sophia, MakeAWish _.A. is an international charityB. was understood by nobody at firstC. raises money for very poor familiesD. started by drawing the interest of the public24. What is said about Chris in Paragraph 3?A. He has been a policeman since he was seven.B. He gave people the idea of starting MakeAWish.C. He wanted people to help make his dream e true.D. He was the first child MakeAWish helped after it had been set up.25. Which of the following is true about MakeAWish volunteers?A. They are important for making wishes e true.B. They try to help children get over their illnesses.C. They visit sick children to make them feel special.D. They provide what is necessary to make MakeAWish popular.【答案】22. A 23. A 24. B 25. A【解析】试题分析：本文借Sophia之口，让我们了解了MakeAWish Foundation一个全球性的慈善组织，它帮助身患重病的孩子实现他们的愿望。【22题详解】A；考查细节理解。根据第一段的“But Sophia knew just how important Make A Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream e true for one of her best friends .”可知，因为Make A Wish曾经帮助Sophia的一个朋友实现了愿望，所以Sophia才知道这个组织是多么的重要，才了解了这一组织的更多内容。故选A。【23题详解】A；考查推理判断。根据第二段的第一、二句可知，Make A Wish是一个全球性的组织，而且是一个慈善机构，故A项正确；大家不理解的是Sophia去当志愿者帮助Make A Wish，而不是没人理解Make A Wish，故排除B项；Make A Wish是帮助身患重病的孩子实现愿望，而不是为穷苦家庭募捐，故C项错误；D项不是文章的内容，故选A。【24题详解】B；考查推理判断。由第三段可知，Chris当了一天的警察，故排除A项；人们帮助Chris实现了他当警察的愿望，而且这就是Make A Wish的开始，故B项正确；很多人想帮助Chris，但文章未提Chris想让人们帮助他实现梦想，故排除C项；D项不是文章的内容，故选B。【25题详解】A；考查推理判断。根据最后一段的“Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes e true.”可知A项正确；志愿者不能帮助孩子们克服他们的疾病，故排除B项；志愿者们拜访孩子们是为了帮助他们实现愿望，而不是使他们感到特别，故C项错误；志愿者提供给孩子们必要的东西是为了帮助他们，而不是使Make A Wish受欢迎，故D项错误，故选A。考点：考查记叙文阅读第二节选句填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。请将答案按题号涂到相应的答卷题号上。How to prepare for an exam isa big question that you always ask yourself. Here are some tips that may help you.Never fear or hate exam and be confident.Some students study well but still may be much afraid of exams and due to this reason they get upset and wont be able to get marks._26_You have to be confident and it is of great help for youto gainsuccess.Prepare a good timetable.Prepare a timetable before starting the study._27_Difficult subjects can be given more time and easier ones less, but most importantly you should spare some time for rest.Select a proper atmosphere for studying.Studying atmosphere plays a very important role._28_So pick a place where you feel fortable. That is where you feel relaxed and can pay attention to what you are doing. Make sure that while you are studying a subject you are focusing on it only. So keep the books of other subjects away from your eyesight so that you wont be upset about all the things you have to learn.Make notes while studying.This is a very important point. While studying, make small notes. The note should be short and clear to make the review easier._29_Yet dont try to cover everything in it._30_On the night before exam you have to sleep well, atleast 6 hours and not more than 8 hours. Remember this will have a great effect on your exam. And have your food as in your daily diet.A. Sleep well and eat well.B. So try to present answers in points.C. This should include all the subjects.D. Can anyone study well while others around are watching TV?E. A good note shall include the most important points.F. This will be of great use to your ing exams.G. So leave all your fears and free your mind before starting the study.【答案】26. G 27. C 28. D 29. E 30. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，如何为考试做准备？不劳无获，成功没有捷径，只有努力。同时作者给出了几条可行的建议。【26题详解】上文提示“一些学生学习很好，但仍然可能很害怕考试，由于这个原因，他们会感到沮丧，无法获得分数。”承接上文，G项So leave all your fears and free your mind before starting the study.（所以在开始学习之前，先放下所有的恐惧，释放你的思想。）切题。该项中的so与上文构成因果关系，故选G。【27题详解】上文提示“在开始学习前准备一个时间表。”承接上文，C项This should include all the subjects.（这应该包括所有的科目。）切题。该项中的This指上文“时间表”，故选C。【28题详解】上文提示“学习氛围起着非常重要的作用。”再根据下文提示“所以选择一个你觉得舒服的地方。”承接上下文，D项Can anyone study well while others around are watching TV?（当周围的人都在看电视的时候，还有人能好好学习吗?）故选D。【29题详解】上文提示“为了使审查更容易，说明应简明扼要。” 下文提示“但不要试图涵盖所有内容。”承接上下文，E项 A good note shall include the most important points.（一个好的注释应该包括最重要的要点。）切题。故选E。【30题详解】本空是一个小标题，应该用短小精悍的祈使句，只有A项符合题意。根据下文提示“考试前一晚你必须睡个好觉，至少6小时，不超过8小时。”可知，A项Sleep well and eat well.（睡得好，吃得好。）切题。故选A。【点睛】.在做七选五时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/whats more等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第1小题，G项So leave all your fears and free your mind before starting the study.（所以在开始学习之前，先放下所有的恐惧，释放你的思想。）切题。该项中的so与上文构成因果关系，故选G。第三部分：语言知识及应用（共三节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Daily Star, sir” called Jason, carrying some newspapers under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty _31_ left. His voice was almost gone and his heart was _32_. The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. He would have to go home too, carrying the papers _33_ money. He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a _34_ for his mother and some seeds for his bird. That was why he had bought the papers with all his money. He _35_ as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.“You dont know the _36_ of selling papers. You must shout, Hot news! Bomb bursting!” another newsboy Chad told Jason. “ _37_ its not in the paper at all,” replied Jason. “Just run away quickly _38_ they have time to see, and youll _39_ out and get your money, ” Chad said.It was a new _40_ to Jason. He thought of his bird with no _41_ and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was _42_ that he would not tell a lie. Though he was _43_ a poor newsboy, he had been _44_ some good things.The next afternoon J