2019高考英语重难增分篇第七讲主谓一致课件新人教版.ppt

第七讲主谓一致第一课时知识过关课,读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文。领悟画线黑体部分。思考：主谓一致包括哪些原则？分别在什么情况下使用语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则？MyseatmateJames,whoseparentshavebeenteaching1EnglishinGuangzhoufortenyears，es2fromtheUnitedStates,whichis3oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Heaswellashisparentsenjoys4livinginGuangzhoubecauseneitherJamesnorhisparentsfind5itdifficulttoadapttothelifeinChina.Intheiropinion,manyacustomhereis6easytounderstandandtenyearsis7enoughforthemtogetusedtoallthecustoms.,I,togetherwithJames,extremelylike8Englishbutphysicsseems9ratherdifficultforus.Besides，bothheandIare10veryfondofreadingstorybooks,andtheArabianNightsis11oneofthemostinterestingbooksthathavebeenread12byus.Ourclassis13unitedasabigfamily.Nowtheclassare14preparingfortheingsportsmeet,solargequantitiesofourrecenttimehavebeenspent15onit.Whatweneedis16aqualifiedcoachbecausebeingtrainedproperlyis17ofgreatimportance.Weeachareallawarethateachofusplays18animportantroleinourclass.Wehavedecidedtoholdacelebrationifgettingagoodresultbutwhenandwherewearegoingtoholdithasntbeendecided19,1语法一致原则，复数主语用复数谓语动词。2语法一致原则，单数主语用单数谓语动词。3意义一致原则，若主语形式上为复数，而意义上是单数，动词要用单数。本句中的theUnitedStates虽然形式上是复数，但指的是一个国家，替代它的which作主语，谓语用单数。4语法一致原则，“Aaswellas/togetherwith/withB”结构在主语位置时，主语是A，因此，谓语动词与A保持一致。,5就近原则，由or，either.or，nor，neither.nor，notonly.butalso，not.but连接的并列主语，通常按照就近一致原则，谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定。6语法一致原则，“manya(很多)/morethanone(不只一个)单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。7意义一致原则，表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。8语法一致原则，主语后面接说明主语的修饰语togetherwith，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。,9意义一致原则，以ics结尾表示学科的名词作主语时，通常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。,10语法一致原则，当主语是both.and连接的并列结构，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。11意义一致原则，复数形式的专有名词(表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等)作主语，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数。12语法一致原则，oneof复数名词定语从句，之前有theonly，thevery，thejust等限定词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。,13意义一致原则，集体名词class如果作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。14意义一致原则，集体名词class如果作个别成员看待，谓语动词用复数形式。15当“(large)quantitiesof可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。16当what引导主语从句，或由and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。17语法一致原则，非谓语动词(动词的v.-ing形式、不定式)作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。18当“eachof名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。19语法一致原则，从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,.单句填空(用所给词的正确形式填空)1Eitheryouortheheadmaster_(be)tohandouttheprizestothosegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.2Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass，_(visit)amuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.3Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict_(be)coveredwithtreesandgrass.4Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen，especiallythosefromthecountryside，_(work)intheclothingindustry.,is,wasvisiting,is,work,5.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_(wash)awayeachyear.6Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_(be)awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.7Everypossiblemeans_(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.8Whenandwheretogofortheonsalaryholiday_(not,decide)yet.,arebeingwashed,hasbeen,hasbeenused,hasnotbeendecided,9Shehassetanewrecord,thatis,thesalesofherlatestbook_(reach)50million.10ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants，_(work)ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.11He_(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.12“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking.”Jane_(inform),havereached,isworking,waspretending,wasinformed,.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1Tomhavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorningsoheistirednow._2Aseverybodyknows,politicsarenowtaughtinallschools._3Kate,oneofmygoodfriends,efromGuangzhou._4Asweallknow,peoplespeaksEnglishallovertheworld._5Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,areplantingtreesonthestreet._,havehas,areis,ees,speaksspeak,areis,6Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishforaholiday._7Itistheparentsandtheirsonthatwantstobuythebicycle._8Manyastudenthavebeensenttoplanttrees._9Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar,talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit._10ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoyoualotofgood._,wishwishes,wantswant,havehas,第二个waswere,dodoes,.语篇填空(阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。)Ourschoollibrary，alongwithmanyotherbuildings,isverydifferentfromotherschools.There1._(be)twoputerrooms，threeartrooms,ameetingroomandareadingroominthelibrarybuilding.Thenumberofthebooks2._(be)large,andmaybethereare100,000booksinit.Itissaidthatallthebookscostourschool200,000dollars.Maybe200,000dollars3._(be)largetoeverystudent.Intheeraofknowledgeexplosion,thenumberofthestudentswho4._(have)athirstforknowledgeisincreasingdaybyday.Nowadays,ourlibraryhasbeendevelopedintoa,Multifunctionalbuilding.Thereare50putersinit.Manyastudent5._(like)tosurftheInternetatweekendshere，andnowyoucanseethatmyclassmates,MikeandJohn6._(play)putergamesthere.Whenyouturntoanotherroom,youwillfindthataprofessorandwriter7._(deliver)aspeech.Eachboyandeachgirl8._(focus)onhisinterestingspeech.Everytimethereisawonderfulspeech,theaudiencealways9._(cheer)up.Youareenteringourartexhibition.Ateacherwithhisstudentsisattheroom.Onthewall10._(be)100pictures,whichattractmanystudents.Anexpertandteacherisexplainingsomethingimportanttous.,【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了学校图书馆的功能室以及学生周末在里面的活动情况。1are因therebe.句型中be动词常与离其最近的主语保持一致。2is主语是thenumberof名词的复数时，谓语动词用单数形式。3is时间、金钱、距离、重量等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。4have关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。5likesmanya名词作主语时，中心词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。,6areplaying两个名词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。7isdelivering当and连接的两个名词是指同一人时，谓语动词应该用单数形式。“aprofessorandwriter”意思是“一个教授兼作家”。8isfocusing用and连接的单数主语，前面有each，every，no等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。9cheer/cheers集体名词group，class，family，army，audience等作主语时，如果强调集体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。,10are在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。,第二课时高考研究课,主谓一致在语法填空中的考查点,规律方法,对于主谓一致这个语法点来说，了解和掌握各种一致的基本原则是关键，掌握了基本的用法之后就像套数学公式一样代入即可。,1Fastfood_(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017全国卷)2Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow_(be)oftenacceptable.(2016全国卷),真题验证1,is主语是fastfood，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填is。,is动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数；语境为客观真理，故使用一般现在时。,4We_(tell)thatourroomshadntbeenreservedforthatweek,butfortheweekafter.(广东卷),3Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess_(be)asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften_(take)yearstoachieve.(2015湖南卷改编),is；takes不可数名词success作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数；语境为客观真理，故使用一般现在时。,weretold第一人称复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数；由平行的谓语动词hadntbeenreserved可知，tell应用过去时；由语境可知，谓语动词tell和主语we之间构成被动关系。,6Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam，_(interview)shortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.(陕西卷改编),5Allweneed_(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.(湖南卷改编),is主语为不定代词all，故谓语动词使用单数；由语境可知应用一般现在时。,wasinterviewed主语中含有aswellas，谓语动词应该与Thebasketballcoach一致；由语境可知谓语动词应用过去时。,8Onethirdofthecountry_(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_(be)blackpeople.(湖南卷改编),7Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_(be)savedforotherpurposes.(安徽卷改编),were主语therestofwhich中，which代指前面的therawmaterials，故谓语动词使用复数；由平行的谓语动词used，可知此处应用过去时。,is；are第一分句中的主语为不可数名词thecountry，故其谓语动词应用单数；第二分句中的主语为可数名词的复数，故其谓语动词使用复数；语境所陈述的为客观事实，故两处的谓语动词都是用一般现在时。,9Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents_(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.(湖南卷改编),is主语部分由“either.or.”连接，故其后的谓语动词应使用“就近原则”，即第三人单数形式；由meeting后定语从句的时态可知，主句的时态应用“betodo”，表示将来时。,主谓一致在短文改错中的考查点,规律方法,第一步：先找出主语；第二步：根据主语的单复数形式判断谓语动词的形式；第三步：根据整篇文章或上下文的语境判断时态的正确形式。,1Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.(2016浙江卷)_2Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.(2014全国卷)_3Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromtheskytheylookedlikerain！(陕西卷)_,真题验证2,waswere主语为we，故谓语动词应用复数形式。,looklooks主语为mydreamschool，故谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式。,waswere主语为thearrows，故谓语动词应该使用复数形式。,4Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.(2014辽宁卷)_5Finally,therewereasuddenpullatthepoleandafishwascaught.(2013陕西卷)_,havehas主语为theearlymorningbarking，故谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式。,werewas主语为asuddenpull，故谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式。,第三课时写作增分课,主谓一致在写作中的增分点一、使用语法一致原则确保所写句子主谓一致1他，还有他的父母，喜欢看电视连续剧。(aswellas,befondof,TVseries)_2是你，而不是你的老师，应为你考试不及格负责。(itis,ratherthan,betoblamefor,failtheexams)_,He,aswellashisparents,isfondofwatchingTVseries.,Itisyou,ratherthanyourteacher，that/whoaretoblameforyourfailingtheexam.,3我们班除了李磊和李华，还没有人出过国。(nobody,b