SAT可汗阅读生词-history.docx

可汗阅读生词history目录Passage：B. Franklin-whether to ratify the final version of constitution1passage：Theodore Roosevelts speech on the Panama Canal4Passage：Federal v. Consolidated Government6（历史类除了标词汇，所有生词都要重点背诵！）Passage：B. Franklin-whether to ratify the final version of constitution1. convention1.大会 2.习俗，传统to hold an annual convention召开年会2. constitution1.宪法 2.构造，构成 3.体质an iron constitution钢铁般强壮的体格3. ratify正式批准4. confess认罪，忏悔；坦白，承认5. oblige1.强迫 2.帮助 to be obliged to do something;to feel obliged to do something;觉得有义务做某事you are not obliged/they cannot oblige you to answer.she did it to oblige them.她做这事来帮助他们6. apt1. (inclined) 易于做某事2.(suitable)恰当的 3.(clever)聪明的 to be apt to do something; this is apt to happen.这事很容易发生to be apt at doing something;善于做某事7. possession拥有，占有；财产，领地8. Protestant新教教徒基督教有三大派别：天主教、东正教和新教。16世纪，许多宗派从罗马天主教分离出来，不再属于天主教，统称新教，中国亦常称之为基督教，是为狭义的基督教。安立甘宗（Anglican Communion,即英国国教会， the Church of England）、循道宗（Methodist Church）等都属于新教。和天主教相比，新教否定教皇的绝对权威，更强调布道（preaching）和圣经的权威性，礼仪上也更为简单。英国和美国的大多数基督徒都是新教徒。9. dedication奉献精神，奉献典礼；致力于10. infallible/infallibility绝对可靠的instinct, memory, intuition; 不可能错的 reasoning, person; 绝对有效的 remedy, methoddoctors are not infallible医生也是会犯错的they came to a private understanding他们秘密达成了谅解11. private私下的，秘密的 the private citizen平民12. sentiment1. 情绪，感情2. 伤感3. 观点，倾向（常考）I agree with your sentiments regarding the road bridge.The council sought steps to control the rise of racist sentiment.13. fault缺点，过错；地质断层14. Despotism专制主义/专制despotic15. corrupt1. 腐败的，腐化堕落的2. 有缺点，有错误的the data/file has become corrupted数据/文件被破坏了16. incapable无能力的able to do /capable of doing be incapable of something/doing something;17. prejudice偏见，先入之见18. assembly1. 人群2.Countable2. 立法机构 Uncountable Politics政集会Uncountable机械等安装、装配 legislative/National assembly 立法机构freedom of assembly 集会自由19. council议会，理事会20. confounded1. 困惑的，混淆的2. 讨厌的，该死的the entire team was confounded by his betrayal21. （Tower of）Babel巴别塔 或称通天塔。圣经旧约创世记第11章宣称，当时人类联合起来兴建希望能通往天堂的高塔；为了阻止人类的计划，上帝让人类说不同的语言，使人类相互之间不能沟通，计划因此失败，人类自此各散东西。高塔中途停工的画面在宗教艺术中有象征意义，表示人类狂妄自大最终只会落得混乱的结局22. endeavorV=try 努力，尝试N.1. (attempt)尝试 2. (striving)努力 3.(undertaking)事业 to make every endeavor to do somethinga political/military endeavor23. partisann.坚定的支持者；游击队员 adj.(biased)偏袒的 approach, attitude; 盲目拥护的 person (常考)newspapers have become increasingly partisan.24. salutary有益的it is salutary to do something;做某事是有益的a salutary lesson25. unanimity达成共识，一致同意unanimity among or between all members.所有成员的共识to reach or arrive at (a state of) unanimity.26. procure设法获得27. integrity1. 诚实正直2. 完整a man of integrity territorial integrity领土完整28. posterity后代wildlife should be preserved for the benefit of posterity29. heartily1.热情友好地 2.尽情滴30. administer1. 管理治理2. 执行，实行，发放each school was administered separately.a federal agency would administer new regulations.31. objection反对to raise or lodge or voice an objection提出异议32. manifestV清楚显示，显现Adj明显的she manifested signs of severe depression. his nervousness was manifest to us33. suffice足以，足够满足。的需求34. disregard不理会，忽视the body of evidence is too substantial to disregard.35. inadequate不充分不胜任36. adequate1.(sufficient, enough)足够的 2. (competent)能胜任的 an adequate range of optionsto be adequate to the task a) sarcastic37. |srkstk |讽刺的，挖苦的38. cynical1.(seeing bad rather than good)愤世嫉俗的 2.(selfish)冷漠自私的 a cynical disregard for the employees safety39. experienced经验丰富的40. indecisive1. 迟疑不决、优柔寡断的2. 非结论性的、非决定性的41. provincial1. 省的2. 狭隘的42. domestic1 国内的2 家用的、家庭内部的3 驯养的a domestic cat家猫shes very domestic她非常恋家43. partisan1.坚定的支持者2.Military 游击队员 adjective：偏袒的; 盲目拥护的44. dismissal(rejection of idea, opinion etc.)不予考虑 (removal from job)(of employee, worker)解雇45. validity1.有效 2.正确、正当46. principle原则、行为准则47. stubborn执拗的、固执的、倔强的48. allude to间接提及某事物/某人49.passage：Theodore Roosevelts speech on the Panama Canal1) precedent /presd()nt/ 先例It was without precedent for a president to leave the United States, but this work is without precedent. 2) profoundly /prfandl/ 深刻地、深切地例句:I am profoundly thankful that I shall be able to take back to the United States the message that the nations picked sons are carrying themselves so well here that I can absolutely guarantee the success of the mighty work which they are doing. 翻译:选中的子民们在这里生活的非常好，我敢肯定他们一 定能够成功完成正在进行的神奇工作，我非常激动可以把这 个消息带回美国。 3) mighty /mat/ adj. 强有力的 adv. 非常 例句:Mighty few things that are worth doing are easy. I want to say this word to you men，- right through，- to all of you who are engaged in the work of digging this canal, whether you are here as superintendent, foreman, chief clerk, machinist， conductor，engineer，steam-shovel man (and he is the American who is setting the mark for the rest of you to live up to; by the way)，whoever you are, if you are doing your duty, you are putting your country under an obligation to you just as a soldier who does his work well in a great war puts the country under an obligation to him. 翻译:没有什么值得做的事情是容易的，我想对你们说:所 有参与开凿运河的人们，不管你们是监督员、领班、组长、 机械师、管理人员、工程师还是操作蒸汽铲的人(顺便说一 下，这是一个为你们树立标杆的美国人)，不管你是谁，如 果你正在尽力做你的工作，国家就对你有义务，就像国家对 每一个在重大战役中有出色表现的士兵有义务一样。 4) machinist /minst/ n. 机器操作工 人 5) obligation /blge()n/ n. 义务、责任 6) enterprise /entpraz/ n.事业;公司;进 取心 例句:I am weighing my words when I say that you here, who do your work well in bringing to completion this great enterprise, will stand exactly as the soldiers of a few, and only a few, of the most famous armies of all the nations stand in histoty. 翻译:我说这些话的时候知道其中的分量，在完成这一壮举 的工作中表现出色的人，绝对和那些历史上所有国家中极少 数(真的是极少数)出自享有盛誉的军队的士兵们一样。 7) hardtack /hdtk/ n. 硬饼干、硬面 包 例句:When your fathers were in the fighting, they thought a good deal of the fact that the blanket was too heavy by noonand not quite heavy enough by night; that the pork was not as good as it might be; and the hardtack was sometimesinsufficient in amount; and they were not always satisfied with the way in which the regiments were led. 8) regiment /redm()nt/ vt.;把.编成团; 严格地管制n. 团，军团 9) accomplish /kmpl/ 完成，实现But when the war was donewhen they came home, when they looked at what had been accomplishedall those things sank into insignificance, and the great fact remained that they had played a part like men among men; that they hadborne themselves so that when people asked what they haddone of worth in those great years, all they had to say was that they had served decently and faithfully in the great armies. 翻译:但是当战争结束的时候，当他们回家后回顾自己所成 就的事情，所有其他的都已经不再重要，记得的是自己曾经 像真正的男人一样战斗过;他们自我承受过，所以在当别人 问起在那些光辉岁月里他们做过什么有意义的事情的时候， 他们唯一想说的就是他们曾经在伟大的军营中正派而忠诚 地服役过。 10) insignificance /insinifikns/ n. 无意义；不重要11) decently /di:sntli/adv.高雅地;正 派地 12) isthmus /sms/ 地峡13) debtor /det/ n.债务人;借方 So you men here, in the future, each man of you, will have the right to feel, if he has done his duty and a little more than his duty right up to the handle in the work here on the Isthmus，that he has made his country his debtor; that he has done more than his full share in adding renown to the nation under whose flag the canal is being built. 翻译:所以在场的每一位，如果你们在地峡认真地做着自己 的工作或者超额完成工作，你们每一个人都有权利认为自己 为国家做出了贡献，以及付出了全部心血为国家增光添彩， 因为这个运河是在美国国旗下修建完成的。 14) renown /rnan/ n. 名望、声誉 15) pledge /pled/ vt.许诺;举杯 祝.健康 n.抵押;誓言; 祝酒 例句:In closing, all I have to say is this: You are doing the work the like of which has not before been seen in the ages，a work that shall last through the ages to come, and I pledge to you as President of the United States, every ounce of support and help and assistance, that it is in my power to give you, so that we together, you backed by the people of the United States, may speedily bring this greatest of works to a triumphant conclusion. 翻译:总结来说，我想表达的是，你们所做的工作很多年来 都没有人做过，而这项工作还需要很多年才能完工，但是作 为美国总统，我向你们保证会尽我所能为你们提供帮助，让 我们在美国人民的支持下共同尽快顺利地完成这项无比伟 大的工作。 16) assistance /sst()ns/ n. 帮助 17) triumphant /tramf()nt/ adj.胜利的;(因 胜利而)喜气洋 洋的 18) conclusion /knklu()n/ 结论Passage：Federal v. Consolidated Government1. consolidated /knslideitid/ n.统一的;加固 的 例句:Instead of being thirteen republics, under a federal head, it is clearly designed to make us one consolidated government. 2. exertion /zn/ n. 发挥、运用 例句:The confederation was formed when great confidence was placed in the voluntary exertions of individuals, and of the respective states; and the framers of it, to guard against usurpation, so limited and checked the powers. 3. respective /rspektv/ adj. 各自的 4. usurpation /juzpen/ n.篡夺;夺取 5. alteration /ltre()n/ n.更改;改变 例句:We find, therefore, members of congress urging alterations in the federal system almost as soon as it was adopted. 6. sovereignty /svrnt/ n. 君权;国家的 主权 例句:Touching the federal plan, I do not think much can be said in its favor: The sovereignty of the nation, without coercive and efficient powers to collect the strength of it, cannot always be depended on to answer the purposes of government; and in a congress of representatives of sovereign states, there must necessarily be an unreasonable mixture of powers in the same hands. 翻译:接触到联邦计划后，我不觉得它有多少值得推崇的地 方:缺乏强制和有效力量武装自己的国家主权不可能永远立 足于解决政府需求，而且代表主权国家的国会成员们必须同 时汇集来自各方面的力量。 7. coercive /ksv/ 强制的，胁迫 的coercive measures.胁迫性手段8. representative /reprzenttv/ adj.有代表性 的;典型的 n.代表; 众议员9. consistent /knsst()nt/ adj.符合的;一 致的;一贯的 Let us now consider how far the new system is consistent with the happiness of the people and their freedom. 翻译:现在让我们思考一下(新体系)到底与人们的幸福自 由契合到什么程度。 10. degenerate /dden()rt/ vi. 衰退、退化 adj. 堕落的 例句:It is the opinion of the ablest writers on the subject, that no extensive empire can be governed upon republican principles, and that such a government will degenerate to a despotism, unless it be made up of a confederacy of smaller states, each having the full powers of internal regulation. 翻译:这是此话题方面最具才华的一位作家的观点:没有哪 一个幅员辽阔的国家能够实行共和主义观念，因为到最后必 将沦为专制独裁，除非它以州际联邦的形式构成，每一个州 的内部管理都具有绝对的自主权。 11. despotism /desptz()m/ 专制统治12. confederacy /knfed()rs/ 联盟federacy 联邦confederacy邦联13. hitherto /htu/迄今为止14. dazzle /dz()l/ vt. 使.目眩 n. 耀眼的光 例句: Large and consolidated empires may indeed dazzle the eyes of a distant spectator with their splendour, but if examined more nearly are always found to be full of misery. 翻译:庞大而统一的帝国的确会因它的辉煌闪瞎远处旁观者 的眼睛，但是如果近距离观察的话，你会发现辉煌之下满是 疮痍。 15. spectator /spektet/ n. 旁观者 16. splendor /splen