知识讲解高考总复习：高二重点词汇三.doc

高考总复习：高二重点词汇三编稿：李万杰 审稿： 梁晓知识讲解重点单词： possess 【点拨】possess vt. 拥有，占有People inherently possess immeasurable power. 人本身具有无尽的力量。be possessed of 具有 Smith was possessed of great self-confidence. 史密斯具有很强的自信心。【拓展】possession n. 拥有，占有，所有，pl.财产He lost all his possessions in the fire. 在那场火灾中他失去全部财产。come into ones possession 被某人占有；落入某人之手take/get/gain possession of 拿到；占有；占领Our forces took possession of the hill. 我们的部队占领了那座小山。in possession of 拥有；持有in the possession of sb./in ones possession 为某人所有That top secret document has come into her possession. 那份绝密文件已被她拿到。He is in lawful possession of a shotgun. 他合法地持有猎枪。The rare stamp is inthe possession of an unknown collector.那张珍贵的邮票为一位不知名的收藏家所拥有。attempt 【点拨】attempt vt.& vi. 试图；企图attempt to do sth. 试图做某事（try/seek to do）an attempted murder/suicide 谋杀/自杀未遂I attempted to leave but was stopped. 我想走但被拦住了。attempt n努力；尝试；企图make an/no attempt to do sth. /at doing sth. 企图/没有企图做某事in an attempt to do/at doing sth. 为了做某事at the first attempt 首次尝试He made an attempt to climb the mountain but failed. 他企图要爬上这座山，但失败了。I passed my driving test at the first attempt. 我考汽车驾驶执照时一次就通过了。【拓展】attempted adj. 未遂的He was accused of attempted murder. 他被控告谋杀未遂。appeal 【点拨】appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助appeal to 对有吸引力；呼吁；上诉；引起的兴趣Her sense of humor appealed to him enormously. 她的幽默感强烈地吸引住了他。She appealed to the high court against her sentence. 她不服判决而向高等法院上诉。appeal to sb. for sth. 请求某人某事appeal for sth. 呼吁某事；请求给予某物appeal to/for sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事appeal vt. 将上诉Five times he appealed the case, always losing. 他上诉五次, 都失败了。 appeal n. 呼吁, 恳求；吸引力make an appeal for sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事The government is appealing to the public for help for those who lost their homes in the flood.An appeal is being made by the government for help for those who lost their homes in the flood.政府正在呼吁公众对在水灾中丧失家园的人给予援助。exchange 【点拨】exchange n交换；交流；互换in exchange for 交换I took his camera in exchange for my watch. 我用我的手表换他的相机。They have offered to release the reporters, but what do they want in exchange？他们提出可以释放记者，但他们想要什么作为交换？make an exchange 交换exchange vt. & vi. 调换；交换exchange sth. for sth. 以换取exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物exchange words 争吵；吵架He exchanged an apple for an orange. 他用一个苹果换了一个橘子。Shall I exchange seatswith you? 我和你换一下座位好吗？load 【点拨】load n. 负担，负荷物（尤指沉重的）take a load off ones mind 打消某人的顾虑Her mothers recovery took a load off her mind. 她妈妈的康复使她心中卸下重担。a load of/loads of 很多的The truck is carrying a load of apples. 那辆卡车运载着苹果。 a heavy load for sb. 对某人来说是一种重荷load v. 装载，加重，把弹药装入（枪炮）load sth. / sb. with sth. 用装载/使负担load sth. into/onto sb. /sth. 把装入（到）/使负担load up （使）载满The truck was loaded with bananas. 那卡车装载着香蕉。He helped me to load my furniture onto the truck. 他帮我把家具装上车。【拓展】与load 有关的合成词overload （使）超载 autoload 自动加载unload 卸货，卸载，退子弹 carload 车载量download 下载（计算机用语）workload 工作量upload 上传（计算机用语）aim 【高清课堂】【点拨】If you aim for something or aim to do something, you plan or hope to achieve it.如果用“aim for something”或者“aim to do something”，意思是打算或者希望完成它。He said he would aim for the 100 meters world record at the Olympics in August.他说他想在八月的奥运会上冲击100米的世界纪录。Businesses will have to aim at long-term growth. 商业应定位于长期的成长目标If you aim to do something, you decide or want to do it. (AM, INFORMAL)（美国，正式用法）如果“aim to do”某事，意为决定或者想要做它。Are you aiming to visit the gardens? 你打算去花园看看？I didnt aim to get caught. 我没想到被抓住。If you aim a weapon or object at something or someone, you point it towards them before firing or throwing it. 如果将武器或者某物体“aim at”某事物或者某人，意思是在射击或者扔出去前指向他们。When he appeared again, he was aiming the rifle at Wade.当他再次出现的时候，他用步枪瞄准了Wade。The aim of something that you do is the purpose for which you do it or the result that it is intended to achieve. 做某事的“aim”，是指做这件事的目的或者希望达到的结果。The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Hindu culture and traditions.这个节日的目的就是增加对印度文化和传统的了解。adopt【点拨】If you adopt a new attitude, plan, or way of behaving, you begin to have it. 如果“adopt”一个新的态度、计划或者行为方式，意思是拥有了他们。Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment.应当帮助学生们采用一种对待环境的正确方式。If you adopt someone elses child, you take it into your own family and make it legally your son or daughter. 如果“adopt”别人的孩子，意思是把他带进自己的家庭，使之成为法律上的儿子或女儿。Hundreds of people want to adopt a child. 数百人想要收养孩子。The adopted child has the right to see his birth certificate.这个被收养的孩子有权利看他的出生证明。stress 【点拨】stress n. 重压，压力；逼迫，重音；重点；着重；强调in the stress of the moment 一时紧张time of stress 危难之际，非常时期lay/place/put stress on. 把重点放在上under the stress of. 为所迫Stress and rhythm are important in speaking English. 说英语时重音和节奏都很重要。We must lay stress onself-reliance. 我们必须强调自力更生。stress vt. 着重；强调stress that./sth. 强调The English curriculum should stress both composition and reading.英语课程对写作和阅读应同样重视。Worrying over his job and his wifes health put him under a great stress.忧虑自己的工作及妻子的健康问题使他处于极大的压力之下。【拓展】stressful adj. 紧张的，压力重的stressed adj. 焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的a stressful job/situation/lifestyle 繁重的工作/艰难的处境/紧张的生活方式ashamed 【点拨】ashamed adj. 感到惭愧羞耻的（表语形容词）be ashamed of (doing) sth. 因（做了）某事而感到羞愧She was ashamed of having failed in the examination. 她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。be ashamed to do sth. 耻于的；因难为情而不愿做某事She was ashamed to tell anyone that she had fallen in love with him.她羞于告诉任何人自己爱上了他。feel ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧be ashamed that. 感到羞愧的是【拓展】shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事shameful adj. 可耻的，不体面的He is ashamed of his shameful conduct. 他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。range 【点拨】range n. 种类，范围，幅度，界限a wide range of 一系列a full range of 各种There is a full range of activities for children. 有给孩子们提供的各种活动。in/within range 在射程以内，在范围内beyond/out of range 在射程外，在范围外in/out of the range of 在/超出范围out of ones range 某人能力达不到的，某人知识以外的The child was now out of her range of vision. 这孩子现在走出了她的视线。range v. （在一定范围内）变动，变化；排列range from.to. 在范围内变动，包括由到之间的各类事物range between.and. 在和范围内变动Estimates of the damage range between $1 million and $5 million.估计损失在100万到500万美元之间。She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。appoint 【点拨】appoint vt. 任命；委派The president appointed a new director. 总经理任命了一位新主任。appoint sb. to职位 任命某人担任某职位appoint sb. as. 任命某人为We appointed him (as/to be) chairman. 我们选他担任主席。appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事The teacher appointed me to call the roll. 老师指派我点名。appoint a time/place for 为约定时间/地点The time appointed for the meeting was 10：30. 规定的开会时间是10点30分。【拓展】appointment n任命；约会make an appointment 约会；约定keep/break an appointment 守（失）约Ive made an evening appointment with a client and may not come back for supper.我和一个客户约了晚上见面，可能不会回来吃晚饭了。suit 【点拨】suit n一套外衣；套装 suit vt. 适合；使适宜suit sth. to sth. 使某物适合于另一事物be suited for/to. 适合Would it suit you to come at five? 你五点钟来行吗？If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine. 如果你想坐公共汽车，那对我很方便。Suit the punishmentto the crime, I say. 按我说，要按罪量刑。He and his wife arewellsuitedto each other. 他和妻子十分般配。suitable adj. 适当的, 适宜的, 恰当的be suitable for sb. /sth. 适合于某人/某物be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事The house is not really suitablefor a large family. 这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。重点短语: run out of 【点拨】run out of 用完；用光Sb. runs out of sth. 某人用光某物。Sth. is run out of. 某物被用光。Sth. is running out. 某物快用光了。Sb. uses up sth. 某人用光某物。Sth. is used up. 某物快被用光。Sb. runs short of sth. 某人快用光某物了。Sth. runs short. 某物快用完了。Sb. /Sth. gives out. 某人筋疲力尽/某物用完。Tom had run out of money and he had to write a letter asking his father to send him some by post.汤姆用完了钱，不得不写信让父亲汇些钱来。Food in the flooded arearan out fast since more and more people became homeless.由于愈来愈多的人无家可归，洪灾区的食品很快就用完了。His strengthgave out after he ran that long distance.跑完那么长一段距离，他已精疲力竭。They have used up their money. 他们已经把钱花光了。get into 【点拨】get into 陷入；染上（习惯）；开始对感兴趣How did you getintodrugs？ 你是怎么染上毒品的？I havent really gotinto mynew job yet. 我还未真正熟悉我的新工作。Igotinto conversation with an Italian student. 我与一位意大利学生谈了起来。【拓展】get相关短语有：get into trouble 陷入麻烦get into the habit of. 染上的习惯get into panic 陷入恐慌get (sth.) across (to sb.) （使某事为人）理解get along/on with 进展；相处get away (from) 脱离get back 回来；返回get around/about 四处走动get over 克服；解决；控制get through 接通；完成come about 【点拨】come about 发生；造成；（风、船等）转向How does it come about that.? 是怎样发生的？It comes about like this. 事情是这样发生的Can you tell me how the accident came about？你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？How diditcome about that he knew where we were?他是怎样知道我们在什么地方的呢？注意：come about, happen, take place和 break out 这四个表示“发生”的词语，都是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态。【拓展】come相关短语有：come across 偶遇；碰到come along 进展；进行come out 公开；问世；出版；被发行come round 恢复知觉；苏醒过来come to 涉及；共计；达到come up with 提出come up 上来；被提出；发芽keep on 【点拨】keep on 继续keep on doinggo on doingcontinue doing/to do 继续做Dont keeponmaking such noise. 不要老是发出这样的噪音。I will keeponstriving until I reach my goal! 我还是要继续奋斗直到成功！注意：keep doing sth. 表示动作或状态的持续，连续不断地或反复地做；keep on doing sth. 表示动作的反复，动作之间略有间隔。Dontkeepdoing such foolish things. 不要老是做这样的傻事。【拓展】keep相关短语有：keep sb. /sth. doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事keep sb. /sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事keep down 控制，压制keep up 保持，维持；继续keep up with 跟上，不落在后面keep away 避开，离开，使不靠近keep back 隐瞒（某事），阻止keep off 让开，不接近keep out of. 置身于之外keep together 聚在一起，协调一致keep.in mind 记住keep in touch with. 与保持联系put up with 【点拨】put up with 忍受；容忍I cant putupwith your rudeness any more; leave the room.我不能再忍受你这种无礼的态度了，请离开这个房间。No longer being able to put up with my toothache, I went to consult a dentist.我再也忍受不住牙痛，于是就去找牙科医生诊治。【拓展】put相关短语有：put aside 节省，储蓄，储存put down 写下，记下，击败，平定put off 延期，推迟put on 穿上，戴上，演出put out 熄灭，扑灭put through 接通电话Can you put me through to reservation? 你可以给我接客房部吗？put forward 提出建议，把向前拨He put forward a good plan at the meeting. 他在会议上提出了一项好计划。burn.to the ground 【点拨】burn.to the ground 全部焚毁The house was burntto the ground. 那所房子被彻底焚毁了。【拓展】burn的相关短语有：burn down 把烧成平地，烧光；渐渐烧完，火力减弱burn up 烧起来，烧掉，发怒burn out烧坏，烧掉，烧尽burn.to death 烧死burn off 烧掉，蒸发This exercise helps you to burnoff fat and tone muscles. 这项锻炼有助于消耗脂肪，使肌肉强健。burn away 逐渐烧完；烧光，烧毁Half the candle had burnt away. 那根蜡烛烧掉了一半。make ones way 【点拨】make ones way 一路前进，向前We made our way down the hill towards the town. 我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进。Gradually, Henderson began tomakehis way in politics. 亨德森逐渐在政界有所建树。【拓展】way的相关短语有：feel ones way 摸索着前行fight/push ones way 推挤着前行wind ones way 蜿蜒向前force ones way out 挤出去；冲出去push ones way in 挤进去lose ones way 迷路inch ones way 缓慢前进pick ones way 谨慎前进find ones way 找到出路weave ones way 穿梭前进【高清课堂】高二重点词汇三in spite of【点拨】You use “in spite of” when you are mentioning circumstances which surprisingly do not prevent something from happening or being true. 当提到外界环境令人惊奇地没有阻止某事的发生时，使用“in spite of”表达。 The morning air was still clear and fresh, in spite of all the traffic and the crowd.尽管有这么多的车流和人群，早晨的空气仍然清新而新鲜。In spite of poor health, my father was always cheerful. 尽管健康状况不好，我父亲每天都兴高采烈。You also do not use “in spite of” as a conjunction. You do not say, for example, “In spite of we protested, they took him away”. You say “Although we protested, they took him away”.“in spite of”不可用做连词。可以说“In spite of we protested, they took him away”. 应该说“Although we protested, they took him away”.Although he was late, he stopped to buy a burger. 尽管晚了，他还是停下来买了一个汉堡。Despite means the same as “in spite of”. You do not use “of” after despite. despite和in spite of同义，注意despite后没有of。Despite the differences in their ages they were close friends. 尽管有年龄的区别，他们还是亲近的朋友。词义辨析：attempt, try, manage【点拨】attempt正式用语，常指一次的而不是继续的尝试，往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的。try通俗用语，指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价，后接不定式表示“试图做某事”，后接动名词表“试着做某事”。manage“成功地做成某事”，强调结果。All the students managed to pass the exam. 所有学生都成功地通过了考试。The prisoner attempted an escape, but failed. 那个犯人企图越狱，但失败了。We shouldtry our best to catch up with others. 我们应该尽力追上其他人。transform, change, convert, shift, transfer【点拨】transform强调完全改变某事或人的外观或特征。change着重强调与以前不一样，是最常用的单词。convert是由一种形式或作用转变成为另一种形式或作用。shift含有轻易变动之意，一般用于改变位置或方向，或出于不正当动机把罪过嫁祸给他人。transfer意为“移交，转移”，强调从一处转移到另一处。Convert coal to/into pipeline gas. 将煤转化为管道气。He shifted the chair closer to the bed. 他把椅子向床移近。Please have my luggage transferred to the railway station. 请把我的行李转到火车站去。The Greens have transformed their garage into a guest house. 格林家把他们的车库改成了客房。The weather ischanging for better/worse. 天气正在变好/坏。appropriate, fit, suitable, proper【点拨】四个词都含有“适合”的意思。appropriate指适合于特殊的人、场合、地位等，强调自然具备适宜的性质。fit意为某人或某物在目的上、用途上适合。suitable意味着适合某种情况。proper含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义，还表示某物具有它应当具备的性质。This is a proper tool for the job. 这是一件适合那项工作的工具。The house is not really suitable for a large family. 这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。His casual clothes were not appropriate for such a formal occasion.他的便服不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。He isfit for the job. 他能胜任这项工作。eventually, finally, at last, in the end【点拨】这四个词或短语均在句中做状语，含“最后，最终”之意，区别如下：eventually通常指由某一必然原因导致的“最终的结果”。finally指经过一段时间的等待才出现结果，主要位于动词前面，有时用于列举中的最后一项。at last表明说话者主观的语气很强烈，指经过一段时间的期待好不容易才出现的结果，暗示心里一阵“轻松”。通常位于句首或句末。in the end“最后，最终”，语气稍弱，指经过种种变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况之后某事才发生。At last an agreement was reached between the two parties. 双方最终达成了协议。She failed so many times thatin theend she gave up hope. 她多次失败，最终放弃了希望。He worked so hard thateventually he made himself ill. 他工作太卖力，最后病倒了。We need to increase productivity; we need to cut down the cost, and finally we need to make our goods competitive on world markets.我们需要提高生产率，我们需要降低成本；最后，我们还需要提高我们的商品在国际上的竞争力。glance, glare, stare, glimpse【点拨】glance指快速地看某人或某物一眼。glare指以强烈的敌意或怒气，威吓般注视。stare指由于生气、害怕或吃惊而睁大眼睛注视某人或某物。glimpse意为“瞥见”，是glance动作的结果。He walked and glanced at his watch now and then. 他走着，不时看一下手表。They glared at each other across the table after the quarrel.