毕业论文-目的论视角下旅游景点翻译--以黄山为例.doc

湖南科技大学潇湘学院毕业设计（论文） 题 目目的论视角下旅游景点翻译-以黄山为例作者专业英语学号指导教师 二一六年 5 月 21 日Chinese- English Translation of the Yellow Mountain from the Perspective of Skopos TheoryA thesisSubmitted toxiaoxiang collegeHunan University of Science and TechnologyIn Partial Fulfillment ofThe Requirements forThe Degree of Bachelor of ArtsByZhou JingUnder the Supervision ofAssociate Prof. Zhang XuezhuMay, 2016湖 南 科 技 大 学潇湘学院毕业设计（论文）任务书 外国语 系 英语 教研室教研室主任: （签名） 年 月 日学生姓名: 周靖 学号: 1262010307 专业: 教育英语 1 设计（论文）题目及专题： 目的论视角下旅游景点翻译以黄山为例 2 学生设计（论文）时间：自2015年12月1日开始至2016年6月20日止3 设计（论文）所用资源和参考资料： 1 Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies: Theory and Application M. Shanghai: Shanghai foreign language Education Press, 2010. 2 Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of translation M. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001. 3 Nida, E, A. Language and Culture-Contexts in Translation M. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001. 4 丁大刚. 旅游英语的语言特色与翻译M. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2008. 5 方梦之. 毛忠明. 英汉汉英翻译教程M. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2005.4 设计（论文）应完成的主要内容：随着旅游日益流行，旅游翻译也凸显出重要地位。本文试以目的论为指导，通过对黄山旅游景点翻译的应用研究，发现问题，试提出弥补旅游翻译的错误的方法，对旅游翻译有一定作用。5 提交设计（论文）形式（设计说明与图纸或论文等）及要求：1）要求学生认真、独立完成毕业论文的写作 2）要求按照学校规定的论文格式撰写论文 3）要求及时同指导老师进行沟通，按步骤完成论文的写作和答辩工作。 6 发题时间： 2015 年 12 月 10 日指导教师： （签名）学 生： （签名）湖 南 科 技 大 学潇湘学院毕业设计（论文）指导人评语主要对学生毕业设计（论文）的工作态度，研究内容与方法，工作量，文献应用，创新性，实用性，科学性，文本（图纸）规范程度，存在的不足等进行综合评价 指导人： （签名）年 月 日 指导人评定成绩： 湖 南 科 技 大 学潇湘学院毕业设计（论文）评阅人评语主要对学生毕业设计（论文）的文本格式、图纸规范程度，工作量，研究内容与方法，实用性与科学性，结论和存在的不足等进行综合评价 评阅人： （签名）年 月 日 评阅人评定成绩： 湖 南 科 技 大 学潇湘学院毕业设计（论文）答辩记录日期： 学生： 学号： 班级： 题目： 提交毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会下列材料：1 设计（论文）说明书共页2 设计（论文）图 纸共页3 指导人、评阅人评语共页毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会评语：主要对学生毕业设计（论文）的研究思路，设计（论文）质量，文本图纸规范程度和对设计（论文）的介绍，回答问题情况等进行综合评价 答辩委员会主任： （签名）委员： （签名）（签名）（签名）（签名） 答辩成绩： 总评成绩： （等级） AbstractNowadays, Yellow Mountain scenic spots have attracted a lot of foreign visitors. For them, tourist translation text in English is the most convenient material to get the tourist information. This paper is based on Skopos Theory and analyzes problems existing in the translation text, then gives some corresponding solutions, so as to promote tourism in the vigorous development of our country.Key worlds: tourism; scenic spot translation; Skopos Theoryi - -摘要当今黄山风景区吸引了大量的外来游客。对于他们来说，旅游景点介绍英语翻译文本是得到旅游信息最便利的方法。本文以目的论为指导，研究黄山旅游景点介绍的英译本，发现介绍翻译中存在的不足，并给出一些相对应的解决方案，从而促进旅游业在我国的蓬勃发展。关键词：旅游；旅游翻译；目的论ii - -湖南科技大学潇湘学院本科生毕业论文ContentsAbstracti摘要iiIntroduction1I. Basic information of Skopos Theory21.1 Brief Introduction21.2 Three Principles of Skopos Theory21.2.1 Skopos Rule21.2.1 Coherence Rule31.2.3 Fidelity Rule3II. Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot Text42.1 The Definition and Functions of Scenic Spot Text42.2 The Classification of Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot Text4III. C-E translation of Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot Text Translation73.1 The Application of Skopos Theory to Scenic Spot Translation73.1.1 Skopos Rules Application in Scenic Spot Translation73.1.2 Coherence Rule s Application in Scenic Spot Translation83.1.3 Fidelity Rule s Application in Scenic Spot Translation93.2 Proposed Strategies for C-E Translation103.2.1 Supplementary103.2.2 Omission113.2.3 Integration13Conclusion14Bibliography15Acknowledgements16IntroductionTourism industry in China is becoming booming, thus it calls for a well-translated text in English in order to attract amount of foreign visitors coming to China and enjoy the scenery. Among these scenic spot translation texts, there are some successful examples, but there are still a lot of versions far from satisfaction. By collecting lots of first-hand material, we have found some types translation problems in scenic spot translation text. These problems prevent the communication with the foreign visitors and may leave a negative impression after, during and before the journey of China. In the long term, it is bad for our tourist development. In recent years a study of scenic spot has flourished in Chinas translation circle. Abundant studies contributing to this field discuss this issue from different aspects, such as the existing problems of translated version. One fact should be pointed out that many scholars discuss this topic from the perspective of Skopos Theory. Also, some scholars discuss the topic from a functionalist viewpoint. In a word, translation strategies based on the Skopos Theory are useful.Yellow Mountain, world cultural and natural heritages, is the only Department of Chinas top ten scenic spots mountain scenery. In the history, numerous men of letters, famous patriots left vast ink and the Psalms. However, most of foreign know little about Yellow Mountain. Language is a part of culture, so we should make it better(Newmark, Peter, 2001). In order to improve the situation that there are scenic spot translation texts with poor quality, the thesis has point out three suggestions: Supplementary, Omission and Integration according to the Skopos theory. The first chapter introduces the Skopos theory, focusing on the three rules. The second chapter introduces the scenic spot translation and the last chapter analyzes the application between the scenic spot translation and the Skopos theory, mainly paying attention to the problems of the scenic spot translation and suggestions to improve the situation.I. Basic information of Skopos TheorySkopos Theory is an approach translation which was developed in Germany in the late 1970s(Vermeer, 1978). It studies the functions of the texts, the purposes of the translation and the translation strategies.(简磊，2014, translated by the author). Skopos theory is to apply the concept of Skopos in translation theory. Skopos this term is usually used to refer to the purpose of the translation.1.1 Brief IntroductionThe word Skopos comes from the Greek word for “Skopos”. In Vermeers Skopos theories, the most important factor is the audience - the recipients, because they have their own cultural background knowledge, the translation of expectations and communicative needs(2000). Each translation is directed to a certain audience, so translation is a discourse produced in the context of the target language for a certain purpose and target audience. Vermeer believes that the original text is only a source of information for the target audience to provide some or all of the information(2000，translated by the author). The position of the original text in the theory is obviously lower than that in the theory of equivalence. Central idea of Skopos theory is action- everything has a purpose. Translation is a kind of action, so the translator will be under the guidance of translation purpose, and consider all possible related factors to determine the most appropriate way of action .1.2 Three Principles of Skopos TheorySkopos Theory includes three principles: Skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule.1.2.1 Skopos RuleAccording to Skopos theories, Skopos rule is the principal rule for any translations. The aim that the translation is to attain determines the whole translation process,“the end justifies the means”(Nord,2001:124). Each text is produced for a given purpose and should serve this purpose. The response can never be identical due to the different cultural settings between the target language and source language. But there should be a high degree of equivalent reaction, or else the translation will have failed to accomplish its purpose(Nida&Taber,2004:24). In a word, the target text and the source text must be equivalent in functionally.1.2.1 Coherence RuleAnother important rule of Skopos theory, the “coherence rule”, specifies that the target textmust be interpretable as coherent with the target text receivers situation(Reiss and Vermeer 1984:113). In other words, the text is meaningful to target culture listeners. Translation must conform to the coherence of the standard, that is, the target text must be acceptable, and the recipient can understand the meaning in the target culture and translation of the communicative context. It mainly considers on the integration of translation. Choosing words accurately is to make the sentence to maintain fluency and coherence.1.2.3 Fidelity Rule Translation is a process of offering information. It is expected to bear some relationship with the corresponding source text. The fidelity rule merely states that there must be coherence between the translated version and the source text. The source text deposed “provide information”, the translation should be close to the source text. However, the extent and form of fidelity depends on the translator, the translation of the source text and the translation Skopos. Fidelity rules are subordinate to the purpose of the rules.II. Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot TextScenic spot text is a broad term, and it includes many kinds aspects, such as transportation, entertainment, shopping and so on. For foreign visitors, they can get the information from the translation text.2.1 The Definition and Functions of Scenic Spot TextScenic Spot Text is a text with activities, professionals and industries of the scenic spot. China, as one of the worlds ancient civilizations, has a long history of cultural and historical tradition. The natural history of the motherland, ethnic customs, and scenic spots attract tourists from all over the world. Tourism has become one of the main pillar industries in our country. In recent years, more and more foreign tourists came to China to enjoy the beautiful scenery. Chinas tourism presents a prosperous scene. Scenic Spot Text plays an important role in promoting the development of tourism culture and tourism economy. It helps the tourists to get familiar with the historical and features of the tourism destinations and interest the inbound tourist and inspire their interest of the tourist destination and stimulate the tourist to stay longer. It also can provide the first information and help the visitors enjoy the scenery directly.2.2 The Classification of Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot TextYellow Mountain scenic spot text can be classified into several types:The concept-based text: The concept-based text is primarily used for cultural or historical elements, which can not reflect the conceptual meanings. It is employed to supply what the text should have and to establish communication with the target reader. Its function is to draw the readers focus on the scenic spot.(1) 西海，顾名思义，即是黄山西部群峰，是黄山风景区中最秀丽深邃的部分，又被称为梦幻景区。西海大峡谷又被称为白云谷，是黄山风景区新开发的一处景区，主要入口是在北海景区西海的排云亭。(发现之旅)(2) 因为这里高旷开阔，日光照射久长，故名光明顶。（光明顶风景旅游区介绍）These are just simple definitions of the concept, purely directing these two sceneries. It does not mention the important information about them. It does mention a piece of information that a new scenery spot is coming and it is time to visit it with heart. The purpose of this kind of text is to draw the focuses of foreign guest, and then they can enjoy the following beautiful scenery.Descriptive information text: Descriptive information is combined with basic information and additional information. It describes information on the characteristics of the tourist destination and its thematic characteristics. It is mainly to describe the nature and characteristics of the tourism destination and its thematic characteristics. It is both objective and subjective, and may be exaggerated.(3) 或倚岸挺拔，或独立峰巅，或倒悬绝壁，或冠平如盖，或尖削似剑。忽悬、忽横、忽卧、忽起，“无树非松，无石不松，无松不奇.（黄山奇松介绍）These sentences are mainly to describe the pine trees in different poses and with different expressions. The words of description is extremely strong, and is vivid reflection of the pines in the odd, odd in the growth environment, odd in the beautiful posture, odd in the indomitable spirit.Evaluative /Appraisal information text :Evaluation of information is the evaluation of tourism destination and its thematic projects to deepen the understanding of the theme of the project. It contains information which is implied or induced. This kind of text will contain the original authors personal expression style, and the subjectivity is strong. Based on the evaluative or appraisal Information text, there are some most popular tourist spots in generally, which are introduced and praised from mouth to mouth after visiting.(4) 游客到此，顿时游兴倍增，纷纷摄影留念，引以为幸。（黄山市黄山风景区，中国旅行出版社，2007）(5) 由于地势平坦，所以是黄山看日出、观云海的最佳地点之一。（黄山市黄山风景区，中国旅行出版社，2007）There are many similar sentences, with a subjective view of the landscape. It conveys information. It can also be said that, to a certain extent, it provides visitors with some advice.Cultural information text: Cultural information contains cultural words, with obvious cultural recognition. Information communication is relatively strong, but with greater flexibility. The translator should grasp the needs of foreign visitors to the relevant cultural content and the ability to accept. The fable story often contains many cultural words.(6)仙女绣花、天女弹琴、天狗听琴、仙人踩高跷、武松打虎（黄山西海群峰介绍）Information of tips text: The information attached to the two or three level of the subject of information related matters needing attention. For example: to provide visitors with the project opening time, traffic travel, shopping tips and folk taboos, etc.(7) 排云亭位于西海门，建于民国24年。这里视野开阔，是观赏黄山巧石奇景的最佳地点。（排云亭简介）(8) 它们大都是三分形象，七分想象，从人的心理移情于石，使一块冥顽不灵的石头凭空有了精灵跳脱的生命。欣赏时不妨充分调动自己的主观创造力，可获更高的审美享受。（怪石简介）Many similar sentences like the example provide visitors with a view to achieve the greatest aesthetic requirements.III. C-E translation of Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot Text TranslationThere are many language differences between English and Chinese tourist text. Jia Yu-xin said that “Scenic spot translation is decoding the Chinese culture and making it conform to English culture, which is part of cross culture communication”(贾，1997). The translation should take a higher position-cross culture position to the translation work. The chapter mainly analyzes the application to find the problems.3.1 The Application of Skopos Theory to Scenic Spot TranslationDue to the differences between English and Chinese tourist text, it is unavoidably that there exist some problems rendering Chinese tourist text into English. It is known to us that a successful scenic spot text should be enough to achieve the intended purposes: attracting the potential visitors desire to pay a visit to it. According to the Skopos Theory, an excellent translator should consider the target receivers and the intended purposes of the original text. Translators of the tourist texts should focus on the ultimate purpose and the target readers needs. In order to present a target text catering to the language and cultural features of the original text, the translator should adapt the source text on the basis of preserving the main and essential information of the source text. 3.1.1 Skopos Rules Application in Scenic Spot TranslationSkopos rule is at the peak among the three principles of the Skopos Theory. It stresses that the intention of the translation determines the process of the translation. For the translation of the scenic spot, the main purpose is to offer tourism information correctly and attract visitors to visit China. To achieve this purpose, the translation should be well expressed and meet the visitors requirements as much as possible. In a word, only when the intended purposes of the original texts are achieved adequately, the translation text can be regarded as successful.(9)古人称“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳”，是因为黄山美景着实令人叹为观止。Thanks to its stunning beauty, Yellow Mountain was praised by ancient people with the sentence:“Trips to Chinas five great mountains render trips to other mountains unnecessary, and a trip to Yellow Mountain renders trips to the five great mountains unnecessary.”It is a typical example. Chinese visitors are familiar with the five mountains, while it is not a easy thing for most of foreign visitors to understand the meaning of the five mountains. In source text, it wants to express the beauty of the Yellow Mountain by quoting the famous sentence and it is a really well-enjoyed for Chinese visitors. This is to say, the purpose of quoting the famous sentence is to express the beautiful scenery. Reading the version carefully, it describes the content of the source text completely. Disappointedly, it pays much attention to the translation of the famous sentence, and the foreign visitors feel puzzled at the famous sentence, thus cant reach the purpose of the source text directly. Better translation: The scenery of Yellow Mountain is so exceptional that you dont want to visit the famous five mountains after seeing t