云南专版2018年中考英语特训复习第3编中考题型攻略篇8词形变化试题.docx

八、词形变化词形变化无非是动词与名词、形容词与副词、名词与形容词之间的相互转化，考生只要记住它们之间的转化规则就很简单了。一、名词变形容词的方法 1在名词后面加 y 可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词) 。如：rainrainy，cloudcloudy，windwindy，snowsnowy，healthhealthy，lucklucky 等。 注意：(1) 如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加 y。如：sunsunny，funfunny 等。 (2) 少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉 e 再加 y。如：noisenoisy，iceicy 等。 2一些抽象名词在词尾加 ful 可以变为形容词。如：carecareful，thankthankful，helphelpful，useuseful，beautybeautiful，hopehopeful，wonder wonderful等。3一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加 ese，ish 或 n 构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。如：ChinaChinese，JapanJapanese，EnglandEnglish，AmericaAmerican，IndiaIndian，RussiaRussian，AustraliaAustralian 等(注意CanadaCanadian)。 4在名词后加 ous 变为形容词。如：dangerdangerous，famefamous等。 5在名词后加 ly 变为形容词。如：friendfriendly，lovelovely 等。 6在名词后加 less 构成含有否定意义的形容词。如：carecareless(粗心的) ，useuseless(无用的) ，hopehopeless(没希望的) ，homehomeless(无家可归的) 等。 7一些以 ence 结尾的名词，把 ence 改为 ent 变成形容词。如：differencedifferent, silencesilent 等。 二、动词变名词的方法 1词形不变，词性改变。如：work，study，water，plant 等可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。 2一些动词在词尾加上 er 或 or 之后就变成了表示“某一类人”的名词。如：workworker，teachteacher，singsinger，jumpjumper，playplayer，learnlearner，visitvisitor，inventinventor，actactor等。 注意：(1) 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，在词尾加 r。如：drivedriver，writewriter，dancedancer 等。 (2) 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 er。如：runrunner, winwinner, beginbeginner 等。 3在动词词尾加 ing 变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同) 。如： meetmeeting，buildbuilding，waitwaiting，washwashing，swimswimming，shopshopping, beginbeginning 等。 三、形容词变为副词的方法 一般在形容词的词尾加ly可以变成副词。如：quickquickly，slowslowly，loudloudly，suddensuddenly，realreally 等。但是，以下几点需要注意： 1一些以“辅音字母y”结尾的形容词，要把 y 改为 i 再加 ly。如：happyhappily，angryangrily，luckyluckily, heavyheavily, noisynoisily 等。 2有些以 ble 或 le 结尾的形容词，去掉 e 加 y。如：possiblepossibly, terribleterribly 等。 3少数以 e 结尾的形容词，要去掉 e 再加 ly。如：truetruly 等。但绝大多数以 e 结尾的形容词仍然直接加 ly。如：politepolitely, widewidely 等。 4以 l 结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加 ly，而不是只加 y。除非是以 ll 结尾的才在词尾只加 y。如：usualusually，carefulcarefully，usefulusefully，fullfully 等。四、英语词汇的词形变化除了前面讲的词根派生词缀构成的派生词的变化外，还存在有一些单词词尾的屈折变化，它们是：1表示名词复数的词形变化。如：handhands(手)，picturepictures(图片)，knifeknives(小刀)，citycities(城市) 2表示形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的词形变化。如：cheapcheapercheapest (便宜的)，latelaterlatest(迟来的；迟来地)，earlyearlierearliest(早的；早地) 3表示动词一般现在时第三人称单数的词形变化。如：cleancleans(打扫)，catchcatches(接住)，carrycarries(携带) 4表示动词过去时和ed分词的词形变化。如： carrycarried(搬运)，closeclosed(关闭)，stopstopped (阻止) 5表示动词ing分词的词形变化。如：walkwalking(走)，makemaking(做)，sitsitting(坐) 1Li Ping is good at_drawing_(draw)2Mary is my_elder_(old)sister and she is 2 years_older_(old)than I. 3Alice prefers to do some_shopping_(shop)4Excuse me，what is the_meaning_ (mean) of this word?5All the_winners_ (win) of the game will be given a nice present tomorrow.6The video game machine is so_interesting_(interest) that all of us are_interested_(interest) in it.7We are_truely_ (true) thankful for all your help.8Our life today is much_better_(good) than before.9December is the_twelfth_(twelve) month of a year.10Computers are becoming more and more_useful_ (use) in our life.11“Dont play football in the street，”the policeman shouted at the children_angrily_(angry)12Did you enjoy_yourself_(you) at yesterdays party? 13The old man likes to live in a_quiet_(quiet) place.Now he is sitting there_quietly_ (quiet)14Every morning my grandpa spends half an hour_watering_ (water) the flowers.15Computers can work out problems far_more_quickly_(quick) than human beings.16The little girl plays the piano_wonderfully_(wonder)17When he was only 3 years old，he started hard_training_(train) with his father.18Now more and more_visitors_ (visit) are coming to visit China from other countries.19I found his_lost_ (lose) pen under the table.20Have you received Marys_invitation_(invite)? 21We must not only think_ourselves_(we)22Today is his_eightieth_(eighty) birthday.23Tom can throw_farther_ (far) than I.24He started_playing_(play) the piano at the age of four.25Children should do some housework.It is also a way of_relaxing_(relax)26“It is never too late to learn”is a Chinese_saying_(say)27My deskmate looks_unhappy_(happy)，for he failed in the English test.28How_lucky_(luck) he has got the first prize! 29Many animals are so_helpful_(help) to us.30We are going to have a_discussion_ (discuss) about this problem.31We want to have a talk with your_manager_(manage)32The famous_scientist_(science) can speak 3 languages.33My daughter looks much_healthier_(health) than her deskmate.34. The weather report says