大学英语精读第五册第三版第三单元.ppt

1.TheSecretofSelf-image,BR_MAIN,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,2.VideoClip,3.BackgroundInformation,BeforeReading_2_1,TheSecretofSelf-image,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Directions:Whatdoyoulearnfromthefollowingpicture?Canyoufindagoodtitleforit?,1.TalkAboutthePicture,BeforeReading_2_2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,2.WhatIsSelf-image?,TheSecretofSelf-image,Directions:Herearevariousdefinitionsofself-image.Whichonesdoyouagreewith?,Self-imageis:Howyouregardyourself.Thementalpictureofhowyoubelieveyouappeartoothers.Howyoubelieveothersseeyouphysically.Youridea(positiveornegative,rationalorirrational)ofhowyoupresentyourselftoothersandhowyouaresubsequentlyjudgedbythem.Apersonalassessmentofyourcharacter,personality,skills,abilities,andotherattributes.Apowerfulinternalmechanisminfluencinghowyoufeelaboutyourself.,BeforeReading_2_3,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Thefollowingitemsarehowpeopleassesstheirbodyimage.Choosethosestatementsthataretrueforyou.Ifyouchoosethreeormoreitems,yourbodyimageisaffectingyourself-imageinanegativeway.,Directions:,3.AQuestionnaire,TheSecretofSelf-image,Idislikeseeingmyselfinmirrors.Ifindshoppingforclothesunpleasant.Iamashamedtobeseeninpublic.Iliketopretendtobeinvisibleinpublicsettings.IaminitiallyshyinsocialgatheringsorwhenImeetnewpeople.Iamself-consciousaboutmybodyinthepresenceofapersonoftheoppositesex.Ifeelthatotherpeoplemustthinkmybodyisunattractive.,BeforeReading_2_4,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,TheSecretofSelf-image,Ifeelself-consciousinabathingsuit.Iavoidsocialoccasionslikeswimparties,beachpicnics,orhotelpoolswhereswimsuitsareusuallyworn.IfindthatIamconstantlycomparingmybodytothoseofothers.IfinditdifficulttoenjoyactivitiesbecauseIamconsciousofmyphysicalappearance.Ifeelself-conscioussittinginabeautysalonorbarbershopbecauseofmyphysicalappearance.Ifeelself-consciousovermyweightproblemandhowitaffectsmylooks.,Directions:,BeforeReading_2_5,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,4.HowDoesYourSelf-imageAffectYou?,Itisfromyourself-imagethatyou(1)developlabelsforyourself;(2)developscriptsastohowyoubelieveyoushouldacttofittheimage.Positiveself-imageyieldsself-affirmingbehaviors,whilenegativeself-imageyieldsself-defeatingbehaviors.Trytocompletethefollowingtabletoseehowself-imageworks.,TheSecretofSelf-image,BeforeReading_2_6,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,overeatandnotexercise,fat,beagoodproblemsolveranddecisionmaker,intelligent,beabletohandlelifeschallengeswithconfidence;besuccessfulinyourendeavors,competent,beeasytogettoknow,sociable,outgoing,friendly,actinadepressedway,depressed,actlikealoser,loser,actlikeawinner,winner,TheSecretofSelf-image,BeforeReading_3.1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,VideoClip,Directions:Agroupofanimalsaretalkingabouttheirself-images.Whatdotheythinkofthemselves?Watchtheandfillintheblanks.,videoclip,Itrytoappear,butImnotalways.IthinkIlook.Herbestphysicalfeatureis.Thebestfeatureistheir.Ihavea,justlikea.IguessIlook.Imnot.Im.,BeforeReading_3.2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,VideoClip,Couldyoudescribeyourphysicalappearance?,pleasant,_,pleasant,_,goodformyage,_,theshapeofherbody,_,Vulture:Bee:Pig:Owl:Penguin:Lobster:,eyes,_,perfectface,_,model,_,OK,_,overweight,_,underweight,_,MaxwellMaltzcreatedtheself-improvementphenomenon,Psycho-Cybernetics.Formanyyears,hehadapracticeasareconstructiveandcosmeticfacialsurgeon,buthemovedfromtreating“outerscars”to“innerscars”afterobservingthatsomepatientswerestillunhappydespitetheirnewfaces.Someclaimedthatalthoughtheirappearancechanged,theydidnotfeelanydifferent.Dr.Maltztriedtofindoutwhythiswashappening.,BeforeReading_4.1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,BackgroundInformation,MaxwellMaltz,Hediscoveredthatyour“outerlife”wasareflectionofhowyousawyourselfontheinside,whathecalled“self-image”.Dr.Maltznotedthatyoucanneverrisehigherthanyourself-image.Ifyour“innerself”isnotequaltoyour“outerself”,thenyouwillalwaysrevertbacktowhereyouthinkyoubelong.,Afteradecadeofcounselingpatients,extensiveresearch,andtestinghisevolving“successconditioningtechniques”,Dr.Maltzpublishedhisfindingsin1960.ThebookPsycho-Cyberneticswasaninstantbestsellerandmadehimoneofthemostin-demandmotivationalspeakersthroughoutthe1960sandtheearly1970s.Dr.Maltzwroteoveradozenbooks,applyingPsycho-Cyberneticstodifferentpurposes,includingbusinesssuccess.,BeforeReading_4.2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,BackgroundInformation,GlobeReading_main,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,1.SentenceRearrangement,2.Match,3.TrueorFalse,4.ShortAnswerQuestions,GlobeReading_1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,SentenceRearrangement,Directions:ThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromtextA.Rearrangethemintoalogicalorder.,1.Buttheyhadneverthoughttochangetheirthinkingofthe“self”whichwastoaccomplishthesethings.2.Numerouspatientshavesaidtomesomethinglikethefollowing:“Ifyouaretalkingaboutpositivethinking,Ivetriedthatbefore,anditjustdoesntworkforme.”3.Oneofthereasonsithasseemedsodifficultforapersontochangehishabits,hispersonality,orhiswayoflife,hasbeenthatheretoforenearlyalleffortsatchangehavebeendirectedtothecircumferenceoftheself,sotospeak,ratherthantothecenter.4.However,alittlequestioninginvariablybringsoutthattheseindividualshaveemployed“positivethinking,”orattemptedtoemployit,eitheruponparticularexternalcircumstances,oruponsomeparticularhabitorcharacterdefect.,3-2-4-1,GlobalReading_2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Directions:Matchtheviewpointswiththesupportingdetails.,Match,b;c;e,a;d,GlobeReading_3,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,TrueorFalse,3.Ithasbeendifficultforsomepeopletochangetheirwayoflifebecausetheireffortsatchangearedirectedtotheirself-images.,Allofusarefullyawareofourself-image,i.e.amentalpictureofourselves.,2.Youwillactlikethepersonofyourself-imagesubconsciously.,F,(),Ithasbeendifficultforsomepeopletochangetheirwayoflifebecausetheireffortsatchangearedirectedtoexternalcircumstances,ratherthantothecenter.,T,(),F,(),Theself-imagemaybevague,andtosomepeople,itmaynotbeconsciouslyrecognizableatall.,4.Inordertothinkpositivelyaboutaparticularsituation,youhavetoholdapositiveconceptofself.,T,(),GlobeReading_4,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,1.“Jesuswarnedusaboutthefollyofputtingapatchofnewmaterialuponanoldgarment,orofputtingnewwineintooldbottles.”ThissentenceisquotedfromtheNewTestament.WhatdidDr.Maltzactuallywanttotellus?2.WhatisLeckystheoryandhowdidhetestit?3.Whatisthedifferencebetween“Iflunkedthatsubject”and“Iamaflunk-out”?4.CanyouguesswhatSelfConsistency,aTheoryofPersonalityismainlyabout?,ShortAnswerQuestions,Article,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Doyouwantabetterlife?Accordingtotheauthorofthefollowingarticle,thesolutioniseasy.Simplychangethewayyoulookatyourselfandyouwillchangethewayyoulive.Improvingyourself-imageisyourkeytolivingabetterlife.,Article1,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Themostimportantpsychologicaldiscoveryofthiscenturyisthediscoveryofthe“self-image.”Whetherwerealizeitornot,eachofuscarriesaboutwithusamentalblueprintorpictureofourselves.Itmaybevagueandill-definedtoourconsciousgaze.Infact,itmaynotbeconsciouslyrecognizableatall.Butitisthere,completedowntothelastdetail.Thisself-imageisourownconceptionofthe“sortofpersonIam.”Ithasbeenbuiltupfromourownbeliefsaboutourselves.Butmost,YourKeytoaBetterLifeMaxwellMaltz,ofthesebeliefsaboutourselveshaveunconsciouslybeenformedfromourpastexperiences,oursuccessesandfailures,ourhumiliations,ourtriumphs,andthewayotherpeoplehavereactedtous,especiallyinearlychildhood.Fromallthesewementallyconstructa“self,”(orapictureofaself).Onceanideaorabeliefaboutourselvesgoesintothispictureitbecomes“true,”asfaraswepersonallyareconcerned.Wedonotquestionitsvalidity,butproceedtoactuponitjustasifitweretrue.,Article2,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Thisself-imagebecomesagoldenkeytolivingabetterlifebecauseoftwoimportantdiscoveries:1.Allyouractions,feelings,behaviorevenyourabilitiesarealwaysconsistentwiththisself-image.Inshort,youwill“actlike”thesortofpersonyouconceiveyourselftobe.Notonlythis,butyouliterallycannotactotherwise,inspiteofallyourconsciouseffortsorwillpower.Themanwhoconceiveshimselftobea“failuretypeperson”willfindsomewaytofail,inspiteofallhisgoodintentions,orhiswillpower,evenifopportunityisliterallydumpedinhislap.Thepersonwhoconceiveshimselftobeavictimofinjustice,one“whowasmeanttosuffer”willinvariablyfindcircumstancestoverifyhisopinions.Theself-imageisa“premise,”abase,orafoundationuponwhichyourentirepersonality,yourbehavior,andevenyourcircumstancesarebuilt.Becauseofthisourexperiencesseemtoverify,andtherebystrengthenourself-images,andaviciousorabeneficentcycle,asthecasemaybe,issetup.,Article3,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Forexample,aschoolboywhoseeshimselfasan“F”typestudent,oronewhois“dumbinmathematics,”willinvariablyfindthathisreportcardbearshimout.Hethenhas“proof.”Ayounggirlwhohasanimageofherselfasthesortofpersonnobodylikes,willfindindeedthatsheisavoidedattheschooldance.Sheliterallyinvitesrejection.Herwoebegoneexpression,herhang-dogmanner,herover-anxiousnesstoplease,orperhapsherunconscioushostilitytowardsthosesheanticipateswillaffrontherallacttodriveawaythosewhomshewouldattract.Inthesamemanner,asalesmanorabusinessmanwillalsofindthathisactualexperiencestendto“prove”hisself-imageiscorrect.,Becauseofthisobjective“proof”itveryseldomoccurstoapersonthathistroubleliesinhisself-imageorhisownevaluationofhimself.Telltheschoolboythatheonly“thinks”hecannotmasteralgebra,andhewilldoubtyoursanity.Hehastriedandtried,andstillhisreportcardtellsthestory.Tellthesalesmanthatitisonlyanideathathecannotearnmorethanacertainfigure,andhecanproveyouwrongbyhisorderbook.Heknowsonlytoowellhowhardhehastriedandfailed.Yet,asweshallseelater,almostmiraculouschangeshaveoccurredbothingradesofstudents,andintheearningcapacityofsalesmenwhentheywereprevailedupontochangetheirself-images.,Article4,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Article5,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,2.Theself-imagecanbechanged.Numerouscasehistorieshaveshownthatoneisnevertooyoungnortoooldtochangehisself-imageandtherebystarttoliveanewlife.Oneofthereasonsithasseemedsodifficultforapersontochangehishabits,hispersonality,orhiswayoflife,hasbeenthatheretoforenearlyalleffortsatchangehavebeendirectedtothecircumferenceoftheself,sotospeak,ratherthantothecenter.Numerouspatientshavesaidtomesomethinglikethefollowing:“Ifyouaretalkingaboutpositivethinking,Ivetriedthatbefore,anditjustdoesntworkforme.”However,alittlequestioninginvariablybringsoutthattheseindividualshaveemployed“positivethinking,”orattemptedtoemployit,eitheruponparticularexternalcircumstances,oruponsomeparticularhabitorcharacterdefect(“Iwillgetthatjob.”“Iwillbemorecalmandrelaxedinthefuture.”“Thisbusinessventurewillturnoutrightforme,”etc.)Buttheyhadneverthoughttochangetheirthinkingofthe“self”whichwastoaccomplishthesethings.,Article6,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Jesuswarnedusaboutthefollyofputtingapatchofnewmaterialuponanoldgarment,orofputtingnewwineintooldbottles.“Positivethinking”cannotbeusedeffectivelyasapatchoracrutchtothesameoldself-image.Infact,itisliterallyimpossibletoreallythinkpositivelyaboutaparticularsituation,aslongasyouholdanegativeconceptofself.And,numerousexperimentshaveshownthatoncetheconceptofselfischanged,otherthingsconsistentwiththenewconceptofself,areaccomplishedeasilyandwithoutstrain.,OneoftheearliestandmostconvincingexperimentsalongthislinewasconductedbythelatePrescottLecky,oneofthepioneersinself-imagepsychology.Leckyconceivedofthepersonalityasa“systemofideas,”allofwhichmustseemtobeconsistentwitheachother.Ideaswhichareinconsistentwiththesystemarerejected,“notbelieved,”andnotactedupon.Ideaswhichseemtobeconsistentwiththesystemareaccepted.,Article7,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Attheverycenterofthissystemofideasthekeystonethebaseuponwhichallelseisbuilt,istheindividuals“egoideal,”his“self-image,”orhisconceptionofhimself.Leckywasaschoolteacherandhadanopportunitytotesthistheoryuponthousandsofstudents.,Leckytheorizedthatifastudenthadtroublelearningacertainsubject,itcouldbebecause(fromthestudentspointofview)itwouldbeinconsistentforhimtolearnit.Leckybelieved,however,thatifyoucouldchangethestudentsself-conception,whichunderliesthisviewpoint,hisattitudetowardthesubjectwouldchangeaccordingly.Ifthestudentcouldbeinducedtochangehisself-definition,hislearningabilityshouldalsochange.Thisprovedtobethecase.Onestudentwhomisspelled55wordsoutofahundredandflunkedsomanysubjectsthathelostcreditforayear,madeageneralaverageof91thenextyearandbecameoneofthebestspellersinschool.Aboywhowasdroppedfromonecollegebecauseofpoorgrades,enteredColumbiaandbecameastraight“A”student.,Thetroublewiththesestudentswasnotthattheyweredumb,orlackinginbasicaptitudes.Thetroublewasaninadequateself-image(“Idonthaveamathematicalmind”;“Imjustnaturallyapoorspeller”).They“identified”withtheirmistakesandfailures.Insteadofsaying“Ifailedthattest”(factualanddescriptive)theyconcluded“Iamafailure.”Insteadofsaying“Iflunkedthatsubject”theysaid“Iamaflunk-out.”ForthosewhoareinterestedinlearningmoreofLeckyswork,Irecommendsecuringacopyofhisbook:SelfConsistency,aTheoryofPersonality.TheIslandPress,NewYork,N.Y.,Article8,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,AgirlwhohadflunkedLatinfourtimes,afterthreetalkswiththeschoolcounselor,finishedwithagradeof84.AboywhowastoldbyatestingbureauthathehadnoaptitudeforEnglish,wonhonorablementionthenextyearforaliteraryprize.,Article1_S_Infact,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,1.Whatdoes“it”referto?,“It”referstoself-image.,2.Whatdoes“downtothelastdetail”mean?Doesitmeanthatonlythelastdetailiscontained,orallthedetailsareincluded?,“Downtothelastdetail”meanseverythingistakenintoconsideration,completely.,Infact,itmaynotbeconsciouslyrecognizableatall.Butitisthere,completedowntothelastdetail.,Article1_S_Once,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,WhydoesDr.Maltzsay“asfaraswepersonallyareconcerned”?,Thispictureofselfisbasedonwhatwethinkofourselves,soitisonlytruetous.,Onceanideaorabeliefaboutourselvesgoesintothispictureitbecomes“true,”asfaraswepersonallyareconcerned.,Article2_S_Not,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Whatdoes“literally”mean?Canyoufindsomeotherexamplesinwhich“literally”isusedinthesameway?,“Literally”isusedtoemphasizethatsomethingisactuallytrue.,Notonlythis,butyouliterallycannotactotherwise,inspiteofallyourconsciouseffortsorwillpower.,Moreexamples:,evenifopportunityisliterallydumpedinhislap.(Para.4)Sheliterallyinvitesrejection.(Para.6)Infact,itisliterallyimpossibletoreallythinkpositivelyaboutaparticularsituation(Para.10),Article2_S_Theman,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Whatarethesetwoexamplesintendedtoprove?,Themanwhoconceiveshimselftobea“failuretypeperson”willfindsomewaytofail,inspiteofallhisgoodintentions,orhiswillpower,evenifopportunityisliterallydumpedinhislap.Thepersonwhoconceiveshimselftobeavictimofinjustice,one“whowasmeanttosuffer”willinvariablyfindcircumstancestoverifyhisopinions.,Onewill“actlike”thesortofpersonheconceiveshimselftobe.,Article2_S_Becauseof,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Inwhichcasecoulditbeaviciouscycle?Couldyougiveanexample?,Becauseofthisourexperiencesseemtoverify,andtherebystrengthenourself-images,andaviciousorabeneficentcycle,asthecasemaybe,issetup.,Ifoneproblemcausesanotherproblem,whichthencausesthefirstproblemagain,andthewholeprocesscontinuestoberepeated,itisaviciouscycle.Forexample,youfailedinthemathsexamandyoufeltthatyoujustdidnthavethatparticulartalentformaths.Whenyoulostheart,youevendidworseinmathslater.,Article4_S_Becauseof,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Payattentiontothesentencestructure“itoccurstosb.that”andparaphrasethesentenceinEnglish.,Becauseofthisobjective“proof”itveryseldomoccurstoapersonthathistroubleliesinhisself-imageorhisownevaluationofhimself.,“Itoccurstosb.that”meansonesuddenlyhasanideaorthought.Becauseofthisobjective“proof”,apersonisneverawarethatheshouldfindhistroubleinhisself-image.,Article5_S_Oneof,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Whatisthecircumferenceoftheselfandwhatisthecenterofit?,Oneofthereasonsithasseemedsodifficultforapersontochangehishabits,hispersonality,orhiswayoflife,hasbeenthatheretoforenearlyalleffortsatchangehavebeendirectedtothecircumferenceoftheself,sotospeak,ratherthantothecenter.,Thecircumferenceoftheselfissomeparticularexternalcircumstances,orsomeparticularhabitorcharacterdefect,suchas“Iwillbemorecalmandrelaxedinthefuture.”or“Thisbusinessventurewillturnoutrightforme.”,etc.Thecenteroftheselfisonesself-image.,Article6_S_Jesus,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Whatare“positivethinking”andself-imagecomparedtorespectively?,Jesuswarnedusaboutthefollyofputtingapatchofnewmaterialuponanoldgarment,orofputtingnewwineintooldbottles.“Positivethinking”cannotbeusedeffectivelyasapatchoracrutchtothesameoldself-image.,“Positivethinking”iscomparedtoapatchandself-imageiscomparedtoanoldgarment.,Article6_S_Oneof,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Whatdoes“thelate”mean?,OneoftheearliestandmostconvincingexperimentsalongthislinewasconductedbythelatePrescottLecky,oneofthepioneersinself-imagepsychology.,“Thelate”isusedtorefertoaspecifiedpersonwhoisnolongeralive.Forexample,thelateFrancisBacon.,Article7_S_At,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Whatisthebaseofthesystemofideas?,Attheverycenterofthissystemofideasthekeystonethebaseuponwhichallelse