2019高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练(6)(含解析).doc

2019高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练（6）李仕才ADeath rates for heart disease in Britain have dropped by more than 40 percent in a decade， UK scientists will report today.Wide uptake of cholesterolbusting statin drugs(降胆固醇药), healthier lifestyles and better medical practices have seen a huge reduction in deaths caused by heart attacks, stroke and other cardiovascular(心血管的) problems.However, heart disease remains Britains biggest killer.The new study, by experts at Oxford University, shows there has been a 44.4 percent drop in death rates among men in the UK and a 43.6 percent drop among women linked to heart problems in the ten years to 2011.The team compared death rate associated with cardiovascular disease across Europe. They found that Britain has one of the best records in Europe, with 342 deaths as a result of heart disease per 100,000 men in 2011, and 232 per 100,000 women.Some nationsincluding Ukraine, Macedonia and Moldovasee more than 1,000 heart deaths per 100,000 of the population.Overall， heart disease causes 45 percent of all deaths across Europe, but only 27 percent in the UK. The study, led by Dr Nick Townsend, showed that cardiovascular disease is mainly a disease of old age.But researchers said that across Europe it still causes more than 1.4 million deaths in those aged under 75 and nearly 700,000 deaths in under 65s. Dr Townsend said, “Cardiovascular disease results in 49 percent of deaths among women and 41 percent among men.”篇章导读：本文是一篇科普类阅读文，文中讲述英国的心脏病死亡率在近十年来下降了百分之四十多，但心脏病仍然是英国国民健康的最大杀手。1From the text we can know _.Aheart disease no longer threatens the BritishBthe heart death rate among British men is lower than among womenCthe old mainly dies of stroke in EuropeDthe heart death rate in Ukraine is higher than that in Britain答案：D 推理判断题。由第五段第二句可知，英国男人在2011年因心脏疾病致死的死亡率是十万分之342，女人的死亡率是十万分之232。由第六段可知，乌克兰的死亡率是十万分之一千多。故选D项。2What does the word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?AStroke. BCardiovascular disease.CLung disease.DHeart attacks. 3How does the author support his idea?ABy analyzing data.BBy following processes.CBy describing his own experiences.DBy discussing research experiments.答案：A 推理判断题。根据第四段中可知，该研究结果及作者的观点都是通过分析数据得出的。故选A项。B(2017山西太原模拟一)Junot Diaz,The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar WaoThe winner in Culture critics survey is Junot Diazs first novel,about a bookworm called Oscar,who dreams of finding love.It also was named as the number-one book by most critics.“It is a big deal for me to fall in love with a book whose topic is science fiction,fantasy and imagination,” says Elizabeth Taylor,the Chicago Tribunes literary editor.Edward P.Jones,The Known WorldSet in 1855 on the plantation of Henry Townsendborn a slave,now a slave-ownerThe Known World is a success,leading readers into a complex moral time without making simple judgments.Facing an early death,Townsend thinks about the future of his 50-acre Virginia plantation and the slaves he treats the way his former owner,now his teacher,taught him.Hilary Mantel,Wolf HallMantels boldly reimagined legend of 16th Century Europe,told from the point of Thomas Cromwell,winning the Man Booker and National Book Critics Circle awards,was adapted to the stage and has been filmed as a new BBC miniseries(短剧).Mary Ann Gwinn,Seattle Times book editor writes,“I have never felt so completely buried into a characters mind,not to mention a long ago and far-away place.”Marilynne Robinson,GileadRev John Ames,a small town minister,describes his life and anti-slavery tradition to his young son in beautiful language in this first part of Robinsons trilogy(along with Home and Lila).“ I cant think of a living novelist who writes more seriously and profoundly about religious faith,which has become an almost forbidden topic in modern literature,” writes Dawn Raffel,who ranked Gilead first on her list.Critic Karen R.Long says,“ This multi-generational story tells a desire for transcendence(超越),and makes a case for spiritual life in the 21st centuryits own kind of miracle.Gilead will be read in 100 years.”1.What can we learn from the passage?A.Oscar likes reading books.B.Townsend worked in a church.C.Rev John Ames likes farming.D.Thomas Cromwell won an Oscar Award.2.What does Mary Ann Gwinn think of the book “Wolf Hall”?A.She thinks its too dull.B.She doesnt like the character in the book.C.She thinks its fascinating.D.She doesnt like some contents in the book.3.Which of the following books will have a far-reaching influence in the future?A.Gilead.B.Wolf Hall.C.The Known World.D.The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao.1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的a bookworm called Oscar 以及第三句“It is a big deal for me to fall in love with a book whose topic is science fiction,fantasy and imagination.”可知 Oscar 是书虫,热爰读书。2.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I have never felt so completely buried into a characters mind,not to mention a long ago and far-away place.”可知,Mary Ann Gwinn认为自己从来没有如此沉迷于一本书,可知她认为这本书是很吸引人的。3.A细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知这本书将会在未来的100年中继续被阅读,所以此书对未来有深远的影响。CShark KeeperGet up close and very personal with the Aquariums largest exhibit and its biggest predators(食肉动物) with the new Shark Keeper program! After each participant prepares to feed the sharks and other fishes in the 120,000gallon Lost City of Atlantis Exhibit, they will then get the onceinalifetime chance to feed our sand tiger sharks! Participants will also experience a tour of other behindthescenes animal care work areas and take home a reallife shark tooth.可知。Program Outline：Greeting from EducatorEducational Program: misunderstandings about sharks, biology, pictures, shark tooth comparisons, animal overview, what to expect during the experience.Behindthescenes food prepBrief overview of Safety and PoliciesFeedingSchedule：Mondays, Thursdays, and Saturdays at 3：40 pmSession: 3：40 pmLength: 60 minutesRequirements: All participants must be 16.Price: $50.00, plus Admission(Members: $45.00). Space is currently limited to three participants per scheduled session.How to Book: Phone: 631 208 9200，ext.H2O(426)Online: When purchasing your Admission ticket, please select the Shark Keeper addon under the Aquatic Adventures section of the shopping cart.Guests with Special Needs：Long Island Aquarium & Exhibition Center makes every effort to accommodate guests with special needs. Please be aware that to participate in this program, guests must be able to navigate the animal habitat spaces with minimum assistance, and must be able to understand and take direction in English from staff members. To ensure the best experience, please contact the Call Center at 631 208 9200, ext. H2O(426) to discuss your individual needs.Cancellations(取消)：There is a 72hour cancellation policy. Any cancellation made within 72 hours will not be refunded. Noshows will not be refunded or rescheduled. Guests arriving late (after the required program checkin time) will not be permitted to participate in the program and will not be refunded or rescheduled. We encourage guests to arrive at the Aquarium with plenty of time to park, enter, and check into the program. Adventurers should report to the Main Entrance at least ten minutes ahead. The sessions will begin quickly at the scheduled time. Please plan accordingly.文章大意：文章主要提供了去水族馆参观喂食鲨鱼的活动，以及活动日程安排、要求、门票价格等。1After joining the program, you will _.Afeed sharks once a life timeBget a real shark tooth as a souvenirCmeet the biggest predators of sharksDdraw some pictures of sharks答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Participants will also experience a tour of other behindthescenes animal care work areas and take home a reallife shark tooth.可知2As a guest with special needs, you are expected to _.Amake sure of your individual needsBmove around the center aloneCfollow the directions of staff membersDseek as much assistance as possible答案：C细节理解题。根据Guests with Special Needs: and must be able to understand and take direction in English from staff members.可知。3If you want to give up the program, youd better _.Areport it to the center 10 minutes before the sessionBmanage your plan again with 72 hoursCexpect to refund from the centerDreport the center 3 days in advance答案：D细节理解题。根据Cancellations(取消)：There is a 72hour cancellation policy. Any cancellation made within 72 hours will not be refunded. 取消的话需要72小时，也就是3天。4What information can we learn from the program?AYou can book the program in advance online.BThere is no limit to the age of participants.CYou need to pay $95 at least for the program.DA session is scheduled for 3 children every week.答案：A细节理解题。根据How to Book: Phone: 631 208 9200，ext.H2O(426) Online：，可知，可以网上订票。D(2017福建福州适应性练习)No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972.Now,after more than four decades of inactivity,interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again.But who will get there first?CHINAOn 14 December,2013,China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover (探测车)on the Moon.It is now working on its next exploration mission.Named Change 4,the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018.If successful,it will be the first landing on the Moons far side.RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030.It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon,exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站).INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan-1 in 2008,India announced a follow-on mission.Chandrayaan-2 was meant to cooperate with Russia.But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013,India decided to go it alone.Chandrayaan-2 is about to be sent up in 2018.The USAIn December 2018,NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1,an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to the Earth.All being well,a crewed capsule will follow in 2023.Should the mission prove a success,the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.1.What will China do in its next space mission?A.Improve its Jade Rabbit rover.B.Work with other countries.C.Land Change 4 on the Moon.D.Explore the south pole of the Moon.2.Why did India try to carry out its follow-on mission alone?A.It couldnt find a partner.B.It didnt get the lander as planned.C.The Russians refused to work with India.D.It planned to launch Chandrayaan-2 in advance.3.Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?A.Russia.B.China.C.India.D.The USA.4.What can we know from the text?A.Russia has built a human outpost on the Moon.B.China will be the first to see the far side of the Moon.C.The USA will send a crewed capsule to the Moon in the future.D.Humans have kept active in exploring the Moon since 1972.1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地区。据此可知,中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月,故C项正确。2.B细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知,由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器,故印度决定自己实施登月计划,故B项正确。3.A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程,其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极,寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。4.C推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“All being well,a crewed capsule will follow in 2023.”可知,如果一切顺利,美国将于2023年发送载人太空舱登月,据此可知,美国将在未来实施载人登月计划,故C项正确。EApril 23 marks the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeares death. Organizations in Britain have planned numerous events to honor him.In Stratford-upon-Avon, his birthplace, the tourism organization has a great number of free events, including performances of Shakespeares plays, and a dazzling fireworks display. And the BBC is broadcasting a live show from Stratfore-upon-Avon, celebrating Shakespeares widespread influence on the world. In Englands capital, the London Shakespeare Centre and Kings College London are holding a series of public performances, exhibitions and activities. It isnt just England that honors the anniversary of the death of this extraordinary writer. In Washington, D. C., the Folger Shakespeare Library, which houses the worlds largest collection of documents relating to William Shakespeare, is displaying a series of exhibitions.Shakespeare is probably the most famous author who ever lived and is considered a genius by most. He wrote around 37 plays and 154 sonnets(十四行诗), and his work has been translated into over one hundred languages! He penned beautiful metaphors(暗喻), serious dramas and amusing tales.Shakespeare also invented many new terms and phrases. If someones behavior suggested they were not being honest and should not be trusted, Shakespeare called their actions suspicious. If someone was being silly and perhaps looking like a fool, Shakespeare found their actions laughable. And Shakespeare called people who offered their opinions on the quality of something critics. Today, for instance, food critics and film critics give audiences their opinions of food and film. The familiar phrase break the ice comes from Shakespeares play The Taming of the Shrew. The ice is broken when a difficult conversation or meeting is calmed by some basic introduction, such as a simple game. More common words coined by Shakespeare include road, gossip, lonely, bump and hurry.Four hundred years after his death, Shakespeare surely lives on, in everyday speech, as the most famous writer of all time!1. The main idea of the text is _.A. the 400th anniversary of Shakespeares deathB. the influence Shakespeare has on EnglishC. the achievements of William ShakespeareD. Shakespeares colorful and fruitful life2. Shakespeare is honored in the following ways except_.A. a great number of free events in Stratford-upon-AvonB. a series of activities in the London Shakespeare CentreC. a series of exhibitions in the Folger Shakespeare LibraryD. a live show of Shakespeare from Stratford-upon-Avon3. According to the next, a simply game to make a difficult conversation easy is called _. A. an ice-breakerB. a suspicious manC. a criticD. a laughable man【文章大意】4月23日是威廉莎士比亚逝世第四百周年纪念日。英国的各种组织计划活动来纪念他。1.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的句子April 23 marks the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeares death.可知，文章主要介绍4月23日是威廉莎士比亚逝世第四百周年纪念日。故选A。3.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子The ice is broken when a difficult conversation or meeting is calmed by some basic introduction, such as a simple game.可知，使得困难的对话变得容易的叫作an ice-breaker。故选A。 日月崇拜是原始宗教的重要内容之一，中国古代很早就有祭祀日月的宗教礼俗。殷人将日月称东母与西母，周代依据日月的时间属性行朝日夕月的祭礼，“夕月”即秋分日的晚上在西门外祭月。春秋战国时，日月神被称为东皇公、西王母。沂南汉画像石中东王公、西王母分坐在柱收物（昆仑山）上，西王母两旁跪有捣药的玉兔，由此可知，晋代郭璞图赞中“昆仑月精”的说法言之有据，而后世的月神嫦娥即由西王母演变而来。秦汉时期日月祭祀仍为皇家礼制，此后直至明清历代都有秋分祭月的礼仪。上古时期祭月列入皇家祀典而例行祭祀后，民间缺少了祭月的消息，这可能与古代社会的神权控制有关，像日月这样的代表阴阳的天地大神，只有皇家才能与之沟通，一般百姓无缘祭享。隋唐以后，随着天文知识的丰富与文化观念的进步，人们对月亮有了较理性的认识，月亮的神圣色彩明显消褪。这时皇家也逐渐失去了对月神祭祀的独占权。对一般平民来说，月亮不再是那样“高不可及”。唐朝虽没有中秋节，但唐人精神浪漫，亲近自然，中秋赏月已成为文人的时尚，吟咏中秋明月的华章丽句寻常可见，如许浑鹤林寺中秋夜玩月云：“中秋云尽出沧海，半夜露寒当碧天。轮彩渐移金殿外，镜光犹挂玉楼前。”在宋代，中秋节已成为民俗节日。文人沿袭赏月古风，但其情趣大异于唐人。唐人大多由月亮的清辉联想到河山的壮美，友朋千里，邀赏明月，诗酒风流，如白居易八月十五日夜禁中独直，对月忆元九“三五夜中新月色，二千里外故人心”，就借秋月抒发了感物怀人的情思。宋人常以月之阴晴圆缺，喻人生变化无常，苏轼中秋月“暮云收尽溢清寒，银汉无声转玉盘。此生此夜不长好，明月明年何处看”就寄托着这种浩叹。似乎中秋明月的清光，也难掩宋人的感伤。不过对于宋人来说，中秋还有另一种形态，即世俗的欢愉。北宋东京中秋夜，“贵家结饰台榭，民间争占酒楼玩月”（东京梦华录）。南宋杭州中秋夜更是热闹，在银蟾光满之时，王孙公子、富家巨室，莫不登楼，临轩玩月，酌酒高歌；中小商户也登上小小月台，安排家宴，“团圆子女，以酬佳节”（梦梁录）；市井贫民“解衣市酒，勉强迎欢，不肯虚度”。团圆是中秋节俗的中心意义。宋人的团圆意识已与中秋节令发生关联，宋代城市居民阖家共赏圆月，就体现了这一伦理因素。明清时期，由于理学的浸染，民间社会乡族观念增强，人们对家庭更为依恋，中秋节正是加强亲族联系的良机。“中秋民间以月饼相连，取团圆之义”（明代田汝成西湖游览志奈），月饼在宋代已经出现，但以月饼为中秋特色食品及祭月供品的风俗大概始于明朝，小小的月饼在民间生活中作为团圆的象征与联系亲族情感的信物互相馈送。节日是日常生活的亮点，节俗文化是时代精神的聚焦。中秋经历了文人赏月的雅趣，民间拜月的情趣，以及有心吃月饼而无心看月的俗趣，节俗形态从古至今发生了重大变化。一部中秋节俗形态演变史，也是一部中国民众心态的变迁史。（摘编自萧放团圆饼与月亮节中秋节俗形态的变迁）1下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是( )A对于日月，殷人称东母与西母，春秋战国时称东皇公、西王母，汉代称东王公、西王母，从这些称呼可以看出，中国古人的日月崇拜有一脉相承之处。B唐宋两代都有文人赏月的风尚。唐人多借月表达对自然美景的欣赏赞美，体现出诗酒风流的情趣，而宋人常因月抒发感伤之情。C南宋时的都城杭州，中秋夜热闹非凡，不仅富家巨室、中小商户宴饮赏玩，“以酬佳节”，连财力匮乏的市井贫民也勉力寻欢，足见中秋在当时已是非常重要的节日。D中秋的节俗文化经历了不断丰富与演变的过程，如宋人赋予中秋节阖家团圆的意义，明人则将月饼引入中秋节，作为团圆的象征与联系亲族感情的信物。2下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是( )A弦、望、晦、朔是月亮在运行过程中被人观察到的不同形态，是中国大多数节日设定的基准，如中秋节的设定就与“望”有关。B中秋节源于原始宗教中的月亮崇拜，但形成较晚。唐代文人已有中秋之夜赏月的风尚，到宋代，中秋则成为重要的民俗节日。C沂南汉画像石中的西王母为月神，居于昆仑山，后演变为月神嫦娥。晋代郭璞图赞中“昆仑月精”的说法即以此神话为依据。D唐朝的一般民众将月亮视为欣赏的对象，而不再觉得它高不可及，这跟天文知识的丰富、文化观念的进步和皇家丧失对祭月的独占权大有关系，3根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是( )A月为天地