翻译技巧词义的选择与引申.ppt

SelectionandExtension,I.ReviewII.IntroductiontothetechniquesoftranslationIII.SelectionofwordmeaningIV.ExtensionofwordmeaningV.SummaryVI.AssignmentsVII.Referencesforfurtherreading,TeachingProcedures,TranslationandequivalenceTranslationmethodTranslationprocessandprinciplesTranslationfactorsandtreasonTranslationtheoryandtechniques,I.Review,Experienceskillsintranslation:1.selectionofwordmeaning,2.extensionofwordmeaning,3.conversionofpartsofspeechesandsentencestructures,4.longsentencetranslation,5.paragraphandpassagetranslation,6.translationofarticlesofdifferentkindsofstyles,etc.,Introductiontothetechniquesoftranslation,a.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtopartsofspeeches.,1.Microprocessorsmonitortyrewearandbrakepoweroncars.(v.)2.Thepatientwasconnectedtoatelevisionwavemonitor.(n.)3.Helikesmakingchemicalexperiments.(v.),微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。,病人情况通过波形监视器监视。,他喜欢做化学实验。,III.Selectionofwordmeaning,4.Likechargesrepeleachother,unlikechargesattract.(adj.)5.Likethehumanbrain,acomputeralsohasamemorywhereitcanstorevastquantitiesofinformation.(prep.)6.IhopeIcanoperatethemachinelikeyoudo.(conj.)7.Allmatterssuchasiron,water,air,andthelikearemadeupofatoms.(conj.)8.Likeenough,theshipwillarriveinport.(ad.),同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。,计算机像人脑一样，也有一个能储存大量信息的存储器,我希望能像你一样操纵机器。,一切物质，例如铁、水、空气等，都是由原子构成的。,这艘船很可能明天进港。,III.Selectionofwordmeaning,1.Thecountrysindustryhasdevelopedquicklyinthelastdecade.2.Todeveloptheinstrument,manyexpertswereinvited.3.Indevelopingthedesign,theengineermustapplyhisknowledgeofengineeringandmaterialscience.4.Inordertodevelopourpowerindustry,wemustproducemoreandporepowerfulgenerators.,b.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtothecontext.,过去10年我国工业发展迅猛。,为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。,在进行设计时工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。,为了发展我国的电力工业，我们必须生产越来越多的大功率发电机,III.Selectionofwordmeaning,5.Instrumentscapableofmeasuringmostkindsoferrorautomaticallyandmethodsoffeedingtheinformationbacktothemachinescontrolshavebeendeveloped.6.Heisthelastmantocome.7.Heisthelastmantodoit.8.Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.9.Heshouldbethelast(man)toblame.10.Heisthelastmantoconsult.11.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.,能自动测量多种误差的仪器，以及把信息反馈给机器控制机构的方法已经研制出来了。,他是最后来的。,他决不会干这种事。,他最不配干这工作。,怎么也不该怪他。,根本不宜与他商量。,我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。,III.Selectionofwordmeaning,1.Powercanbetransmittedoveralongdistance.2.Chinawillnotbethefirsttousenuclearweaponsalthoughconsideredoneofthenuclearpowers.3.16isthefourpowerof2.(27isthethirdpowerof3.)4.Whatisthepoweroftheengine?,c.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtospeciality.,电力可以远距离输送。,尽管中国是核大国，但中国决不会首先使用核武器。,16是2的4次方。（27是3的3次幂。）,这台电机的功率是多少？,III.Selectionofwordmeaning,1.highbeam2.highbrass3.highcurrent4.highexplosive5.highgear6.highseas7.highsummer8.highsteel,d.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtocollocation.,远距离光束,优质黄铜,强电流,烈性炸药,高速齿轮,公海,盛夏,硬钢,III.Selectionofwordmeaning,9.Totakeoffherbootsortoputthemonwasanagonytoher,butithadbeenanagonyforyears.10.Healwayssitsontheveryedgeofhischairwhenheisworking,asthoughabouttotakeoff.11.Everymaterialtakesupspace.12.Theelectroniccomputersaretakingoversomeofthetasksthatwereonceaccomplishedbyourownbrains,buttheyarenotreplacingus.,脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。,他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起来的样子。,一切物质都占有空间。,计算机正在接替原来由人脑进行的某些工作，但是它们不能代替人。,III.Selectionofwordmeaning,1.Publicopiniondemandsthatsomethingshouldbedonetoendthestrike.2.ThecarinfrontofmesuddenlystoppedandImissedthegreen.,一、抽象词语具体化,众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工。,我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。,IV.Extensionofwordmeaning,1.Thecharacterofthesepeopleisamixtureofthetigerandtheape.2.Everyonehasrainandsunshine(rosesandthorns)intheirlife.,二、具体词语抽象化,帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾。,每个人的生活都有甜有苦。,IV.Extensionofwordmeaning,1.Duringthefirstpartofhislife,Lincolnwasastorekeeperandpostmaster.2.Anetworkofhighwayswasbuiltfromcoasttocoast.3.Hefoundthatthemercurycolumnmeasuredthepredictedheight.4.Jetsareanewdevelopmentinaviation.5.Theshortestdistancebetweenrawmaterialandafinishedpartiscasting.,三、改换说法,林肯早年当过店主和邮政局长。,横跨大陆建筑了一个公路网。,他发现水银柱达到了预期的高度。,喷气式飞机是航空事业上的一个新成就。,死译：原材料与成品之间最短的距离是铸造。引伸译：铸造是原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。,IV.Extensionofwordmeaning,6.Thealternatingcurrentdoesnotknowsuchadisadvantageasthedirectcurrentdoes.7.Ifironiskeptmoist,rustingisrapid,whichmightleadustothinkthatwaterwastheinfluencecausingthecorrosion.,死译：交流电不知道直流电的这种缺点。,引伸：交流电不存在直流电的这种缺点。,死译：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引起腐独的影响。,引伸：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引起腐独的原因。,IV.Extensionofwordmeaning,8.Acreativepersonwillalmostneverfollowasetpatternindevelopinganidea.Todosowouldtendtostructurehisthinkingandmightlimitthecreationofpossiblesolutions.,死译：一个有创造性的人在形成一种想法时，决不会按照一种固定不变的方式行事。这样就会构选于限制创造出可能的解决方案。,引伸：一个有创造性的人在形成一种想法时，决不会按照一种固定不变的方式行事。这样就会束缚他的思想，妨碍他找出各种解决方案。,IV.Extensionofwordmeaning,1.Johnwasanaggressivesalesmanwhodidhisjobquitewell.2.Hitlerpursuedanaggressivepolicyafterheseizedpower.3.Hanswastooobviouslyflatteringthegentlemanbysayinghewasthemostcourageousmanhehadeverseen.4.Mr.Brownfeltgreatlyflatteredwhenhereceivedtheinvitationtodeliveralecture.,四、词义的褒贬,约翰是个积极肯干的推销员，他工作干得很出色。（褒义）,希特勒夺取了政权之后就推行侵略政策。（贬义）,汉斯说，这位先生是他所见过的最有胆识的人。这种阿谀奉承未免过于露骨。（贬义）,布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时感到非常荣幸。（褒义）,IV.Extensionofwordmeaning,5.Itmusthavebeenthisobviousaimlessnessthatledtomydownfall.6.Ithusappearedtothemtobequitefamiliarwiththissortofsituation,anditconfirmedthemintheirbeliefthatIwasathoroughlydisreputablecharacter.7.Iamahighlysuccessfulstudentwithabrilliantacademicrecord.8.HewasKerryRudman,33,andnostrangertotrouble.,现在看来，一定是这种明显的毫无目的的游逛使我倒了霉。（贬义）,这样一来，在他们眼里，我就像是非常熟悉这一套了，也使他们更加确信我是一个地地道道的坏蛋。（贬义）,我是一个学业出众的高材生。（褒义）,他叫克里.拉德曼，33岁，惹事生非已不是一次了。（贬义）,IV.Extensionofwordmeaning,9.Pauladidntneedanylessonswh