英语翻译技巧与艺术.ppt

LectureThree,DisparityBetween“CorrespondingWords”inEnglishandChinese,1.SemanticRangeandClassification,Word-sentence-textChoiceofproperwordsisofprimaryimportanceintranslationWords-notional(a.objectsorphysicalactions;b.qualities,conceptsormentalactivites,c.thoughts,feelings,imaginationsandmorality);functionalwords(relationbetweendifferentpartsofthesentence,orlogicalrelationsinmeaning).Whatsinaname?ThatwhichwecallaroseByanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.,Words-arbitraryXunzi(荀子)saidinhis正名篇：“名无固宜，约之以命。约定俗成胃之宜，异于约则胃之不宜”。-conventionalitycommunityCorevocabulary:sun,man,woman,walk,stand,sleep,love,hate.Oxcowbuffaloyak(牦牛)bison（野牛）Goat,sheep,ram(公羊),ewe（母羊）,lambLexicalgap,1.他手里拿着一本书Hehadabookinhishand.他手里抱着个孩子。Hehadababyinhisarms.2.他们手拉着手。Theywerehandinhand.他们手挽着手。Theywerearminarm.3.她手上戴着一枚砖石戒指。Sheworeadiamondringonherfinger.他手上戴着一块进口手表。Heworeanimportantwatchonhiswrist.,对不起，我忘了带筷子了，只好请大家用手了。（ImsorryyouhavetouseyourfingersbecauseIforgottobringanychopstickstoday.）“onesfingersitch”Agentlemanuseshistonguenothisfists.ExtendedmeaningsandtransferredmeaningsTheprojectneededmorehands.(人手)Thepaintingshowsthehandofamaster.(手法)Hewritesablindhand.(书法，字迹)Thehourhandoftheclockpointedatseven.,Bearahandin(参与)Bythestronghand(强制地)Eatoutofsbshand(完全顺从)Fastwithoneshands(好打架)Foldoneshands(袖手旁观)Gainsbshand(得到某人的允婚)Throwuponeshand(认输)Playalonehand(单枪匹马地干)Livefromhandtomouth(勉强糊口),WordphraseLexicalizationgrammaticalizationAffixation-compoundsTeary,actressy,shorty(Shewasseldomseeninashortynightgown),2.CollocationalMeaning,AdjectiveN-VerbobjectHeavyrainheavyskyheavystyleheavyfeaturesheavyhitterheavycropLowseason,dullseason,offseason,slackseason;highseason,peakseason,busyseason,boomseasonSophisticated:Sophisticatedcolumnist;sophisticatedman;Sophisticatednovel;sophisticatedweapon,浓：浓茶strongtea浓墨thickink浓雾heavyfog浓烟densesmoke浓荫darkshadow繁荣的：繁荣的经济prosperouseconomy，繁荣的商业briskbusiness，繁荣的时期boomingperiod，繁荣的文化flourishingculture陪同人员accompanyingpersonnel培养对象persontobefostered攻击目标targetofattack生存方式existingmode,3.Colorfulmeaning,“Youbecome21,turn30,thenyourepushing40,andbeforeyouknowityoureach50.Youhopetomakeitto60,orhit70.ButyousayIamjust90.”CommendatoryDerogatorySchemespyencourageinciteambitioussmarttactfulenchantedMakeeveryefforthandandglovewithStylisticmeaningMarktwain(humor)Hemingway(tough)eleganceunderpressure,Euphemism(roundaboutvulgarorunmentionable)“IusedtothinkIwaspoor.TheytoldmeIwasntpoor;Iwasneedy.Thentheysaiditwasself-defeatingtothinkofmyselfasneedy,thatIwasculturallydeprived.Thentoldmedeprivedwasabadimage,thatIwasunderprivileged.Thentheytoldmethatunderprivilegedwasoverused,thatIwasdisadvantaged.Idonthaveadime-butIhaveagreatvocabulary.”,Homework,1.Shewearsapermanentsmi