人教版初一下112单元重点短语和语法.docx

姓名： 所在年级： 复习时间： 家长签字： 初一下1-12单元重点短语和语法复习 Unit1.Can you play the guitar?短语：弹吉他：Play the guitar 下国际象棋：play chess说英语：speak English 一个游泳社团：a swimming club踢足球：play soccer 讲故事：tell stories找某人谈话：talk towith sb. 放学后：after school 学校表演：school show 加入音乐社团：join the music club加入某人：join sb. (sb.为代词时用宾格形式 ，例如join us）敲鼓：play the drums 拉小提琴：play the violin弹钢琴：play the piano （在）周末：on the weekend/ on weekends与某人交朋友：make friends with sb. 对.有办法：be good with.(Are you good with old people?)擅长某事：be good at sth./doing sth.(I am good at English/playing soccer)对.有好处：be good for.(例如：Music is good for our life)对.有害： be bad for.在某方面帮助某人：help sb. with sth. （例如：Can you help me with my homework?)帮助某人干某事：help sb. (to) do sth. (例如：Can you help me (to) play chess?)想要干某事：want to do sth. (He wants to sing.)想要某人去干某事：want sb. to do sth. 例如：Teachers want students to follow the rules at school.因.而感谢：Thanks for doing.(for 为介词，其后接名词或动名词） Thanks for showing me your new books.喜欢干某事：like to do/doing sth. 例如： Lucy doesnt like to play chess. I like singing.重点句子：1. Can you speak English? Can John sing? 2. What can you do? What can he do?3. What club do you want to join? What club do they want to join? What club does John want to join? He wants to join the dancing club.4. Can Nancy and Lucy play basketball? -No,they cant.知识点：1.-Must I play the piano on weekends?-No ,you needn.t. (注：考查must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答。用No ,you needn.t.）2.-Jim, can you say this word in Chinese?-Yes, I can speak a little Chinese. (speak后接语言，say后接说话的内容，tell后接转述的内容，如：故事，谎话等，talk指人与人之间的交谈，talk to/with sb.)3. Mary, put on your coat, or youll catch a cold. (连词or为“否则”的意思。） Cindy can sing and draw. (改为否定句） Cindy cant sing or draw. 4. I can speak English very well.(speak为实义动词,用副词well来修饰）5. Play后接西洋乐器名词时，中间必须加the，而play后跟象棋，球类名词时，中间不可加the.情态动词can的用法。 情态动词can有一定的词义，但不能独立存在，它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化。 肯定句型：主语+can+动原+其他。 She can dance. 否定句型：主语+can not/cant+动原+其他. I cant ride a bike. 疑问句型：can+主语+动原+其他。 Can you sing an English song ? Yes, I can . / No, I cant. Unit2.What time do you go to school?短语：起床：get up 去工作：go to work 穿衣：get dressed刷牙：brush teeth 一家广播电台：a radio station一刻钟：a quarter 要么.要么.：either.or.不但.而且.：not only.but also. .和.都: both.and. 洗淋浴：take/ have a shower 回家：go home（中间不加to)大量：a lot of/ lots of 起床早：get up early做运动：play/ do sports 散步：take/ have a walk半小时：half an hour 与.不同：be different from从.到.：from.to. 离.远：be far from.(例如： My school is far from my home.)在家里：at home 迟到.：be late for.(例如： 放学后：after school He is never late for school.)保持健康：keep healthy 了解.：know about.吃晚餐：eat dinner/ have dinner 写下: write down每天：every day 同意：agree with需要做.：need to do .重点句子： 1. -What time do you go to school? -I usually go to school at about half past seven.（在大约7:30）2. -What time does your father have breakfast?-He has breakfast at a quarter to seven.(在6:45）3. I dont have time to eat breakfast.4. She knows it is bad for her, but it tastes good.5. I have a very healthy life. (我有一个非常健康的生活）6. I eat a good breakfast in the morning. (在早晨我吃了一顿不错的早饭） 7. My sister usually eats fruit for lunch.(我妹妹通常把水果当作午饭） 8. School starts at 8:00 every morning.知识点：1. tooth牙齿的复数是：teeth2. brush变第三人称单数时，是加上es: brushes3. Work为不可数名词，Homework也为不可数名词，而job是可数名词。4. Susan doesnt do her homework at home.( do为“做”的意思）5. On school days On Saturday night.（具体的时间用on)6. My sister runs quickly. (run为动词，需用副词quickly修饰）时间表达法：1、顺读法。小时+分 5:30 five thirty 2、逆读法。分+past过+小时 5:30 thirty past five 分+to差+小时 8:45 a quarter to nine 时间前用at Unit3.How do you go to school?短语：到达学校：get to school 乘火车; take the train/ by train乘地铁：take the subway/ by subway 骑自行车：ride a bike/ by bike乘公共汽车：take the bus/ by bus 认为：think of在.和.之间：between.and. 实现：come true地铁站：the subway station 一封电子邮件: an e-mail 一个十一岁的男孩：one eleven-year-old boy on a ropeway和我的同班同学一起玩：play with my classmates.怎么样？： what / how about.? (what / how about you ?)干某事怎么样：what/ how about doing sth.? (例如：What about swimming with us this afternoon？）到达：Get to=arrive in/ at =reach 走路：Walk to, on foot你认为.怎么样？：What do you think of .? = How do you like. ? (例如：What do you think of the story? = How do you like the story? )一个小时的骑车路程：an hours ride.数词的书写格式：例如：105: one hundred and five干某事花费（某人）多长时间：It takes ( sb.) +时间+to do sth.(例如：It takes them half an hour to get there by bus)干某事是.的: It is +形容词+to do sth. (例如：It is easy to read the story.)对某人来说干某事是.的 ： It is +形容词+for sb. to do sth.(例如：It is healthy for us to eat fruits every day.)重点句子：1. How far does your aunt live from here?2. How long does it take to walk to the train station?3. It is 4 kilometers from my home to school.( 从我家到学校有4千米）4. How far is it from here to the city?5. She takes the bus to school = She goes to school by bus)6. He goes to work by car every day = He drives his car to work every day)7. Miss Yang sometimes walks to school = Miss Yang sometimes goes to school on foot.8. I think we must do our best to study English(我认为我们必须尽我们最大努力去学习英语）知识点：1. 对距离提问用how far 对一段时间提问用how long表示多久， 还可以问东西有多长。 问多久以后 用how soon 对年龄提问用how old2. Boring 修饰物 bored 修饰人。3. Must为主观上“必须”，have to 为客观上“不得不”。1. 4. Look like.看起来像提问表示对人外貌的描述。2. 5. Hundred的用法：数词 + hundred + 名词复数.表示:.百.3. Hundreds of + 名词复数.表示：数以百计的.4. 例如：Two hundred people want to visit the city.两百人5. Hundreds of people want to visit the city.好几百人6. Unit4.Dont eat in class7. 短语：8. .迟到：be late for 准时：on time 听音乐：listen to music9. 在走廊里跑：run in the hallways 在外面吃：eat outside10. 戴帽子：wear a hat 不得不：have to 安静：be quiet11. 穿校服：wear the school uniform 把.带到. :bring .to.12. 外出：go out 整理床铺：make ones bed在上学的晚上：on school nights13. 练习吉他：practice the guitar 考虑：think about14. 帮助他妈妈做早餐：help his mom make breakfast15. 在某方面对某人要求严格：be strict with sb. in sth. 16. 遵守规则： follow the rules 太多规则：too many rules17. 不得不做某事：has / have to do sth. 18. (例如：We have to wear school uniforms in school.)19. 不要忘记做某事：Dont forget to do sth.20. （例如：Dont forget to close all the doors.)21. 让某人做某事：let sb. do sth. （例如：Let me try.)22. 学会做.:learn to do sth. 23. 练习做某事：practice doing sth.24. （例如：He has to practice speaking English every day.)25. 玩得高兴：have a good time = have fun26. 重点句：27. 1. What do you have to do? What are the rules at your school? 2. Dont watch too much TV . Its bad for your eyes.28. 3. Dont be / arrive late for class. Dont fight.29. 5. I cant go out on school nights. Can you wear hats in school?6. Does she have to wear a uniform at school?30. 7. He has to go to bed by 10:00. (肯定句）31. Does he have to go to bed by 10:00? （一般疑问句）32. He doesnt have to go to bed by 10:00. ( 否定句）33. 8. Close the window, please. (祈使句的肯定形式：以动词原形开头）34. Dont close the window, please. (否定形式）35. Lets go for a walk, shall we ? 36. 知识点：37. 1. Tom says there is something in the room. Jack listens carefully, but he hears nothing. (listen指听的动作，hear指听的结果）38. 2. Dont forget to close all the doors and windows before leaving the classroom. (介词before：在.之前：其后应接动名词，leave:离开， 去e加ing变动名词)39. 3. Tom never has any fun at home. ( fun为不可数名词，never表否定）40. 4. too many+ 可数名词复数， too much+ 不可数名词，意为“太多”。much too+ 形容词，表示：“太，非常”的意思。much too hot : 太热了41. 5. The cloth feels very soft and comfortable. (feel：“感觉；触摸”为感官动词，后面接形容词，还有smell, taste, sound，look等感官动词） 祈使句的肯定形式：以动词原形开头 祈使句的否定形式。Dont+动词原形+其他。 Dont listen to music in class. can+动词原形，表允许或有能力做某事。 cant+动词原形，表不可以或没有能力做某事。 (例如：You cant listen to music in the library.) must+动词原形,表“必须”，主观上的必须做某事。have to+动词原形，表示“必须”，“不得不”，在这个意义上与must很接近，但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to 表示的却是客观需要。 Unit5.Why do you like pandas?短语：有点：kind of 一种：a kind of 各种各样的：all kinds of 来自：come / be from 欢迎到：welcome to黑白相间：black and white 整天：all day处于危险之中：be in danger 砍倒：cut down 好运的象征：a symbol of good luck 迷路：get lost失去他们的家园：lose their homes 如此多：so many如何去做.:how to do .重点句子：1. -Why does your father like koalas? -Because they are kind of interesting.2. Where are koalas from? 3. Why do you like tigers? Why dont you like tigers?4. Li Ming comes from China. Li Ming doesnt come from China.5. This is a symbol of good luck. What animals do you like?6. Because he doesnt think pandas are smart . Because he thinks they are very cute and friendly.7. He likes pandas best. Most animals walk on four legs.知识点：1. He likes dogs, but he likes cats a lot. ( like.a lot更喜欢.)2. There are over 3,000 students in our school. ( over表示“超过”）3. She can also play basketball. (either“也”用于否定句句末； too“也”，用于肯定句句末； also“也”,用于肯定句句中。）4. So many+ 可数名词复数 ; so much+不可数名词：如此多.5. Because+句子， because of+ 名词/ 动名词，都是“因为”的意思，英语中有because，不用so, 有so 不用because. Unit6. Im watching TV短语：看报纸：read a newspaper 用电话交谈：talk on the phone听一张激光唱片：listen to a CD 用电脑：use the computer洗衣服：wash the clothes 端午节：Dragon Boat Festival客厅：living room 在游泳池里游泳：swim in a pool小弟弟：younger brother 一张我家人的照片：a photo of my family一张某人的照片： a photo of sb. （Look! This is a photo of me.) 听收音机：listen to the radio为一场测验学习：study for a test 任何其他的夜晚：any other night 给某人写信：write to sb谈论.:talk about . ( We are talking about the movie.)希望做某事：wish to do sth.重点句子：1. -What is he doing? -He is reading a newspaper. -Is he reading a newspaper? -Yes,he is/ No,he isnt. -He is not reading a newspaper.2. -What are they doing? -They are playing football. -Are they playing football? -Yes, they are/ No,they arent. -They are not playing football.3. -What are the girls doing? -The girls are dancing.知识点:1. any other+ 可数名词单数为固定用法。“其他的”2. Like有“喜欢”“像”的意思。3. My family are watching TV now. ( family“家人”，用作复数。）4. He often does his homework at school, but now he is doing it at home. (often是一般现在时的标志， now 为现在进行时的标志）1.现在进行时态：现在进行时表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发 生的动作。现在进行时的标志有：look, listen, now等. 结构是:主 语+be+动词+ing2、肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词 一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词 3、变化规则 .直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) .去掉不发音的e+ing(例：leave-e+ing leaving) .重读闭音节，以辅音字母加元音字母结尾的词，要双写尾字母再加ing（例：swim+m+ing=swimming).以ie结尾的重读闭音节，变ie为y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying） Unit7. Its raining!短语：北京的天气：the weather in Beijing 做汤：make soup 在他朋友家学习：study at his friends home 没问题： no problem捎个口信儿：take a message 玩电脑游戏：play computer games 玩得高兴：have a good time / have fun 此时此刻：right now告诉他给我回电话：tell him to call me back 听起来像：sound like 我的一些老朋友：some of my old friends 努力学习：study hard喝橙汁：drink orange juice 坐在池塘边：sit by the pool暑假：the summer vacation 在山里：in the mountains给你写信：write to you 照一张相：take a photo在下雨的天气：in the rainy weather问天气：Hows the weather ? = What s the weather like?高兴做某事： be happy to do sth. Have fun doing sth.让某人做某事：ask sb. to do sth.让某人不要做某事：ask sb. not to do sth.告诉某人做某事： tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事：tell sb. not to do sth.情况怎样？：Hows it going ?句子：5. -Hows it going with you ? -Not bad6. May I speak to Lucy, please? (请找露西接下电话好吗？）7. He takes a message for me.8. -Whats the weather like in Beijing? -Its windy and rainy.知识点：1. Hows it going with sb.? 某人怎么样了呢？2. relaxing修饰物，relaxed 修饰人。3. At the moment = right now = now语法：1.现在进行时态：现在进行时表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发 生的动作。现在进行时的标志有：look, listen, now等. 结构是:主 语+be+动词+ing2、肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词 一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词 3、变化规则 .直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) .去掉不发音的e+ing(例：leave-e+ing leaving) .重读闭音节，以辅音字母加元音字母结尾的词，要双写尾字母再加ing（例：swim+m+ing=swimming).以ie结尾的重读闭音节，变ie为y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying） Unit8.Is there a post office near here? 短语： 警察局：police station 邮局: post office 付费电话：pay phone在.对面：across from 挨着：next to在.和.之间： between.and. 在.前面：in ( the )front of沿着.走：go along. 向左/右转： turn left/right在第一个十字路口：at the first crossing 在右侧：on the right干净的空气：clean air 一个吵闹的街区：a noisy neighborhood和我的祖父母在一起消磨时间：spend time with my grandparents中心大街：Center Street 某人玩得高兴：enjoy oneself和.一起走：walk with sb. 忙于某事：be busy with sth.喜欢做某事：enjoy doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事：watch sb. doing sth.对某人来说，做某事是.的：Its + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.句子：5. Is there a bank near the park ? Yes, there is. No, there isnt6. There is a bank in our neighborhood.7. A pay phone is across from the park.8. Behind the park is a hotel. Is there a hotel around here?9. Tom sits in front of me, so I sit behind him.10. To get to the park, you have to cross Center Street. 知识点：4. in the front of.在.前面（内部，范围之内的前面）， in front of .在.前面（外部,范围之外的前面）5. Place为可数名词places3.cross 作动词用，“穿过，越过”的意思。主要表示在物体表面上横穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与go across同义。crossing十字路口，across是介词，across与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过，越过，横穿”的意思 ,也是表示从物体表面经过 ，through是介词，常与go, walk等动词连用，表示“穿越，横穿”等意思。主要表示从物体内部穿过。如穿过森林、隧洞等。语法：There be 句型1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2. 结构：There is+第三人称单数可数/不可数名词+地点状语例：There is a ruler on the desk. 书桌上有一把尺。There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。There are+复数名词+地点状语例：There are four apples on the tree.树上有四个苹果。 There are many flowers in the park.公园里有许多花。 注意：句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。eg. There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。 There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。3. There be句型与have的区别：(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 He has two sons.他有两个儿子。 There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。4. There be 句型转换变脸一：否定句 There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。There be否定句型中的not any与no可以互换。not any强调一个都没有。8. There are not any books in the bag.=There are no books in the bag.9. There are no students in the classroom.=There are not any students in the classroom.10. There is not any milk in the bottle.=There is no milk in the bottle.There are some pictures on the wall. There arent any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. There isnt a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree. 变脸二：一般疑问句 There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为调整法。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面两句是如何改头换面的吧： There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water. Are there any fish in the water? 肯定回答为：Yes, there is/are. 否定回答为: No, there isnt/arent. Unit9.What does he look like? 短语：短头发：short hair 直发：straight hair 卷发：curly hair长发：long hair 金黄色的头发：blonde hair 一点：a little超过：more than 一份有趣的工作：an interesting job中等身材：be of medium build / be of medium height大眼睛：big eyes 回头见：see you later 最后：in the end首先：first of all 运动鞋：sports shoes 一位艺术家：an artist善于：be good at 戴眼镜：wear glasses 一名男演员：an actor让某人干某事：let sb. do sth. one of ： 中的一个与.不同：be different from 与.一样：the same as.擅长干某事：be good at doing = do well in doingremember ( forget) to do sth 记得（忘记）做某事（没有做的）remember (forget) doing sth 记得（忘记）做过某事（已做）tell jokes/ stories 讲笑话/ 讲故事句子：1.-What does your Chinese teacher look like? -She is tall and thin.7. She has long straight black hair.8. Cathy is not tall or short.= Cathy is of medium height.9. My answer is not different from yours = My answer is the same as yours.知识点：6. and 多用于肯定句，or多用于否定句和疑问句7. Work为不可数名词， job为可数名词8. Look like 一般指对人外貌特征的描述，be like一般指对人性格特征的描述9. one.the other.一个，另一个（两者） another指三者或三者以上的另一个语法：1、What does/ do +主语 + look like? 询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？Eg: What does your friend look like?2、形容头发时， 可按照先长短，后曲直，最后说颜色的顺序说。Eg: She has long curly black hair.3、one of + 名词复数，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。Eg: One of his friends is a worker.4、不定代词做主语时，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。修饰不定代词词，应该放在它的后面Eg: I can go shopping and nobody knows me.5、He is (通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等)He has（通常为形容词修饰的名词，包括头发、五官）He wears（穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须） Unit10.Id like some noodles 短语：愿意：would like 宫保鸡丁：gongbao chicken 一大碗牛肉汤： one large bowl of beef soup. 牛肉面：beef noodles一个生日蛋糕：a birthday cake 一个洋葱：an onion全世界：around the world 切碎：cut up许个愿：make a wish 吹灭：blow out一种长寿的象征：a symbol of long life 一个答案：an answer你为什么不干某事：why dont you do sth. / why not do sth.愿意干某事：would l