Unit7新视野第四册教案.doc

New Horizon College English (Book 4)Title:Unit 7 Research into Population Genetics (A)InstructionTypes:1. lecture and explanation 2. discussion and retellingObjective:By way of learning this text , make the students know these important devices for developing a report: 1. Induction 2. Exemplification3.Listing4. ExplanationDifficulty&Emphasis:1.key words and expressions2.Know how to analyze and use these devicesTimeDistribution:1. Warm-up activities2. Drills of important phrases in the text3. Organization of the text (main idea, developing devices)4. key words and expressions5. AssignmentI. Warm-up activities1.Background informationLuca Cavalli-Sforza (A)Cavalli-Sforza, born in Genoa, Italy, was educated at the University of Pavia where he gained his MD in 1944. After working on bacterial genetics at Cambridge (19481950) and Milan (19501957) he has held chairs in genetics at Parma (19581962) and Pavia (19621970). In 1970 he was appointed professor of genetics at the University of Stanford, California, a position he held until his retirement in 1992. Luca Cavalli-Sforza (B)Cavalli-Sforza has specialized mainly in the genetics of human populations, producing with Walter Bodmer a comprehensive survey of the subject in their Genetics, Evolution and Man (1976). He has also done much to show how genetic data from present human racial groups could be used to reconstruct their past separations. This reconstruction, based on the analysis of 58 genes, yields a bifurcated evolutionary tree with Caucasian and African races in one branch and Orientals, Oceanians, and Amerinds in the other. The human genetic map (A)Our bodies are comprised of trillions of microscopic units called cells. Cells in turn are built up from many specific types of molecules, both large and small. The large molecules or macromolecules include polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. Proteins are the workhorses of our cells. There are about 40,000 different types of proteins in our bodies. Each protein is present in many, many copies. The human genetic map (B)An adult, for example, carries about 1021 (a billion trillion) hemoglobin molecules. The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to Protein. Each protein is a linear polymer of a specific sequence of 20 different amino acids. DNA is also a linear polymer comprised of 4 types of nucleotides. The sequence of amino acids in each protein is encoded by a segment of DNA called a gene. Three consecutive nucleotides in a gene encode a single amino acid in the corresponding protein. The genetic code is universal among all living things. Basques (A)The Basques are a people who live in a small region (about the size of Rhode Island in the United States) that straddles the border of Spain and France from the sea in the west into the Pyrenees in the east. This area is called Euskal Herria (comprising seven provinces, historically: Araba, Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa, and Navarra on the Spanish side; Laburdi, Zuberoa, and Behe-Nafarroa on the French side). There are about 660,000, according to the 1991 census. Basques (B)Fewer than 80,000 of these are on the French side of the frontier which runs through the Basque Country, the rest on the Spanish side. Basques speak a language called euskara, but today only about 25% of the population is fluent in that tongue. Even so, the word for a Basque person, euskaldun, means “possessor of the Basque language”. The Basque population is distinguished physically by a high incidence of Rh Negative factor in the blood. Basques (C)No one knows exactly where the Basques came from. Some say they lived in that area since Cro-Magnon man first roamed Europe. Estimates of how long they have lived there vary from 10,000 to 75,000 years. Some say they are descended from the original Iberians. More fanciful theories exist, as well. One is that the Basques are the descendents of the survivors of Atlantis. 2.Questions and answers1)-How did the researchers obtain the information to write their book?The researchers took the blood of hundreds of thousands of individuals, from all around the world, and then analyzed their blood proteins. They examined the genetic similarities between the populations of the world. In this way, they obtained the information for their book. 2)-What two scientific aims does the book have?This book has two scientific aims. One is to discover the routes taken by early people migrating around the world; another is to show that under the skin we are all very similar on a genetic level. 3)-What is the ultimate aim of the book?The book is written for scientific purposes as well as in hopes that it would have a social effect by proving that there is no biological basis for racial prejudice, thus disproving the idea that one race is genetically superior to any other race. II.Drills of important phrases in the text1. 在基因层面上at the level of their genes (L. 3)2. 这些理论毫无科学依据no scientific basis for theories (L. 6)3. 不仅仅是对的反驳be more than an argument against (L. 8)4. 该项目的主要倡导者/发起者the prime mover behind the project (L. 9)5. 简直是；同一点也不差nothing less than (L. 10)6. 是的标记serve as markers to do/of sth. (L. 17)7. 限定于be confined to sth. (L. 22) 8. 1492年以来/从1492年起as of 1492 (L. 23)9. 产生宗教上的担心raise religious concerns (L. 28)10. 曾经；有一次；有一回on one occasion/at one time/once (L. 29)11. 这些血来施魔法to do some magic with the blood (L. 32)12. 醒目地印在书的封面上jump right off the books cover (L. 34)13. 并非如此tell a different story (L. 37) 14. 与一起；共同in combination with (L. 42)15. 阐明（某事）；使更为清楚shed/throw/cast light on (L. 46)16. 为的后裔；是的后人be descended from (L. 50)17. 恕不苟同；说明了不同的结果beg to differ (L. 50)18. 使某人有了（这样的）结论/理解/计划lead sb. to the conclusion/understanding/ plan (L. 58)19. 具有某种抗病药物的价值have some value as disease-fighting drugs (L. 64)III. Organization of the text (main idea, developing devices)1. Main idea of the text As the most extensive survey to date on how humans vary at the level of their genes, the book The History and Geography of Human Genes made two remarkable contributions to science: There is no scientific basis for the genetic superiority of one race over any other one; and it creates the first genetic map of the world. In the process of collecting information for the book, however, scientists encountered great difficulties. The ultimate goal of their work is to remove racial prejudice. 2. How is the text organized?The passage falls into four parts. It evolves from the two outstanding scientific contributions of the book through induction. Next, it moves back to the illustrations, as an inserted part, of hard work in collecting the information needed for the book. Then, the passage comes to the scientists remark-able discoveries, as listed in paras. 5 to 9. It is concluded with the social effect, the ultimate aim, of their research. Central topic: Research into Population Genetics-Part 1 (Paras. 1-2) Two scientific aims achieved by the book?No scientific basis for racial prejudice; creation of the first genetic map.-Part 2 (Paras. 3-4) Illustrations of hard work in collecting the information needed? For instance, people in a rural region of Africa refused to take blood out of their children.-Part 3 (Paras. 5-9) Remarkable discoveries of the scientists?A genetic difference between Australians and Africans; the discovery of human birthplace; new light cast on the origins of populations; and the medical value of the genetic material.-Part 4 (Para. 10) The ultimate aim of the research?The studys aim is to weaken conventional notions of race that cause racial prejudice.3. Text analysisPart 1:(Para.1): Brief introduction to a book.Part 2: ( para 2-4): The book presents the first genetic map of the world.Part 3: (para59): Four major contributions of the first genetic map of the world.Part 4: (para10): The significance of the book. IV. key words and expressions1. Sth./Sb. is widely assumed/believed/ thought to But sth./sb. else tells a different story. 人们普遍认为然而表明并非如此。2. Sth. superficial has persuaded sb. that But sth. else begs to differ. 表面现象使得某人认为然而说明了不同的结果。3. Sth., in combination with sth. else, confirms that结合， 某事证实了4. The ultimate aim/target/objective/ goal of doing sth. is to做某事的最终目的是V.AssignmentsA Letter of Self-recommendation（自荐信）1)阐明你欲深造的专业 2)阐述你的学业背景 3)表明在此深造的目的和理由1) With four years of my college life devoted entirely to, I am thrilled to find myself particularly interested in. 2) To make an outstanding researcher of me in this field, however, I am very conscious of my inadequacy in and so strongly motivated to pursue a masters degree in the Department of at your University.3) Fully aware of the importance of solid academic foundation to my professional pursuit, I committed myself, from the very beginning, to the acquisition of basic knowledge. 4) An obvious indication of my diligence was the fact that 5) While at the stage of major courses, I could integrate the fragments of my insight from each lecture or book into a better understanding of the area of. 6) The deeper I immersed myself into the ocean of, in fact, the greater my enthusiasm grew for 7) So, I seized on every chance, including, to and to 8) And meanwhile I never slackened my efforts in 9) I always cling to the motto that any success in life rests with10) What I have done so far, however, is just the first step on my way to being 11) To my great delight, the Department of of your University, high ranked in the world and rich with academic climate, can render me better able to 12) Thus, I have every reason to believe that my and your, complete with my firm commitment to, will turn my ambition into reality.A Letter of Self-recommendation1)阐明你欲深造的专业2)阐述你的学业背景和专业兴趣培养3)表明在此深造的目的和理由。 The Department of Computer Science, the Air Force University of Engineering Xian, China, 710038Dear Sir or Madam: ( First of all, please allow me to send my heart-felt gratitude to you for your kindness in reading my self-recommendation letter. This letter is just in addition to my resume to offer you a better overview of my background and preparation.) 1) With four years of my college life devoted entirely to professional study and related research, I am immensely thrilled to find myself particularly interested in Artificial Intelligence. 2) To make an outstanding researcher of me in this field, however, I am very conscious of my inadequacy in special knowledge and so strongly motivated to pursue a masters degree in the Department of Computer Science at your University.3) Fully aware of the importance of solid academic foundation to my professional pursuit, I committed myself, from the very beginning, to the acquisition of basic knowledge. 4) An obvious indication of my diligence was the fact that my final grades were among the top 5 in mathematics, physics, and related courses. 5) While at the stage of major courses, I could integrate the fragments of my insight from each lecture or book into a better understanding of the area of Artificial Intelligence. 6) The deeper I immersed myself into the ocean of special knowledge, in fact, the greater my enthusiasm grew for a thorough insight into the field. 7) So, I seized on every chance, including hitting books in library, surfing online, and experimenting in the AI lab, to broaden my outlook on the disciplines and to enhance my competence in finding and tackling complex problems. 8) And meanwhile I never slackened my efforts in self-culture. 9) I always cling to the motto that any success in life rests with discipline, commitment, and self-sacrifice for larger interests.10) What I have done so far, however, is just the first step on my way to being a successful researcher in the field of Artificial Intelligence. 11) To my great delight, the Department of Computer Science of your University, high ranked in the world and rich with academic climate, can render me better able to further my struggle toward my goal. 12) Thus, I have every reason to believe that my sound academic preparation and your talented faculty, complete with my firm commitment to the area of study, will turn my ambition into reality. (Enclosed please find my Resume both in Chinese and English. I would appreciate an opportunity to have an interview and can be reached at Tel: (0orE-mail: beloved .Looking forward to hearing from you soon and best regards.) Sincerely yours, Chen HongtaoNew Horizon College English (Book 4)Title:Unit 7Geniuses and Better Parenting (B)InstructionTypes:3. lecture and explanation 4. discussion and retellingObjective:The training focus on how to analyze the structure of the text and learn to retell the text.Difficulty&Emphasis:1. text analysis 2retellingTimeDistribution:1.Pre-reading activities2.Reading skills3.Text analysis 4. Expressions5.AssignmentI. Pre-reading activitiesGive students several minutes to preview the text and prepare to analyze the structure. Get familiar with new words.II. Reading skillsWe have practiced the reading skill scanning in Unit 5, Book One and Unit 1, Book Three. Broadly defined, scanning is to look quickly through a passage to locate a specific item of information or to tell where we can get that information. Scanning does not involve intensive reading in details. This kind of reading skill is especially useful in reading newspapers or advertisements. But it is also possible to use this reading skill to find some particular information in any kind of reading materials.The steps involved in scanning are the following:1. Decide exactly what information you are looking for, and think about the form it may take. For example, if you want to know when something happened, you would have to look for a date. If you want to find out who did something, you would look for a name.2. Next, think about where you would be likely to get the information in a particular article and move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page until you secure the information.3. Stop reading when you have got the right information; you dont have to read further until you are clear about your next reading purpose. Now here are some examples from passage A, Unit 7.Scan to find the answers to the following questions in passage A in the quickest possible way and tell your partner where you find the right information.1. Luca Cavalli-Sforza believes through his research that the genetic superiority of any population over another _.Key: is without scientific basis. We can find the answer in Paragraph 1.2. Who is the author of The History and Geography of Human Genes?Key: The author: Luca Cavalli-Sforza. We can find the author in Paragraph 2.3. How many years did Luca Cavalli-Sforza work with his colleagues in order to create the first genetic map of the world?Key: 16 years. We can find the right information in Paragraph 2.4. How many genetic maps does the book The History and Geography of Human Genes contain?Key: 500 genetic maps. We can find the right information in Paragraph 2.5. Europeans are thought to be a mixed population as genetic patterns show they have _ Asian genes and _ African genes.Key: Europeans are thought to be a mixed population as genetic patterns show they have 65% Asian genes and 35% African genes. We can find the right information in Paragraph 8. III. Text analysisPart I: (para13): Different views on how geniuses spring up.PartII: (para48): But what sort of early stimulation should it be, the supportive or stimulating?PartIII: (para912): Another crucial factor is the need for parents to have proper conversations with their children. Part IV: (para1315): What kind of children can grow up as geniuses?IV. Expressions 1. spr