转接本考试辅导语法.ppt

专接本考试辅导,zhuanjieben_fudaozhuanjiebenfudao,时态,ThisisthefirsttimethatI_(hear)hersing.过去完成时常用在有hardly/scarcely/barelywhen;nosoonerthan等副词句子中,这种结构表示“刚刚就，不等就”。e.g.Shehadhardly(scarcely,barely)gonetobedwhenthebellrang.Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.,表示将来某时之前或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作e.g.Wewillhavemadeourcountryoneofthemediumdevelopedcountriesintheworldbytheyearof2050.到2050年我们将我国建设为世界上中等发达的国家之一.表示一个持续到某时或某动作发生之前的动作e.g.BynextMonday,shewillhavestudiedhereforthreeyears.到下周一,她在这里的学习就要满三年了.,David_thegolfclubfor2years.A.hasjoinedB.hasbeenC.joinedD.hasbeeninYesterdaywhenweleft,they_ameeting.A.werehavingB.haveC.arehavingD.hadIfit_nextSunday,wewontgotothepark.A.rainsB.rainC.rainingD.willrain,D,A,A,We_intouchwitheachothersince2003.A.havekeptB.hadkeptC.keptD.keepEvenifit_thisafternoon,Iwillgothere.A.hasrainedB.willrainC.rainsD.willhaverained,A,C,Whenwearrivedattheairport,weweretoldourflight_.A.hadbeencancelledB.hadcancelledC.hasbeencancelledD.cancelledHisgrandfather_forquitesomeyears.A.haddiedB.hasbeendiedC.hasbeendeadD.isdeath,A,C,Itsbeen5yearssincehe_China.A.leftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.leavingBythetimeyougetback,greatchanges_inthisarea.A.willtakeplaceB.willbetakenplaceC.aregoingtotakeplaceD.willhavetakenplace,A,D,He_inasmallworkshop,butnowheistheheadofabigbusinesscompany.A.usedtoworkingB.wasusedtoworkC.usedtoworkD.wasusedtoworkingMygrandpa_rurallife.A.hasusedtoB.usedtoC.isusedtoD.usesto,C,C,语态（被动）,形式：be+done(过去分词)willbedonehave/hadbeendonebebeingdoneHewashitbyacaryesterday.Anoticewillbeputuponthewall.Thatimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.Anewlakeisbeingbuiltinthepark.,只能作为不及物的动词和词组：occur,happen,breakout,takeplace,cometrue,becomearealityMay4thMovementtookplacein1919.Whendidtheaccidentoccur?某些由及物动词转化来的不及物动词，如：read,write,wash,cook,keep,open,sell等，常和副词well,easily,smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。Theclothwasheswell.Inhotweather,meatwontkeeplong.,need,require,want,deserve,beworth后面+doing的主动结构表示被动含义。Mywatchneedsrepairing.Thisfilmisreallyworthseeing.Whosaidtheboydeservedpunishing.某些系动词如：feel,prove,smell,taste,sound等+形容词，也是主动表被动意义。Thefoodtastesdelicious.Howsweettheseflowerssmell!,Thedogneeds_.Hehasbeendigginginthemud.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashingYou_here.Wehavegotplenty.A.needntbringB.dontneedtobringC.neednthavebroughtD.donthavetobring,B,C,不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略。在主动语态中，感官动词和“使”动词常跟不带to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中要有to。Isawherpassbythewindow.Shewasseentopassbythewindow.某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。Heishardtoplease.Thearticleisdifficulttounderstand.,Theanti-JapaneseWar_in1937.A)brokeoutB)wasbrokenoutC)hadbrokenoutD)washappenedThework_bythetimeyougethere.A)wouldhavebeendoneB)willhavebeendoneC)wouldhavedoneD)hasbeendone,A,B,“Theceremonyhasalreadystarted.”“Look!Theflagis_now.”A)beingraisedB)risenC)beingrisingD)raisingThefilm_thisSaturday.A)showsB)willshowC)istobeshownD)istoshow,A,C,TheUnitedKingdom_GreatBritainandNorthernIreland.A.consistedofB.isconsistedofC.consistsofD.consistTherearemorethanfiftyproposals_attheconference.A.discussedB.tobediscussedC.discussingD.havingdiscussed,C,B,非谓语动词,能以不定式作宾语的动词:afford,agree,ask,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,decline,seek,swear,wish,aim,long,strive,tend,fail,think,threaten,care,hate,prepare,help,want,hesitate,propose,plan,seem;,动词+宾语+带to的动词不定式:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,encourage,expect(要求),forbid,hire,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn;有些固定词组带to不定式，表示说话人的立场或态度，在句子中作独立成分：tobehonest,tobeginwith,tocutalongstoryshort,toget(back)tothepoint,toputitanotherway,totellthetruth;,动词+how/what/where/which/when/why+不定式,Theleaderconcernedtoldthenewsreportersfranklythathedidnotknowwhom_fortheaccidentcausedbyfakewine.A.isblameB.toblameC.blamesD.willblame,B,在“名词（代词）+be+easy(difficult,fit)+不定式”结构中，有时尽管句中主语是动作的承受者，不定式在意义上是被动的，形式上却是主动的。A.Thebookisdifficulttoread.这本书很难读懂。B.Thepathiseasytofind.这条路很好找。,不定式符号to和介词to的辨别问题英语中有相当数量的常用短语，其最后一个词是to；to可以是介词，也可以是不定式符号。作为介词，to后面接名词或动名词，作为不定式符号，后面须接动词原形，不可混淆。下面提供七种类型含介词to的搭配。含介词to的搭配,动词+介词toagreeto(同意)admitto（承认）attendto（注意、照顾）cometo（到达，涉及到）contributeto(捐献)objectto（反对）referto(提及，查询)动词+名词/代词+介词toattributeto（归因于)applyto（应用，适用）accustomto(使习惯于)confineto(限于范围内)dedicateto（奉献）preferto（喜欢）oweto（归功于,归因于）,动词+ed分词+介词tobeaccustomedto（惯于）beusedto（习惯于，适应于）bedevotedto（致力于）bereducedto（使变小）动词+副词小品词+介词togetdownto（开始认真做某事）lookforwardto（盼望）faceupto（勇敢地面对）,形容词+介词tosimilarto（类似）loyalto（忠于）deafto（不愿意听）superiorto（优于、胜过）sensitiveto（敏感）preferableto（较合人意）名词+介词toobjectionto（反对）answerto（回答、答复）limitto（限于）aidto(辅助)indifferenceto（不关心）keyto（解答，关键）以介词to结尾的复杂介词accordingto（根据，按照）asto（关于）owingto（因为，由于）thanksto（由于，多亏）inadditionto（除之外）,Youmustaccustomyourselfto_(get)upearly.Wearelookingforwardto_(see)youagain.Heusedto_(smoke)apipe.Hewasreducedto_(beg)forfood.Sheisworkinghardto_(earn)money.,getting,seeing,smoke,begging,earn,Allflights_becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werebeingcanceledB.havingcanceledC.hadbeencanceledD.havingbeencanceled,D,AsanEnglishsayinggoes:Itsnouse_overspiltmilk.A.tobecryingB.tocryC.cryingD.cried,C,Allthings_,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A)consideredB)beconsideredC)consideringD)havingconsidered,A,When_todinnerattherestaurant,sheseemedveryhappyandacceptedtheinvitation.A.invitedB.tobeinvitedC.invitingD.havinginvitedThedog,_,willmakeagoodwatchdog.A)totrainproperlyB)trainingproperlyC)properlytotrainD)trainedproperly,A,D,_,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.A)OtherthingsbeingequalB)WereotherthingsequalC)TobeequaltootherthingsD)Otherthingstobeequal,A,Theeditorial_nowwillappearintomorrowsnewspaper.A)writingB)towriteC)beingwrittenD)writeWhen_fromtheearth,thestarsseemtobetinydots.A.seeB.seeingC.seenD.tosee,C,C,It_nowprettylate,wetookourthingstoourroom.A)isB)beingC)turnedD)gotAbeggarwasdragginghiswearyfeetwithmanykids_behind.A)followingB)tofollowC)followedD)beingfollowed,B,A,Iunderstoodyouwerethird-yearstudents_inEnglish.A)whomajorsB)whomajorisC)havemajoredD)majoringHewantedabasketofflowers_tohiswife.A)sendingB)sentC)tosendD)tohavesent,D,B,_in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A)FoundingB)ItwasfoundedC)BeingfoundedD)FoundedThenameNebraskacomesfromtheoldIndianword“nebrathka”,_flatwater.A)tomeanB)meaningC)itmeansD)bymeaning,D,B,Thelab_nextyearwillbemoreadvancedthantheoldone.A)builtB)tobebuiltC)beingbuiltD)tobuildWalkingalongtheriversidepath,_severalgroupsofhikers.A)ImetB)therivermetC)itwasD)wemetby,B,A,现在分词Readingtheletter,sheburstintotears.=Whenshewasreadingtheletter,因为sheareB.is;isC.are;wasD.are;is,A,GrandpaWangandhistwograndsons_takingawalkintheparknow.GrandpaWang,togetherwithhistwograndsons,_takingawalkintheparknow.A.are;areB.is;areC.is;isD.are;is,D,Thenumberofthepeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were,wasB.was,wasC.was,wereD.were,were,C,定语从句,Mr.Smith,from_Ihavelearnedalot,isafamousscientist.Lightisthefastthingintheworld,thespeedof_is300000kilometerspersecond.Thesunheatstheearth,_isveryimportanttous.,whom,which,which,当先行词是all,something,nothing等不定代词；或先行词前有first,last,only,few,much,some,any,no等修饰时；或先行词q前有形容词最高级修饰时，一般只用that而不用which来引导定语从句。Ihaveexplainedeverything(that)Icantoyou.Thisisthemostbeautifulcampus(that)Iveeverbeento.非限定性定语从句,先行词也可以是整个句子。一般用which或as来引导。Which可以做主语或宾语，as一般只做主语。其区别：which只能置于句中或句末，as比较灵活。Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen,which(as)isknowntoall.Ashadbeenexpected,hefinishedfirstindecathlon(十项全能)atthatOlympicGames.,关系代词可以做介词的宾语，that不可以，只能是which或whom。Thisistheringonwhichshespent$1,000.Illneverforgetthemountainvillagewhere(inwhich)Ispentmychildhood.Idontknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hat,nowthat,Iboughtanewcar,_enginewasmadeinGermany.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.AwhereBthatConwhichIcalledMr.Smithathisoffice,butthevoice_answeredthephonewasnothis.A.whichB.whoC.asD.whom,whose,where,A,Ididntbuythecaryesterdayforthesimplereason_itwastooexpensive.A.whyB.whichC.sinceD.thatThevillage_Iwasbornandgrewupisquitefarfromhere.A.whatB.whereC.whichD.thatThenameoriginatedfromthedays_thishousebelongedtothelocalpolice.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.what,D,B,B,倒装,Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.Bynomeanscanwecreateordestroyenergy.Nosoonerhadtheshippulledawayfromthedockthanithadtoreturntopickupmorepassengers.,为了避免句子部分重复，常用倒装句，即so(neither,nor)+be动词（助动词，情态动词）+主语。Myfatherisanengineer;soismyhusband.Janedidntattendmyclass;nordidTom.注意：如表示赞同别人的陈述，so后面的部分不倒装。-Janeisagoodswimmer.-Soheis,andsoisDick.,具有否定意义的词或短语至于句首时，句子一般部分倒装，即将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括：not,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,scarcely,byn