全国中考英语卷说明文类阅读理解.doc

（北京 2010）BThe population of the Earth is growing faster. It is important that we look after the Earth. We need it.The Earth gives us a lot of things. We also give the Earth a lot, but some of the things are not good. In nature, when something dies, other animals and plants get food from it. Every animal or plant gives food for other animals or plants. However, animals cant get food from many of the things that we give the Earth. Animals and plants cant eat metal, plastic and glass. These things will stay in the ground for many, many, many years.Some rubbish is very dangerous for plants and animal. In some place, many animals live together. One animal makes food for many more animals. If we put rubbish and chemicals in the water, the plankton(浮游生物) can die. If there isnt any plankton, many animals have nothing to eat.So what can we do? Dont leave any rubbish in the countryside! Dont make so much rubbish!51. The Earth gives us _.A. food B. rubbish C. chemicals D. pollution 52. When something dies in nature, _.A. water and grass are pollutedB. plastic and wood become foodC. other animals and plants get foodD. metal and glass stay in the ground53. We must _ to look after the Earth.A. put metal in the ground B. use more woodC. keep frogs in the water D. make less rubbish（兰州 2010）B.Because earthquakes happen without warning, its important to take steps now to prepare. Because you dont know where you will be when an earthquake happens, prepare some supplies for your home, workplace, and car. 1. Water.A person needs at least 1/2 gallon of water daily just for drinking. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. It is suggested that you buy bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, do check the “use by” date.2. Food.Its always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable(不易腐烂的) food on hand. Have an enough supply of canned food, powdered milk, dried fruits, non-salted nuts and canned juices for at least 72 hours.3. Flashlights(手电筒) and spare batteries.Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are sure that no gas leaks.Prepare a battery-powered radio and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order, so radios will be your best source of information.4. Clothes.If you live in a cold place, you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your clothing and bedding supplies.56. Why should people prepare themselves for an earthquake? A. Because earthquakes can be known before they happen. B. Because earthquakes take place without warning. C. Because earthquakes usually take place in the neighborhood. D. Because its peoples daily work to prepare the earthquakes.57. About the prepared water, which description is RIGHT? A. A person should prepare 0.5 gallon of water for one day. B. Youd better use your own containers to keep water. C. Youd better open the bottled water when you buy it. D. You shouldnt open the bottled water until you need it.58. You should prepare all of the following except _. A. powdered milk B. fresh vegetables C. dried fruits D. canned juices59. According to the article we know that _. A. we need to prepare some supplies only at home B. a telephone is the most important prepared thing C. flashlights but not matches are first used after earthquakes D. clothes are used to protect your head60. If you live in a cold place, you should prepare _. A. some warm clothes and bedding supplies B. some hot water C. some batteries D. some flashlights（桂林 2010）DDreams are expressions of thoughts, feelings and events that pass through our mind while we are sleeping. Everybody dreams. But only some people remember their dreams. Our dreams often include all the sensessmells, sounds, sights, tastes and things we touch. We dream in colour. Sometimes we dream the same dream over and over again. These repeated dreams are often unpleasant. They may even be nightmaresbad dreams that frighten us.Early in the twentieth century, two famous scientists developed their personal ideas about dreams. Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud published a book called “The Interpretation(诠释) of Dreams” in 1900. Freud believed people often dream about things they want but cant have. These dreams often have something to do with sex and aggression(侵犯). Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung worked closely with Freud for several years, but he believed dreams could help people grow and understand themselves. He believed dreams provide solutions(解答) to problems we face when we are awake. He didnt believe dreams hide our feelings about sex or aggression. Today we know more about the science of dreaming because researchers can take pictures of peoples brains while they are sleeping.Other researchers are studying how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions(感情). Robert Stickgold is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard University in Massachusetts. Doctor Stickgold says that when we dream, the brain is trying to make sense of the world. He does not agree with Sigmund Freud that dreaming is the way we express our hidden feelings and desires(愿望).Scientists believe it is important to keep researching dreams. Doctor Stickgold says it has been more than one hundred years since Sigmund Freud published his important book about dreaming. Yet there is still no agreement on exactly how the brain works when we are dreaming or why we dream.请根据短文内容，选择最佳答案, 将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。（每小题2分，共10分）71. Dreams _.A. are remembered by everyone B. express all that we think in our mindC. include few senses and things we touchD. are sometimes nightmares that repeat and frighten us 72. A book on dreaming was published by _.A. Sigmund Freud B. Robert Stickgold C. Carl Jung D. the writer 73. In the passage, all the psychiatrists _.A. believe dreams can help people understand all the problems that they faceB. think dreams always hide someones feelings about sex or aggressionC. study dream and dreaming and have their own ideas D. have the same idea that people often dream about the things they want74. From the passage, we know that _.A. Jung thought that dreams provide solutions to problems we face when we are sleeping B. Freud developed the idea that dreams are expressions of peoples hidden feelingsC. scientists have known quite well why we dream because they can take pictures of our brains D. other researchers have discovered how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions 75.Which would be the best title(标题) for the passage?A. The Explanations of Dreams B. The Ways of Dreams C. The Solutions to Dreams D. The Mystery(奥秘) of Dreams and Dreaming（A）(2010哈尔滨) When we have small cuts in the skin (皮肤), something strange may happen. The cuts are able to heal (痊愈) themselves in a couple of days. How does this happen? Read on, and you will find out the secret.Every living thing on the earth is made up of cells(细胞). Cells grow and make new cells. Most cells are very tiny and we cant see them with our eyes. Different cells have different uses. Our skin cells are special ones. The cells on the surface (表面) of our skin are old dead cells. New skin cells are right under the surface. These are the living skin cells. They do work for our bodies. They help protect our bodies and heal cuts.Our bodies make skin cells all the time. As the old cells fall off, new cells grow in the same place. Each person makes about 18 kg of skin cells during his or her life. Surface skin cells fit together closely with no gaps between them. When you cut or burn yourself, you can harm your skin cells. A small cut will not do much harm. Your skin will quickly heal itself by making new skin cells. How do skin cells. How do skin cells work? First, the cells near the cut get bigger and move into the gap; Next, these bigger cells meet in the middle. They form a new layer (层) of skin cells. Finally, new cells will grow until the gap disappears completely. In this way, your skin can grow well itself.How amazing the tiny cells are! Next time you have a cut, dont worry about it. Maybe in a few days, you will be surprised to find it healed.根据短文内容选择最佳答案。( ) 46. The underlined word “gaps” in the passage means “_” in Chinese. A. 突起 B.条纹 C.缝隙( ) 47. From the passage, we know that cells _.A. are large and we can see them with our bodiesB. can grow and make new cellsC. arent in most living things( ) 48. Skin cells heal cuts in three steps. _ is the right order.( ) 49. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Each person can make 18 kg of skin cells every day.B. Different cells have different uses in our bodies. 来源:Z,xx,k.ComC. The skin cells have little work to do in the body.( ) 50. The best title for this passage should be _.A. HOW SKIN CELLS HEAL CUTSB. THE IMPORTANCE OF SKINC. HOW TO PROTECT OUR FINGERS（咸宁 2010）BWhat might the future be like? Here are some predictions: things to come, things to go. The Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday when everyone returns home, has caused headaches for millions of Chinese. More than 2 billion people travel at the same time, making getting travel tickets and the journey difficult. But in 28 years, Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all. China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway and a fast transportation network that will serve 90% of the population by 2020. And because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other places to find a job, so it will no longer be a problem.Newspaper will come to an end in 2043. In the future, digital(数字的) newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through Internet. Readers can discuss topics with journalists and editors. Information will move faster. Oil is running out faster than expected. But scientists have found something else for oil as fuel(燃料). Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of energy(能源). Schools will go electronic(电子化). Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers, they will check homework on computers and communicate with the students parents through e-mail. And school buses will be like spaceships, comfortable and safe.56. More than 2 billion people have a hard time returning home during .A. Christmas DayB. National DayC. the Spring FestivalD. the Mid-autumn Festival57. The newspapers will disappear .A. in 28 years B. by 2020 C. by 2053 D. in 33 years58. is not mentioned in the passage as sources of energy.A. Coal B. Wind C. Nuclear power D. Water59. From the passage we can know in the future.A. the Spring Festival travel may still be a problemB. 90% of the population will live in the cityC. robot teachers will check homeworkD. readers can discuss topics with each other through Internet60. Whats the main idea of the last paragraph? .A. Schools will go electronic B. Computers will be importantC. There will be robot teachers D. School buses will be like spaceships（宜昌 2010）BEvery morning, the newspaper chief editor(主编) holds a meeting with the reporters. They discuss the main events(事件) of the day. Reporters are then sent to cover the events. As soon as the reporters know what to write about, they get down to work. They telephone people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview with them. Sometimes they do telephone interviews. Checking information is very important. They go to the newspapers own library to look up any information that they need. This is called “doing ones homework”. At the same time, the picture editor decides which photographs will be used for the next days paper. All the people who work on a newspaper must be able to work fast. Reporters have to stop working on one story and start working at once on the important new one. They must find out the new information as quickly as possible. Later in the day, everything is put together at the news desk. Reporters return, type their stories into the computer and hand them to the editor. The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page. Sometimes this will have to be changed if something more important happens late in the day. Other editors read the stories which the reporters have written and make any necessary changes. Finally, there is no more time left for adding new stories, and the time for printing(印刷) the newspaper has come. This is done on fast-moving printing machines. The newspapers are then delivered(发送) by truck, plane or rail. Speed is important. People want to buy the latest newspaper; nobody wants to buy yesterdays.61. What is the work in a newspaper office like? A. Interesting and confusingB. Important and patient. C. Particular and necessary. D. Fast and busy.62. According to the passage, the right order for a reporters work is _. a. writing stories b. doing interviews c. joining in a discussion d. doing homework e. handing stories to the editor A. cbadeB. cdeabC. cbdae D. cadbe63. The front page contents(内容) are decided by _. A. the importance of the eventsB. how well the stories are written C. the knowledge of the chief editor D. whether they are the latest64. Word editors work is to _. A. help the chief editor with the morning discussion B. decide when and how the papers can be printed C. read the stories and make necessary changes D. get together information from reporters and photographers65. The best title for this passage is “_”. A. How a newspaper is producedB. How newspapers are delivered C. What kind of papers readers likeD. Whose work is more important（常州 2010）BCats are the most popular pets among Americans. So it is not surprising that there are a lot of expressions about cats. Some cats like to catch small birds, like canaries (金丝雀). If someone looks very proud and satisfied with himself, we say “he looks like the cat that ate the canary.”Sometimes, a cat likes to play with a small animal it catches. So if you “play cat and mouse” with someone, it means that you change between different kinds of behavior when dealing with another person. For example, a girl might offer something sweet to her little brother and then take it away when he reaches for it.Americans might say that something is “the cats miaow” or “the cats pajamas(睡衣)” to describe something that is the best or finest. “A copycat” is someone who acts just like someone else or copies another persons work. “A fat cat” is a person with a lot of money.If you tell about something that is supposed to be a secret, we say you “let the cat out of the bag”. If you are not able to speak or answer a question, someone might ask you if “the cat has got your tongue(舌头)” Have you ever watched children in a classroom when their teacher leaves for a few minutes? “When the cats away, the mice will play” means people sometimes act badly when there is no supervision (监管). You may have heard the expression “curiosity killed the cat”. This means caring too much about things that are not your business might cause problems.If you have ever had cats as pets, you know it is difficult to train them or to get them to do something. Cats are not like Sheep or cows that can be moved in a group. So we say a difficult or impossible job is like “herding (放牧) cats “24. What can we learn from the passage?A. The expression “a fat cat” is used to describe someone who is very fat.B. The expression “play cat and mouse” usually means “play tricks on others”.C. It is more difficult to keep sheep or cows than cats.D. There are more expressions about cats than those about dogs.25. In which of the following situations do we most probably use the expression “curiosity killed the cat”?A. Someone always asked a lady her age or weight and it made her angry.B. Someone promised to keep a secret but he failed to do so.C. Someone won the first prize in an English singing competition and he felt very excited.D. Someone tried to swim across the Yangtze River with his newly broken legs.26. Where can you most probably find the passage?A. In a scientific research paper about cats.B. On a website telling people how to keep cats.C. In a magazine telling various jokes and funny stories.D. In a language book that teaches students how to use American slang.（娄底 2010）Every year there is a Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January or February. It is the most important festival in China. So before it comes， everyone has to prepare things. They buy pork， beef， chicken， fruits and many other things. An