英美文学概况-殖民时期文学.ppt

ColonialAmerican(Early17thCenturyTheEndof18theCentury),ChineseConfucianism,AmericanPuritanism,ThebeliefsandpracticescharacteristicofPuritans(mostofwhomwereCalvinistswhowishedtopurifytheChurchofEnglandofitsCatholicaspects),ThefoundingfathersofAmerica,AmericanPuritans:thefoundingfathers,Self-assertedGod-chosenpeoplewithastrongsenseofmissiontobuildthewildernessintoanewGardenofEdenaccordingtotheirownidealasNottoleranttodissenters:StrictnessandausterityinconductandreligionCalvinistsPracticalidealists,Agroupofreligiouspeoplewithaparticularstateofmind:,JohnCalvin(150927)wasaninfluentialFrenchtheologianandpastorduringtheProtestantReformation.,PuritansbelievedthathumanbeingswerepredestinedbyGodbeforetheywereborn.SomewereGodschosenpeople(Godselect上帝的选民)whileotherswerepredestinedtobedamnedtohell.ThesuccessofonesworkortheprosperityinhiscallinggivenbyGodwasthesignofbeingGodselect.Therefore,everyonemustworkhard,spendlittleandinvestformorebusiness.Workinghardandlivingamorallifeweretheirethics.TheyregardedBibletobetheauthorityoftheirdoctrine.TobeabletoreadtheBibleandunderstandGodswill,educationwasessentialforPuritans.,TheshapinginfluenceofPuritanismuponAmericanLiterature,Americanliterature:TheexpressionoftheAmericanPuritanbequestFortheestablishmentoftheGardenofEden(practiceoftheGod-endowedmission)withtheindomitablecourageandconfidenthope,firedwithasenseofmissionandthespiritofoptimismTheinevitableoutcome-themoodoffrustrationanddespair-inthewakeoftheinitialoptimismandidealismSymbolismaspartofAmericanintellectualtradition:ametaphoricalmodeofperceptionSimplicityinwritingtechnique,ThephysicalphenomenalworldisasymbolofGod.Physicallifewassimultaneouslyspiritual;everypassageoflife,enmeshedinthevastcontextofGodsplan,possessedadelegatedmeaning.Theworldwas,inaword,oneofmultiplesignificance.,Makeme,OLord,thySpinningWheelecompleat;ThyHolyWordemyDistaffmakeformee.MakemineAffectionsthySwiftFlyersneate,AndmakemySoulethyholySpooletobee.MyConversationmaketobethyReele,AndreeletheyarnthereonspunofthyWheele.,MakemethyLoomethen,knitthereinthisTwine:AndmakethyHolySpirit,Lord,windequills:ThenweavetheWebthyselfe.Theyarnisfine.ThineOrdinancesmakemyFullingMills.ThendythesameinHeavenlyColoursChoice,AllpinktwithVarnishtFlowersofParadise.,Huswifery,ThencloaththerewithmineUnderstanding,Will,Affections,Judgment,Conscience,Memory;MyWordsandActions,thattheirshinemayfillMywayeswithgloryandtheeglorify.ThenmineapparellshalldisplaybeforeyeeThatIamCloathdinHolyrobesforglory.,TheliterarysceneinColonialAmerica,Humbleorigins:personalliteratureinitsvariousformsTheimitationofBritishliteratureTradition,ColonialAuthors:JohnSmithWilliamBradfordJohnWinthropAnneBradstreetEdwardTaylorRogerWilliamsThomasPaineJohnWoolmanPhilipFreneauCharlesBrown,Themes:ThegloryofGodWestwardexpansionFrontierlifeSoul-searchingConflictsbetweenthephysicalandspiritualReligiousandcivilfreedomIndigenousIndiancultureandlifeIndigenoussceneryandlifeSpiritofnationalismPsychologicalstudying,PhilipMorinFreneau(January2,1752December18,1832)wasanotableAmericanpoet,nationalist,sometimescalledthePoetoftheAmericanRevolution.,Fairflower,thatdostsocomelygrow,Hidinthissilent,dullretreat,Untouchedthyhoneydblossomsblow,Unseenthylittlebranchesgreet;.Norovingfootshallcrushtheehere,.Nobusyhandprovokeatear.ByNaturesselfinwhitearrayed,Shebadetheeshunthevulgareye,Andplantedheretheguardianshade,Andsentsoftwatersmurmuringby;.Thusquietlythysummergoes,.Thydaysdecliningtorepose.,Smitwiththosecharms,thatmustdecay,Igrievetoseeyourfuturedoom;Theydied-norwerethoseflowersmoregay,TheflowersthatdidinEdenbloom;.Unpityingfrosts,andAutumnspower.Shallleavenovestigeofthisflower.FrommorningsunsandeveningdewsAtfirstthylittlebeingcame:Ifnothingonce,younothinglose,Forwhenyoudieyouarethesame;.Thespacebetween,isbutanhour,.Thefraildurationofaflower.,TheWildHoney-Suckle,18thCentury-Theageofreason,BenjaminFranklin,JonathanEdwards,Religiousidealism,Levelheadedcommonsense,Materialism,Immaterialism,TwofacetedtraditionofAmericanPuritanism,*Enlightenment:theageofreason*Newtonianconceptoftheuniverseassomethingmechanical*Deism,*Calvinistviewoftheuniverse,VS.,BenjaminFranklin,ThesymbolofAmericaintheageofEnlightenment;thefirstself-madeAmericanmantorealizeAmericandream,JonathanEdwards,“thecurrentofTranscendentalism,originatinginthepietyofthePuritans,becomingaphilosophyinJonathanEdwards,passingthroughEmerson,producingtherefinementandaloofnessofthech